Qualitative Research in Practice : Stories From the Field - Blogs Unpad
Qualitative Research in Practice : Stories From the Field - Blogs Unpad Qualitative Research in Practice : Stories From the Field - Blogs Unpad
Epilogue are presented to the way in which the decision-makers normally receive information. The suggestions above are focused on making recommendations in relation to the research site of a particular program which has been evaluated. Most research will have implications which go well beyond a specific research site, and may need to be disseminated in different ways to different audiences, as was discussed in the previous chapter. The external environment will also greatly influence whether there is a receptive climate for the research. Often the origin of the research occurs within a particular policy and social context which also affects how it is received. However, given the dynamic and turbulent field of the human services, the research may be finally delivered in a very different context to that in which it was conceived. This may mean that the findings are seen as dated and so are easily passed over. Conversely, the findings can sometimes take on greater salience in an external environment which has changed significantly since the research commenced. An example of this is the study on adoption experiences of older children undertaken by Caroline Thomas and her colleagues. The publication of the book coincided with very high-level political attention on the issue of children languishing in institutions when they were eligible for adoption. This helped to give the study a higher profile than it might otherwise have received. When making recommendations researchers need to be mindful of the context of their study in terms of its time and place. Extrapolating the findings of a study to other contexts is always a central issue in human services. Researchers and those who utilise research must therefore be very aware of the core components of the context in which the research was done and the core components of the context in which the recommendations arising from it may be implemented. Sometimes the most important contextual components of both the research site and where it is hoped to apply the findings are not very visible, as they tend to be taken for granted. This is a particular challenge when crossing different service systems in the human services field, as very different legislation and service systems exist across regions and states, as do demographic differences. The challenge is even greater when crossing national and cultural boundaries. 179
Qualitative research in practice In industry this process is called ‘technology transfer’ but in relation to the human services the term does not give sufficient salience to the contextual features which need to be considered. We prefer to describe it as a process of transplanting innovation across different landscapes. The metaphor of taking a plant from the climatic and soil conditions in which it originally grew and trying to grow it elsewhere draws awareness to the different contextual characteristics which must be considered if the transplant is to be successful. The researcher will need to think carefully about what needs to be changed to make the program or policy fit the context into which it is being introduced, while being mindful of the risk of damaging what might be the core ingredients which make a program work. There is obviously a trade-off between maintaining the integrity of a model and adapting it to fit new contexts. In Dorothy Scott’s child protection assessment study (outlined in Chapter 2), the conflict between various organisations in the child protection system was particularly intense during the period of data collection. This was precisely why the study investigated inter-organisational and inter-professional conflict—but by the time the research was completed, the highly politicised controversies surrounding the child protection system had diminished. The question then arose as to how applicable the findings and recommendations were in relation to the new context. Thus the generalisability and transferability of research are in direct proportion to the degree to which the findings are contextbound. This is true for both quantitative and qualitative research. In making recommendations researchers need to acknowledge the possible limitations on the transferability of their studies, while not minimising the significance of the study’s findings to other settings. The researcher’s role may go beyond dissemination and making recommendations. Some human services researchers are actively involved in a strategic process of developmental research which Fraser and Leavitt (1990) have described as ‘mission-oriented research and entrepreneurship’. In developmental research of this nature the evaluation is just one part of the process described by Thomas (1978) as consisting of the following phases: • Analysis (identification of need) • Development (designing the social technology) • Evaluation (assessing the program) 180
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- Page 212 and 213: References Johnson, K. & Scott, D.
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Epilogue<br />
are presented to <strong>the</strong> way <strong>in</strong> which <strong>the</strong> decision-makers normally<br />
receive <strong>in</strong>formation.<br />
The suggestions above are focused on mak<strong>in</strong>g recommendations <strong>in</strong><br />
relation to <strong>the</strong> research site of a particular program which has been<br />
evaluated. Most research will have implications which go well<br />
beyond a specific research site, and may need to be dissem<strong>in</strong>ated <strong>in</strong><br />
different ways to different audiences, as was discussed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
previous chapter. The external environment will also greatly <strong>in</strong>fluence<br />
whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>re is a receptive climate for <strong>the</strong> research. Often <strong>the</strong><br />
orig<strong>in</strong> of <strong>the</strong> research occurs with<strong>in</strong> a particular policy and social<br />
context which also affects how it is received. However, given <strong>the</strong><br />
dynamic and turbulent field of <strong>the</strong> human services, <strong>the</strong> research<br />
may be f<strong>in</strong>ally delivered <strong>in</strong> a very different context to that <strong>in</strong> which<br />
it was conceived. This may mean that <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs are seen as dated<br />
and so are easily passed over.<br />
Conversely, <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs can sometimes take on greater salience<br />
<strong>in</strong> an external environment which has changed significantly s<strong>in</strong>ce<br />
<strong>the</strong> research commenced. An example of this is <strong>the</strong> study on<br />
adoption experiences of older children undertaken by Carol<strong>in</strong>e<br />
Thomas and her colleagues. The publication of <strong>the</strong> book co<strong>in</strong>cided<br />
with very high-level political attention on <strong>the</strong> issue of children<br />
languish<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>stitutions when <strong>the</strong>y were eligible for adoption.<br />
This helped to give <strong>the</strong> study a higher profile than it might o<strong>the</strong>rwise<br />
have received.<br />
When mak<strong>in</strong>g recommendations researchers need to be m<strong>in</strong>dful<br />
of <strong>the</strong> context of <strong>the</strong>ir study <strong>in</strong> terms of its time and place. Extrapolat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs of a study to o<strong>the</strong>r contexts is always a central<br />
issue <strong>in</strong> human services. <strong>Research</strong>ers and those who utilise research<br />
must <strong>the</strong>refore be very aware of <strong>the</strong> core components of <strong>the</strong> context<br />
<strong>in</strong> which <strong>the</strong> research was done and <strong>the</strong> core components of <strong>the</strong><br />
context <strong>in</strong> which <strong>the</strong> recommendations aris<strong>in</strong>g from it may be implemented.<br />
Sometimes <strong>the</strong> most important contextual components of both<br />
<strong>the</strong> research site and where it is hoped to apply <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs are not<br />
very visible, as <strong>the</strong>y tend to be taken for granted. This is a particular<br />
challenge when cross<strong>in</strong>g different service systems <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> human<br />
services field, as very different legislation and service systems exist<br />
across regions and states, as do demographic differences. The<br />
challenge is even greater when cross<strong>in</strong>g national and cultural<br />
boundaries.<br />
179