Pitfalls and Pipelines - Philippine Indigenous Peoples Links
Pitfalls and Pipelines - Philippine Indigenous Peoples Links Pitfalls and Pipelines - Philippine Indigenous Peoples Links
350 Pitfalls and Pipelines: Indigenous Peoples and Extractive Industries We, Indigenous Peoples and support organizations from 35 countries around the world and representing many more Indigenous Nations, have gathered together in this International Conference on Extractive Industries and Indigenous Peoples. As Indigenous Peoples we have a unique cosmic vision, diversity of languages, histories, spirituality and territories which have existed since time immemorial. However, we now find ourselves within the borders of States which have established norms and laws according to their interests. On account of this situation, we have suffered disproportionately from the impact of extractive industries as our territories are home to over sixty percent of the world’s most coveted mineral resources. This has resulted in many problems to our peoples, as it has attracted extractive industry corporations to unsustainably exploit our lands, territories and recourses without our consent. This exploitation has led to the worst forms of, environmental degradation, human rights violations and land dispossession and is contributing to climate change. Environmental degradation includes, but is not limited to, erosion of our fragile biological diversity, pollution of land, air and water, and destruction of whole ecological systems. Extractive industries, and particularly those relating to fossil fuels, also have significantly contributed to the climate change that is destroying our Mother Earth. Human rights violations range from violations of Indigenous Peoples’ right to self-determination (which includes the right to determine one’s own economic, social and cultural development), rights to lands, territories and resources, as well as displacement and violations of the most basic civil and political rights, such as arbitrary arrests and detention, torture, enforced disappearances and killings. Our cultural diversity has also been grossly eroded because of the destruction of biological diversity and lands, territories and resources by extractive industries upon which our cultures are based. This erosion of our cultural diversity is also a result of the imposition of colonial systems and the settlement of non-Indigenous Peoples. Corporations enter into our territories with the promise of “development” through employ-
Appendix 1: The Manila Declaration 351 ment, infrastructure building and payment of governmental taxes. Despite these promises, there still exists a situation of dire poverty in those living close to extractive industry projects. This situation has fuelled conflicts between Indigenous Peoples and the State and extractive industry corporations, as well as causing divisions within the Indigenous communities themselves. On May 6-16, 1996, a first “Mining and Indigenous Peoples Conference” held in London produced the “Indigenous Peoples’ Declaration on Mining.” This declaration highlighted conflicts occurring between our communities and corporations. It reiterated that Indigenous Peoples need to be the decision makers on whether or not mining should take place in their communities and under what conditions this may occur. Almost 13 years have passed since this conference was held, but overall our situation on the ground has not noticeably improved. The opportunities and threats since the 1996 conference include: • the welcome adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) by the UN General Assembly on 13 September 2007; • new UN mechanisms for the protection of the rights of Indigenous Peoples, such as the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, and the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; • a greater interest on the relationship between human rights and corporate behaviour, including the work of the UN Special Representative of the Secretary General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises; • the recognition of corporate social responsibility and a claimed willingness on behalf of corporations to negotiate agreements directly with Indigenous Peoples, although so far much of this seems to be more on paper or promises, as opposed to practice; • the climate change crisis, coming about mainly because
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350 <strong>Pitfalls</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Pipelines</strong>: <strong>Indigenous</strong> <strong>Peoples</strong> <strong>and</strong> Extractive Industries<br />
We, <strong>Indigenous</strong> <strong>Peoples</strong> <strong>and</strong> support organizations<br />
from 35 countries around the world <strong>and</strong> representing<br />
many more <strong>Indigenous</strong> Nations, have gathered together in<br />
this International Conference on Extractive Industries <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>Indigenous</strong> <strong>Peoples</strong>. As <strong>Indigenous</strong> <strong>Peoples</strong> we have a unique<br />
cosmic vision, diversity of languages, histories, spirituality<br />
<strong>and</strong> territories which have existed since time immemorial.<br />
However, we now find ourselves within the borders of States<br />
which have established norms <strong>and</strong> laws according to their<br />
interests. On account of this situation, we have suffered disproportionately<br />
from the impact of extractive industries as<br />
our territories are home to over sixty percent of the world’s<br />
most coveted mineral resources. This has resulted in many<br />
problems to our peoples, as it has attracted extractive industry<br />
corporations to unsustainably exploit our l<strong>and</strong>s, territories<br />
<strong>and</strong> recourses without our consent. This exploitation has led<br />
to the worst forms of, environmental degradation, human<br />
rights violations <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong> dispossession <strong>and</strong> is contributing to<br />
climate change.<br />
Environmental degradation includes, but is not limited to,<br />
erosion of our fragile biological diversity, pollution of l<strong>and</strong>,<br />
air <strong>and</strong> water, <strong>and</strong> destruction of whole ecological systems.<br />
Extractive industries, <strong>and</strong> particularly those relating to fossil<br />
fuels, also have significantly contributed to the climate change<br />
that is destroying our Mother Earth.<br />
Human rights violations range from violations of<br />
<strong>Indigenous</strong> <strong>Peoples</strong>’ right to self-determination (which includes<br />
the right to determine one’s own economic, social <strong>and</strong><br />
cultural development), rights to l<strong>and</strong>s, territories <strong>and</strong> resources,<br />
as well as displacement <strong>and</strong> violations of the most basic civil<br />
<strong>and</strong> political rights, such as arbitrary arrests <strong>and</strong> detention,<br />
torture, enforced disappearances <strong>and</strong> killings.<br />
Our cultural diversity has also been grossly eroded because<br />
of the destruction of biological diversity <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>s, territories<br />
<strong>and</strong> resources by extractive industries upon which our cultures<br />
are based. This erosion of our cultural diversity is also a<br />
result of the imposition of colonial systems <strong>and</strong> the settlement<br />
of non-<strong>Indigenous</strong> <strong>Peoples</strong>. Corporations enter into our territories<br />
with the promise of “development” through employ-