contents - Illuminating Engineering Society
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CONTENTS<br />
OUTDOOR LIGHTING<br />
From Coking Plant to Colorful Sculpture 32<br />
Two design firms combined efforts for the lighting design of the Zollverein Coking Plant, in<br />
Germany. According to Jonathan Speirs, the new building is a monumental industrial<br />
sculpture, illuminated in different colors to indicate the juxtaposition of nature/power/process.<br />
The project received a Paul Waturbury Award of Excellence for Outdoor Lighting Design.<br />
Winging It 36<br />
The Midwest Research Institute comprises two wings, each markedly different in<br />
appearance. Mark Hershman fills us in on the thought process behind the design of<br />
each wing, and the respective challenges the design team faced. In the process,<br />
they earned an IIDA Paul Waterbury Award of Excellence.<br />
Las Rozas Light Show 40<br />
Ron Harwood, president of <strong>Illuminating</strong> Concepts, discusses his firm’s role in designing<br />
the Hollywood Tower, a 90 ft tower that performs an operator-free synchronized sound<br />
and light show in Heron City, an entertainment center in Las Rozas, Spain. This project<br />
was awarded a Paul Waterbury Award for Outdoor Lighting Design Special Citation.<br />
Millennium Masterpiece 44<br />
The Millennium Dome was one of the icons celebrating the media-hyped “end of the millennium.”<br />
Lighted by the firm of Speirs and Major Ltd., the project was awarded a Paul Waterbury<br />
Award of Excellence for Outdoor Lighting Design. Mark Major details the firm’s work.<br />
Revolutionizing the Rest Stop 48<br />
Since the 1950s, service plazas have been familiar and valuable assets for travelers<br />
along major U.S. highways. For years, these rest stops have maintained a<br />
near-uniform appearance. Geraldine Kiefer describes the innovative design style<br />
of the newly remodeled Ohio Turnpike travel centers.<br />
LIGHT TRESPASS<br />
Not in my Dark Yard 52<br />
Light trespass has become an industry buzzword over the past few years. But, as<br />
Edward Kramer explains, simply eliminating light trespass doesn’t solve the<br />
whole problem. You also have to address light pollution.<br />
Full Cutoff Lighting: The Benefits 54<br />
Although the definitions for<br />
cutoff lighting have remained<br />
virtually unchanged for<br />
nearly 30 years, a new<br />
classification — full cutoff—<br />
has been introduced.<br />
Douglas Paulin details<br />
the finer points of<br />
this new terminology.<br />
DEPARTMENTS<br />
4 Digital Perspectives<br />
8 Letters to the Editor<br />
11 Specification Sales Strategies<br />
12 Energy Concerns<br />
14 Essay by Invitation<br />
18 Working with the Web<br />
20 Views on the Visual<br />
Environment<br />
22 Regional Voices<br />
23 Photons<br />
27 IES News<br />
APRIL 2001<br />
VOL. 31/NO. 4<br />
58 Light Products<br />
63 Howard Brandston<br />
Student Lighting<br />
Design From<br />
44<br />
ON THE COVER: A view from behind the glass wall that serves as a visually<br />
appealing entranceway to the Midwest Research Institute. The two wings of the<br />
building are designed in contrasting styles. One wing is treated in a gentle<br />
rose purple wash, in response to the neoclassical museum located across<br />
the street, while the second wing, facing a park-like setting, focuses on<br />
landscape and foliage illumination. Photo: Michael Spillers<br />
2 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
LETTERS<br />
TO THE EDITOR<br />
The article “Not Your Father’s Daylighting” in<br />
January’s excellent edition of LD+A made awkward<br />
reading for those of us who live in maritime climates<br />
— Steven Ternoey’s advocacy of low-transmittance<br />
view glass presumeably makes sense in his<br />
native Southern California, but in foggy London town<br />
the average luminance of horizontal sky during working<br />
hours barely scrapes above 3000 cd/m 2 — call it<br />
2000 cd/m 2 by the time it’s struggled through two or<br />
even three panes of pollution-encrusted glass. With<br />
up-to-date screens, luminances of this magnitude produce<br />
barely-visible reflections, which are not likely to<br />
distract or impede office workers.<br />
I was surprised that he didn’t mention the thermal<br />
consequences of glass with a low transmittance; incident<br />
IR can be reflected, transmitted or absorbed, and<br />
most glasses of this type absorb incident IR within their<br />
own volume, thereby conducting roughly half of that<br />
incidient heat into the building, rather than rejecting it<br />
to the environment. With careful choice of low-emissivity<br />
glass this can be avoided, but the summer heat-gain<br />
consequences of specifying low-transmittance glass<br />
are potentially very serious, especially in climates with<br />
high solar gain and high ambient temperatures.<br />
In my admittedly brief experience, the California climate<br />
consists of alternating sea mist and blazing sun<br />
— and low-transmittance glass doesn’t seem to be<br />
appropriate in either of these scenarios. Recent<br />
research in the UK and Europe has concentrated on<br />
glasses with clever internal structures which redirect<br />
some light onto the ceiling while preserving the view<br />
out, and on automated horizontal blinds (external blinds<br />
are common in continental Europe).<br />
Unfortunately both these options add significantly to<br />
the capital and maintenance costs of the building,<br />
but to me it seems axiomatic that, to cope with the<br />
wide variation in weather conditions, the building<br />
envelope should be similarly variable.<br />
Owen Howlett MA MSc<br />
Lighting Researcher<br />
Zumtobel Staff Lighting UK<br />
The section on office lighting in the new IESNA 9th<br />
Edition Lighting Handbook makes the point that<br />
illuminance is a poor criterion by which to design a lighting<br />
system and judge its effectiveness. While tidying my<br />
study, I came across the following quotation from The<br />
<strong>Illuminating</strong> Engineer (U.K. 1908). It makes the same<br />
point as that made in the Handbook, nearly a century<br />
later. The language used by the writer conjures up the<br />
picture of an Edwardian gentleman with a high-starched<br />
collar and three-piece suit, the bottom button of his<br />
waistcoat being left undone after the fashion set by his<br />
monarch, who was portly.<br />
“It has been my experience in observing<br />
the methods of work employed by persons<br />
having to deal with lighting matters, to note<br />
that there is often a decided tendency displayed<br />
to consider the technical (mathematical)<br />
side of the work as being the most,<br />
and, in some cases, the all important. There<br />
are persons who, in designing lighting systems,<br />
are seemingly lost unless they can work<br />
out elaborate calculations from photometric<br />
curves, which show them theoretically what<br />
the variation and intensity of illumination will<br />
be in a given space.<br />
But values thus obtained give but little<br />
idea as to what will be the effect of light on<br />
the eye, which is a point of considerable<br />
importance. It does not follow that because<br />
we theoretically obtain a given distribution<br />
and intensity of illumination, that the same<br />
will be satisfactory to the eye, either from a<br />
physiological or aesthetic standpoint. Therefore,<br />
something more than mathematical formulae<br />
must be considered, although I appreciate<br />
their usage in the work as a whole.”<br />
Ernest Wotton<br />
Toronto, Ontario<br />
8 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
Where<br />
do we find<br />
lighting specifiers?<br />
The most<br />
obvious<br />
lighting specifier<br />
group<br />
are independent<br />
lighting<br />
consultants.<br />
In the architectural construction<br />
world, the lighting specifiers —<br />
the people who specify lighting<br />
— are a very diverse group of people.<br />
The lighting specifier can be a<br />
lighting consultant/designer, an<br />
engineer, an interior designer, an<br />
architect, or a design-build contractor.<br />
Less frequently, the lighting<br />
specifier can be the construction<br />
manager, and, of course,<br />
sometimes the specifier can even<br />
be the building owner. Lighting<br />
consultants/designers also come<br />
from a very diverse background,<br />
including architecture, engineering,<br />
architectural engineering, interior<br />
design, theater and industrial<br />
design, among others.<br />
Where do we find lighting specifiers?<br />
The most obvious lighting<br />
specifier group are independent<br />
lighting consultants. The majority of<br />
the lighting consultants in the U.S.<br />
reside on the east and the west<br />
coasts, and they typically belong to<br />
the professional organization of<br />
International Association of Lighting<br />
Designers (IALD), an international<br />
lighting specifier group of<br />
about 700+ members.<br />
There are also many larger architecture/interior<br />
design/engineering<br />
(AIE or AEI) firms across the<br />
country who have their own inhouse<br />
lighting staff. These lighting<br />
staffs are often part of the electrical<br />
or interior design departments.<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
SPECIFICATION SALES<br />
STRATEGIES<br />
We can also find lighting specifiers<br />
within the many engineering<br />
consulting firms as well.<br />
An architectural or interior design<br />
firm without an in-house lighting<br />
staff will often have their project<br />
team appoint one of the team members<br />
to do the lighting for the project<br />
if there is no budget for hiring<br />
an independent lighting consultant.<br />
In a worst-case scenario, the lighting<br />
design can often end up being<br />
performed by either the project<br />
electrical engineer, or sometimes<br />
by the luminaire representative or<br />
the manufacturer’s direct sales person.<br />
This is a situation that is difficult<br />
for all, since most sales representatives<br />
would prefer to assist<br />
with the specification efforts, but<br />
do not wish to be the designers.<br />
Another specifier group with a<br />
major influence on lighting specification<br />
and sales are the facility<br />
managers of large corporations,<br />
retailers and institutions. These inhouse<br />
specifiers can be very powerful<br />
because of their direct control<br />
over buying decisions. In<br />
recent years, many lighting manufacturers<br />
have directed their attention<br />
to this group. However, it is<br />
very important to understand most<br />
of these facility managers — if not<br />
all — hire outside consultants for<br />
major projects or for the entire<br />
actual design specification work<br />
because they don’t often have the<br />
in-house staff. In fact, because of<br />
corporate downsizing, they are<br />
doing less of the design/specification<br />
in-house today. Therefore, it is<br />
important for sales people to call<br />
on both the independent lighting<br />
specifiers, as well as the in-house<br />
facility specifiers.<br />
All the lighting specifiers we have<br />
discussed are very different people<br />
with different likes, concerns and<br />
needs. For example, the architect is<br />
more concerned about the aesthetic<br />
quality of the architectural space<br />
and how the different spaces interact<br />
with each other.<br />
It is important to the architect<br />
that the lighting product complement<br />
the architectural design. An<br />
engineer, on the other hand, is more<br />
concerned about the quantity<br />
aspects of the design, such as the<br />
quantity of light the luminaires provide,<br />
and the light distribution pattern.<br />
An interior designer is typically<br />
more concerned about how the<br />
lighting product looks in the space<br />
— especially the color and finish of<br />
the product.<br />
This does not mean that an architect<br />
would not be concerned about<br />
the quantity aspect of a design, or<br />
that the engineer is not concerned<br />
about the quality aspect of the<br />
design. However, as different professionals,<br />
they have different primary<br />
concerns. As a specification<br />
sales person, if you have a product<br />
that you want to sell to all these different<br />
people, you need to address<br />
the different groups accordingly.<br />
This includes the way you present<br />
your sales pitch, relate to them and<br />
the materials you provide for<br />
accomplishing the specification<br />
work. This is no easy task.<br />
Li Huang<br />
Principal,<br />
FTC
Willard L.<br />
Warren,<br />
PE, LC,<br />
FIESNA<br />
Have you noticed that you use<br />
the last quarter-tank of gas in<br />
your car much faster than the<br />
first quarter. That’s because the<br />
gas gauge in your car is not a linear<br />
device, nor is your gas tank shaped<br />
ENERGY<br />
CONCERNS<br />
so that the volume of the tank is<br />
proportional to its height.<br />
Can you get a perfect piece of<br />
toast by depending on the darkness<br />
lever of a toaster?<br />
Very few measuring devices are<br />
linear. Perhaps the worst of all is the<br />
human eye.<br />
Do you remember the experiment<br />
in high school physics where you<br />
moved a light meter away from a<br />
point source of light to demonstrate<br />
that illumination varies as the<br />
inverse square of the distance?<br />
Well, the same test apparatus is<br />
used in experimental psychology,<br />
where observers are asked to move<br />
a frosted glass panel away from the<br />
point source until the brightness<br />
drops to half its original value.<br />
Everyone moves the panel twice<br />
the distance away — where the<br />
brightness has fallen to one-quarter,<br />
not one-half.<br />
Perception is influenced by psychology,<br />
and there are very few<br />
straight line relationships in our<br />
sense of vision and brightness.<br />
There is the classic case of “Big<br />
Brother is Watching” that skewed<br />
the Hawthorne Experiment many<br />
years ago, where workers increased<br />
production under lower levels of illumination<br />
when they thought they<br />
were being tested.<br />
The result of the California energy<br />
crisis may put us all to the test<br />
pretty soon. By being the canary in<br />
the mine, the California governor,<br />
legislature, energy commission, the<br />
public service commission and the<br />
utilities have demonstrated the<br />
fable of the blind men and the elephant.<br />
Each party perceives the<br />
task from a different perspective,<br />
and the true picture is not what you<br />
see, just like the gas gauge.<br />
One of the other problems in<br />
California was, while the utilities<br />
were being compensated for their<br />
stranded costs, when forced to sell<br />
their outmoded generating plants,<br />
they could not raise rates. But their<br />
costs for power soared, sticking<br />
them with debts that now threaten<br />
to bankrupt them if not addressed<br />
politically. But the citizenry in<br />
California, with capped rates has no<br />
incentive to conserve energy — so<br />
they don’t.<br />
By contrast, in New York, many<br />
residents in co-ops and condos pay<br />
for their electricity based upon the<br />
size of their apartments, not their<br />
usage of electricity. When co-op<br />
boards decide to meter apartments<br />
individually, electric bills decrease a<br />
guaranteed minimum of 25 percent.<br />
Businesses have a tougher time<br />
Utility<br />
executives<br />
I’ve spoken to<br />
realize that<br />
lighting energy<br />
conservation<br />
is essential for any<br />
comprehensive<br />
energy policy<br />
to succeed.<br />
conserving lighting energy,<br />
because some employees complain<br />
that working under lower<br />
lighting levels reduces their ability<br />
to work efficiently. Many business<br />
owners justify including eye care in<br />
health insurance plans to ensure<br />
the eyesight of their employees is<br />
properly corrected, at no cost to<br />
the workers. If only they would use<br />
that same reasoning to improve<br />
“seeing” conditions.<br />
I vividly recall doing a lighting<br />
retrofit in a state office building several<br />
years ago, where we were able<br />
to cut the load in half, yet increase<br />
the illumination level by replacing<br />
T12 lamps with half the number of<br />
T8s, inserting new specular reflectors,<br />
and louvers and electronic ballasts<br />
in all the lighting luminaires.<br />
One worker, coming back after a<br />
vacation, complained that we had<br />
cut the illumination level too much,<br />
when in fact, we hadn’t gotten to<br />
that office yet. Another worker<br />
brought in a halogen torchiere, after<br />
the lighting was improved, to<br />
demonstrate that we had taken<br />
something away (wattage) without<br />
due compensation<br />
Utility executives I’ve spoken to<br />
realize that lighting energy conservation<br />
is essential for any comprehensive<br />
energy policy to succeed.<br />
I like to make predictions so that I<br />
have an incentive to hang around<br />
long after my contemporaries have<br />
retired and prove how smart I am.<br />
(Of course if I’m wrong, you’ll<br />
never hear it from me.) That’s why<br />
I predict that DSM-type lighting<br />
energy conservation plans are<br />
coming back.<br />
But technologically, we’re at the<br />
point now where we can dim lighting<br />
from a central command, on-site<br />
or off, to repond to the need for<br />
energy curtailment without anyone<br />
noticing and without any reduction<br />
in worker efficiency. Also, as the<br />
cost of power increases — as it<br />
inevitably will — it becomes easier<br />
to justify the occupant controlled<br />
dimming of lighting on an economic<br />
basis.<br />
We keep forgetting that perception<br />
depends upon task contrast,<br />
glare, eyesight, time, volumetric<br />
brightness and the size of the task,<br />
much more than it does on the illumination<br />
level. I just wish that we<br />
could do as good a job improving<br />
printed tasks and work place<br />
ambiance as the PC monitor manufacturers<br />
have done in improving<br />
their screens.<br />
Remember, eyesight does not<br />
have a linear relationship with illumination<br />
level, just like your gas<br />
gauge. Less (light) can be More<br />
(revealing) with proper attention to<br />
the other factors involved in seeing.<br />
The objective of visibility is to get<br />
more information from the field of<br />
view, not to increase the lighting<br />
level and expend more energy.<br />
12 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
What do the the Kimbell Art<br />
Museum, Lincoln Center<br />
and the Seagram Building,<br />
have in common? The answer is<br />
that all of these masterpieces of<br />
ESSAY<br />
BY INVITATION<br />
Fred<br />
Oberkircher,<br />
IALD, IESNA,<br />
LC<br />
20th century architecture owe their<br />
lighting design to Richard Kelly.<br />
Arguably, one of the founders of the<br />
lighting design profession, Kelly’s<br />
contributions have largely been hidden<br />
in the shadows of his most<br />
notable collaborators: Louis Kahn,<br />
Philip Johnson, I.M. Pei, John<br />
Portman and Eero Saarinen.<br />
So integrated were Kelly’s<br />
efforts; and so seamless the blend<br />
of architecture and lighting that<br />
we tend to think of these architects<br />
as masters of light themselves,<br />
and miss the significance<br />
of Kelly’s contributions. Purveyors<br />
of architectural history will find<br />
numerous books concerning the<br />
works of Kahn, Johnson, and<br />
Saarinen; but, to date, not a single<br />
book exists on the long and distinguished<br />
history of Richard Kelly.<br />
In an effort to provide the public<br />
with an opportunity to enter<br />
the realm of lighting design,<br />
become acquainted with the legacy<br />
of Richard Kelly, and to display<br />
the breadth of his creative genius<br />
in a museum quality setting; the<br />
New York Section of the IESNA<br />
funded the creation of an exhibit<br />
in 1993.<br />
Curated by Renee Cooley and<br />
Matthew Tanteri, the exhibit was<br />
developed after an exhaustive<br />
review of Kelly’s voluminous<br />
papers and archives. Thirty-six<br />
works were eventually selected,<br />
ranging from original pencil sketches<br />
to daylight pattern simulations.<br />
An article entitled “The Great<br />
Illuminator,” written by Philip<br />
Cialdella and Carla Powell that discussed<br />
Kelly’s contributions, as<br />
well as the exhibit appeared in the<br />
May 1993 edition of LD+A.<br />
The exhibit was initially shown in<br />
the offices of Haines Lundberg<br />
Waehler, New York, in 1993. Subsequently,<br />
the exhibit was displayed<br />
twice to coincide with LIGHTFAIR<br />
INTERNATIONAL in New York.<br />
The Key Elements<br />
In the exhibit, a brief biography is<br />
followed by Kelly’s philosophy highlighted<br />
by his lighting trilogy: Focal<br />
Glow, Ambient Luminescence, and<br />
The Play of Brilliants. Possibly no<br />
other aspect of Kelly’s work has<br />
been more widely quoted and referenced<br />
as the lighting trilogy. Initially<br />
published in 1955, the trilogy has<br />
remained fresh, providing inspiration<br />
for succeeding generations of<br />
aspiring lighting designers.<br />
Most recently the trilogy has<br />
been quoted by lighting designer<br />
Gary Gordon and professor Marietta<br />
Millet in their books: Interior<br />
Lighting for Designers and Light<br />
Revealing Architecture.<br />
A series of drawings — pencil<br />
sketches, color drawings and mechanical<br />
drawings — all combine to<br />
demonstrate both the science and<br />
the artistry of Kelly’s early investigations<br />
into portable lighting luminaire<br />
design. One drawing illustrates<br />
a full-size section of a floor<br />
lamp, which is now in the permanent<br />
collection of the Metropolitan<br />
Museum of Art.<br />
The series on the Wireless<br />
Chandelier designed for the Barbizon<br />
Plaza Hotel in New York,<br />
1955, foreshadowed the entire<br />
low-voltage cable lighting industry.<br />
The 192 lamps in this 12 ft<br />
diameter chandelier were powered<br />
through the tensile tubes<br />
themselves, with no wires in the<br />
entire luminaire. The intricacy of<br />
the structure also demonstrates<br />
the genius of the long-term collaborative<br />
efforts between Kelly<br />
and the luminaire manufacturer<br />
Edison Price.<br />
Another series deals with<br />
Kelly’s association with Philip<br />
Johnson and Ludwig Mies van der<br />
Rohe as they explored the use of<br />
14 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
glass in architecture. The transient<br />
nature of glass — at one<br />
time transparent, at another<br />
opaque — served to provide new<br />
opportunities and challenges to<br />
both architect and lighting designer.<br />
Kelly’s solutions were to have a<br />
profound impact on the success of<br />
the ultimate designs of such well<br />
know buildings as Jonhson’s Glass<br />
House and van der Rohe’s<br />
Seagram Building. It is unfortunate<br />
that, in many cases, the integration<br />
that made these designs<br />
so appropriate has been ignored,<br />
leaving both architecture and<br />
lighting disadvantaged.<br />
The exhibit concludes with a<br />
series on the collaborative investigations<br />
into the use of controlled<br />
daylight in architecture between<br />
Kelly and Louis Kahn. In two of the<br />
last works by both designers, their<br />
collective genius is expressed in the<br />
Kimbell Art Museum and the Yale<br />
Center for British Art. Here, sunlight<br />
is used so successfully, that it<br />
becomes a master piece on par<br />
with the other works of art.<br />
In this series, artistic studies of<br />
forms and details share center<br />
stage with the work of a fledging<br />
tool — the computer. One panel displays<br />
a computer printout by an<br />
engineer, Issac Goodbar, who had<br />
just created a program that calculated<br />
the precise angles of the sun<br />
— for two different ceiling forms.<br />
The better of the two is now known<br />
as the famous cycloid vault of the<br />
Kimbell Art Museum.<br />
The Exhibit Travels<br />
Given the quality of the Richard<br />
Kelly Exhibit and the potential of its<br />
contribution to lighting education,<br />
it seems inconceivable that the<br />
exhibit could languish in a warehouse,<br />
but such was the case.<br />
Originally conceived as a traveling<br />
exhibit, the display had remained in<br />
its specially designed crates since<br />
1997. In 1999, the TCU Center for<br />
Lighting Education formed an<br />
alliance with the IESNA and Tarrant<br />
Lighting to bring the exhibit to Fort<br />
Worth, Texas, home of the Kimbell<br />
Art Museum.<br />
Tarrant Lighting was able to<br />
secure funds through their association<br />
with Coooper Lighting and<br />
General Electric to underwrite the<br />
costs, and Texas Christian University<br />
provided the venue for displaying<br />
the exhibit. An educational<br />
brochure that originally accompanied<br />
the exhibit was reprinted and a<br />
Given<br />
the quality<br />
of the<br />
Richard Kelly<br />
Exhibit<br />
and the<br />
potential of its<br />
contribution to<br />
lighting education,<br />
it seems<br />
inconceivable<br />
that the exhibit<br />
could languish<br />
in a<br />
warehouse,<br />
but such was<br />
the case.<br />
poster was created to announce<br />
the event to the community.<br />
The 36 ft of display panels<br />
required for the exhibit were rented<br />
from a local company and fabric colors<br />
were selected to honor both the<br />
exhibit and TCU. Finally, a reception<br />
was promoted to provide a single<br />
event to bring together the lighting<br />
community to celebrate the twoweek<br />
exhibit.<br />
The impact of the Richard Kelly<br />
Exhibit cannot be overstated.<br />
Design and lighting students spent<br />
hours studying the various works,<br />
often times bringing questions<br />
back to faculty before returning to<br />
the exhibit. The University community,<br />
students, faculty and administrators<br />
were able to view the exhibit<br />
and were impacted by both its<br />
quality and the eloquent manner in<br />
which it conveyed the importance<br />
of light. The Metroplex lighting<br />
community came to educate themselves<br />
and also brought clients<br />
and customers as a way of speaking<br />
about the role of lighting. And,<br />
finally, the brochure itself has<br />
become a way of educating people<br />
about the value of light in the built<br />
environment — without being promotional<br />
to a particular company<br />
or product.<br />
As this article is written, the<br />
Richard Kelly Exhibit has returned<br />
to its warehouse; awaiting a call<br />
to the IESNA office requesting<br />
another journey.<br />
It is my hope that this article will<br />
infuse others with the incentive to<br />
be the next stop. We often talk<br />
about the need for more and better<br />
lighting education. The Richard<br />
Kelly Exhibit provides an opportunity<br />
to see lighting at its very best. I<br />
look forward to the day when the<br />
exhibit’s reservation list stretches<br />
long into the future.<br />
Fred Oberkircher, IALD, IESNA,<br />
LC, is an associate professor and<br />
director of the TCU Center for<br />
Lighting Education. The Center is<br />
part of the Department of Design,<br />
Merchandising & Textiles at<br />
Texas Christian University in Fort<br />
Worth, Texas. He is the president<br />
of the West Texas Section of the<br />
IESNA and serves as Director on<br />
the IESNA Board. He has participated<br />
in numerous IESNA educational<br />
courses at the local and<br />
regional level, and currently<br />
serves as president of the IALD<br />
Education Trust. Additionally, he<br />
has been part of the development<br />
team for the NCQLP Exam, currently<br />
serving as chair of the<br />
Simulation Committee.<br />
16 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
“This ‘telephone’ has too many<br />
shortcomings to be seriously considered<br />
as a means of communication.<br />
The device is inherently of<br />
no value to us.”<br />
—Western Union<br />
internal memo, 1876<br />
WORKING<br />
WITH THE WEB<br />
Brian Cronin,<br />
Director of<br />
Business<br />
Development,<br />
Planetmouse,<br />
Inc.<br />
Evolution is a wonderful thing.<br />
Homo Sapiens have come a<br />
long way since the days when<br />
cave painting, drum thumping and<br />
smoke signaling represented stateof-the-art<br />
communications. Today,<br />
the devices connecting us to the<br />
rest of our global tribe function a bit<br />
differently.<br />
In this month’s column, we examine<br />
one of the more popular options<br />
for communicating online: email.<br />
Due to its tremendous speed and<br />
widespread reach, email and other<br />
forms of electronic communication<br />
have all but replaced paper-based<br />
interchange. Since the response<br />
time can be immediate, email is<br />
much less formal than traditional<br />
paper-based media.<br />
Getting Connected<br />
Most organizations now rely on<br />
email and its web-based relatives to<br />
provide much of the day-to-day interaction<br />
between employees, suppliers<br />
and customers. Embracing interactivity<br />
is not only necessary to<br />
remain competitive, but for survival<br />
as well. Fortunately, there are email<br />
options to address the needs of any<br />
type of user. Creating a basic interactive<br />
presence requires minimal<br />
effort, experience and expense.<br />
Let’s take a look at some specific<br />
scenarios and their email solutions:<br />
Q. Is email service included<br />
when I set up a website?<br />
When you create a website and<br />
hire an Internet Service Provider<br />
(ISP) to host it, email is almost<br />
always included with the package.<br />
Basically, a host rents out space on<br />
a server, which includes access to<br />
the site residing in that space. This<br />
includes access for you to revise<br />
site content, for visitors to reach<br />
the site via the web and for two-way<br />
email communication. It allows<br />
your email address to reflect your<br />
website address (URL), as in<br />
cmburns@springfieldpower.com<br />
Q. What if I don’t have a website?<br />
How can I quickly establish<br />
an email account?<br />
It really depends on the level of<br />
service you want. For most email<br />
options, all you need is access to a<br />
computer, or other device, that is<br />
connected to the Internet. Other<br />
Fortunately,<br />
there are<br />
email options<br />
to address<br />
the needs of<br />
any type<br />
of user<br />
devices that provide web connections<br />
include handheld PDAs, Internet<br />
appliances and digital wireless<br />
phones. Some people use email<br />
everyday without having their own<br />
computer, by going online at work,<br />
in libraries or even coffee shops.<br />
The most common way to connect,<br />
however, is through an ISP.<br />
You sign up, pay a monthly access<br />
fee and you are ready to go. An<br />
email account is provided free-ofchange,<br />
allowing you to set up one<br />
or more email addresses.<br />
Companies like America Online<br />
(www.aol.com), Earthlink (www.<br />
earthlink.com), and AT&T World-<br />
Net Service (http://download.<br />
att.net/partners/) provide ubiquitous<br />
Internet access.<br />
There are a number of regional<br />
ISPs to choose from, but you might<br />
have trouble accessing your account<br />
when outside the geographic<br />
areas they cover. You almost certainly<br />
would be liable for any long<br />
distance calling charges, if you<br />
dialed in directly (see below).<br />
Q. I don’t have a website or a<br />
monthly web account with an ISP,<br />
but I do have access to the Internet.<br />
What are my options for<br />
setting up an email account?<br />
It is very easy to set up an email<br />
account without a monthly ISP subscription.<br />
You do not even need your<br />
own computer; just access to a<br />
web-connection. You can establish<br />
email accounts and addresses with<br />
a Web-Based Email service. Webbased<br />
email services allow you to<br />
send and retrieve email via a your<br />
web browser (like Netscape<br />
Navigator or Microsoft Explorer)<br />
from any web-connected terminal.<br />
You enter the provider’s website,<br />
set up an account and log in with<br />
your user name and password. The<br />
email provider stores all of your<br />
messages for you and usually provides<br />
added services, such as<br />
space to store files, online spellcheckers,<br />
personal address books<br />
and distribution lists. As a tradeoff,<br />
though, you may be subjected to<br />
banner ads during throughout the<br />
session.<br />
Microsoft’s Hotmail (www.<br />
hotmail.com) and Yahoo (http://<br />
mail.yahoo.com) are two of the<br />
more popular email services that do<br />
not require an Internet Service<br />
Provider (ISP) agreement and are<br />
available to users at no cost.<br />
Q. I have Internet access via a<br />
monthly ISP subscription, but cannot<br />
access my email account<br />
from outside my geographic area.<br />
Is there any way to access my<br />
mailbox?<br />
You can often access a regional<br />
ISP-based email account through<br />
a POP Mailbox. POP Mail: POP<br />
(point-of-presence) is what ISPs<br />
commonly offer, so you probably<br />
have at least one POP mail<br />
account. POP Mail services store<br />
your email messages on a remote<br />
server until you are ready to collect<br />
them. You can connect to the<br />
server at any time and download<br />
your mail onto your computer.<br />
Once you download the messages,<br />
they are deleted from the server<br />
and stored on your PC.<br />
Unfortunately, if you have a<br />
regional ISP provider, you may be<br />
unable to dial into your mailbox<br />
from outside a certain geographic<br />
area or area code. However, you<br />
18 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
should be able to dial-in with a secondary<br />
POP mail account. POP<br />
mail is what ISPs commonly offer,<br />
so you probably have at least one<br />
POP mail account.<br />
I dealt with this issue a few years<br />
ago. My ISP was a regional telecom<br />
company and I was unable to<br />
access my account from certain<br />
parts of the country. I was directed<br />
by my ISP to a secondary POP service.<br />
The site allowed me to access<br />
my primary account from any webconnected<br />
computer on the planet.<br />
I now use a secondary POP service<br />
called Webbox (www.webbox.<br />
com) on a daily basis, for a whopping<br />
six dollars a year. Not only can<br />
I access my existing email<br />
accounts and check for new messages,<br />
but I can files (up to a total<br />
of 20 megabytes) but also access,<br />
revise and forward any some files I<br />
have uploaded (up to 20 MB) to my<br />
account. Another way to access an<br />
existing email account is through a<br />
site called Readmail (www.<br />
readmail.com).<br />
Q. I want an email address that<br />
I can use on promotional material<br />
and give out to clients and associates.<br />
Is it possible to set up a<br />
permanent, dependable email<br />
account that I can rely on, even if<br />
I change my ISP?<br />
You can set up a reliable email<br />
address using a Mail Forwarding<br />
(MF) service: This service automatically<br />
redirects messages sent to<br />
one email address to an existing<br />
email address, which is required<br />
when using a forwarding service.<br />
Think of it as a P.O. Box at the post<br />
office: Even if you move, you can<br />
still access your mail. This way, if<br />
you change your ISP, you can easily<br />
make the change with your MF<br />
account, and it will automatically<br />
be redirected. Forwarding services<br />
also let you choose a memorable,<br />
distinctive name. I currently use an<br />
MF called Bigfoot (www.bigfoot.<br />
com). The sender is only aware of<br />
the “Bigfoot” address, not my main<br />
email address, allowing me to<br />
change primary email accounts at<br />
will. Another MF provider is<br />
NetForward (www.netforward.<br />
com).<br />
Most of us are aware of the<br />
essential role that email plays in<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
our day-to-day communication. As<br />
this column only scratched the<br />
surface of email’s functionality, I<br />
will undoubtedly revisit the subject<br />
in greater detail down the<br />
road. In the meantime, feel free to<br />
shoot me an email (brian@<br />
planetmouse.com), or contact us<br />
via the LD+A Questionnaire on our<br />
website (www.planetmouse.<br />
com/light).<br />
Brian Cronin works with Planetmouse,<br />
Inc. — an Interactive consulting<br />
and development firm<br />
based in New York. Planetmouse<br />
is a team of developers, designers<br />
and strategists who provide<br />
Interactive business solutions and<br />
web-based design for a wide<br />
range of clients. You can learn<br />
more about Planetmouse by visiting<br />
www.planetmouse.com
You are a creative genius. Your<br />
creative genius is so accomplished<br />
that it appears, to<br />
you and to others, as effortless.<br />
Yet, it far outstrips the most valiant<br />
efforts of today’s fastest supercomputers.<br />
To invoke it, you need only<br />
to open your eyes. 1<br />
All too often, the human viewer<br />
— with all of his strengths and<br />
shortcomings — is overlooked<br />
when the scene is lighted. Vision<br />
has three components: light, the<br />
VIEWS ON THE<br />
VISUAL<br />
ENVIRONMENT<br />
Louis<br />
Erhardt<br />
stimulus for vision; the scene being<br />
viewed; and the eye, the gateway to<br />
understanding what is seen.<br />
“One of the most useful operations<br />
in any sensing system, natural<br />
or artificial, is a running normalization.<br />
In psychology, it is called adaptation;<br />
in engineering, it is automatic<br />
gain control. The idea is to adjust<br />
the sensitivity to the average level<br />
of input, so that all changes are<br />
made to lie in the same limited<br />
dynamic range.” 2<br />
Adaptation is the cornerstone of<br />
vision. The field of view is always<br />
less than the total surround. When<br />
such fields are evaluated, adaptation<br />
may be greater or less than the<br />
overall average, and luminances will<br />
be non-uniform. But, uniform or not,<br />
the weighted luminances (luminance<br />
x area) determine the adaptation<br />
if one’s directed attention<br />
moves about. If fixed on one area, as<br />
a draftsmen’s concentration on his<br />
work, adaptation may take on the<br />
higher adaption of that view, “near<br />
the object of regard — very roughly<br />
within about 10 degrees of it.” 3<br />
“The adaptability to the enormous<br />
range of intensity of illumination,<br />
which we meet in nature, is<br />
secured: 1) by changing the opening<br />
and thereby the amount of light<br />
admitted to the eye, by contracting<br />
or opening the pupil; 2) by the<br />
fatigue of the optic nerves (exposed<br />
to high intensity of illumination, the<br />
nerves become less sensitive, while<br />
at low intensity they rest, and thus<br />
become more sensitive); and 3) by<br />
the logarithmic law of sensation.<br />
The impression made on our senses,<br />
eye, ear, etc., is not proportional<br />
to the energy which produces the<br />
sensation, that is, the intensity of<br />
the light, the sound, etc., but is<br />
approximately proportional to the<br />
logarithm. 4<br />
Adaptation<br />
is the<br />
cornerstone<br />
of vision.<br />
The field of view<br />
is always<br />
less than the<br />
total surround.<br />
Visual benefits of adapation may<br />
be impaired if glare occurs. “Glare is<br />
the sensation produced by luminances<br />
within the visual field that<br />
are sufficiently greater than the<br />
luminance to which the eyes are<br />
adapted to cause annoyance, discomfort<br />
or loss in visual performance<br />
or visibility.” 5<br />
Consideration of glare can only<br />
confuse the determination of adaptation<br />
so it will not be pursued. It is<br />
assumed that no excessive brightnesses<br />
are in the field of view.<br />
“Human vision is duplex; man is<br />
in the fortunate position of having<br />
both photopic and scotopic vision<br />
[and all adaptations between].” 6<br />
Sensitivities to acuity, color,<br />
contrast and motion, all vary as<br />
the adaptation changes. A given<br />
luminance will be seen as differing<br />
brightnesses as adaptation<br />
changes.<br />
Light, the stimulus for vision, is<br />
also electromagnetic energy. As<br />
energy, it can be measured in candelas<br />
per steradian or lumens per<br />
W. Light for vision has no measure,<br />
but can be judged one area to<br />
another. The eye is an excellent<br />
comparator.<br />
When an object first appears, it is<br />
threshold detection, when it has<br />
greater size or contrast, it becomes<br />
sensation, and when it is recognized,<br />
it is perception.<br />
What we read into strange unfamiliar<br />
shapes depends upon images<br />
stored in memory. An excellent<br />
example by the Canadian artist,<br />
Ruth Kohler, 7 is a weird blotch of<br />
black on white. If one’s mind<br />
regards it as a snow scene, the<br />
shape becomes shadows of a farm<br />
building. The process is a progression<br />
from sensation to perception.<br />
Judgments of subjective properties<br />
are just that — judgments that<br />
are never absolute, but vary with<br />
the attitude and experience of the<br />
observer.<br />
The beauty of our ever changing<br />
natural surroundings, including the<br />
sun and the sky, influences our planning<br />
of lighting designs. The sun<br />
changes direction; color is modified<br />
continuously by rain, snow, fog,<br />
clouds and a host of other factors.<br />
Natural variations are infinite in<br />
number.<br />
Contrast as a visual sensation of<br />
a difference in brightness, is often<br />
defined by the equation: C =<br />
L o – L b )/L b , where C is constant, L<br />
is luminance. Regrettably, there are<br />
several alternate forms of this equation,<br />
which generate other results.<br />
Luminance is the photometric from<br />
which the sensation of brightness is<br />
obtained. A light object against a<br />
dark background is deemed a positive<br />
contrast; dark object on a light<br />
background, a negative contrast.<br />
Pereception of an object, represented<br />
by contrast, is often an immediate<br />
response by the average individual.<br />
Parry Moon said, “It is a canon of<br />
physics that a concept shall not be<br />
defined in more than one way,” and<br />
added, “The trouble is fundamental,<br />
is inherent in the very fact that sensation<br />
does not reside in the world<br />
of physics and thus, cannot be<br />
treated as a physical quantity.” 8<br />
Fully diffusing surfaces show no<br />
highlights, but do exhibit lightness<br />
differences, which in color are<br />
called tints and shades.<br />
20 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
By emphasizing points of interest,<br />
suppressing unimportant<br />
details, and composing the visual<br />
elements, a design may deliver its<br />
message more swiftly, accurately<br />
and forcefully.<br />
Some open questions: Do we see<br />
in two dimensions and create the<br />
third as a mental construct? If the<br />
eyes are blind when the eye<br />
changes its foveal concentration,<br />
do we not always see a static twodimensional<br />
image? Isn’t our percept<br />
of motion derived from sequential<br />
static images? Wouldn’t blur<br />
result if we could actually “see”<br />
motion?<br />
There is no more appropriate way<br />
to conclude this discussion of vision<br />
and the resulting sensation than to<br />
quote, “From the point of view of<br />
behavior, a specification of what a<br />
subject does when he analyzes<br />
‘sensation,’ and what he does when<br />
he perceives is not now available.” 9<br />
2. Brou, Phillippe, et al. Scientific<br />
American.<br />
3. Waldram, J.M. “Studies in<br />
Interior Lighting.” IES. Vol. 19. No.<br />
4. 1954<br />
4. Steinmetz, Charles P. “Radiation,<br />
Light and Illumination.” Mc-<br />
Graw-Hill. 1918.<br />
5. “American National Standard/IES<br />
RP-16.” <strong>Illuminating</strong><br />
<strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>Society</strong> of North<br />
America, 1985.<br />
6. “Encyclopedia of Science and<br />
Technology.” McGraw-Hill. New<br />
York. 1971.<br />
7. Erhardt, L. “Views on the<br />
Visual Environment.” LD+A. June,<br />
1986.<br />
8. Moon, Parry. “Scientific Basis<br />
of <strong>Illuminating</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong>.” Mc-<br />
Graw-Hill. New York. 1936.<br />
9. Wolman, Benjamin B. “Handbook<br />
of General Psychology.” Prentice-Hall.<br />
New Jersey. 1973.<br />
Do we<br />
see in<br />
two<br />
dimensions<br />
and<br />
create the<br />
third as a<br />
mental<br />
construct?<br />
I offer: Sensation occurs when the<br />
stimulus is strong enough to pass<br />
the absolute threshold of response,<br />
but no strong enough to initiate the<br />
process of perception, i.e., to<br />
engage the mind, which will be the<br />
subject of our next discussion.<br />
References<br />
1. Hoffman, Donald D. “Visual<br />
Intelligence.” W.W. Norton. New<br />
York.<br />
www.iesna.org
Iread Kimberley Szinger’s column<br />
in the February edition of LD+A<br />
with interest. I agree with her<br />
that volunteering is an untapped<br />
resource that we don’t fully appreciate.<br />
Take me for instance.<br />
REGIONAL<br />
VOICES<br />
Jeffrey Davis,<br />
Northwest<br />
Region RVP<br />
After working in this industry for<br />
20 years, I knew little or nothing<br />
about the IESNA. When our region<br />
was hosting the bi-regional conference<br />
in 1991, the Board was having<br />
a hard time getting volunteers from<br />
the section to help in the administration<br />
of the conference.<br />
The then-president, who was a<br />
friend of mine, asked me whether<br />
I would consider lending some<br />
time and energy. It seemed like a<br />
good opportunity for me to work<br />
with people I had known and/or<br />
worked with in the past who knew<br />
what I had to offer. By the time<br />
the conference started, I was a<br />
new member of IESNA.<br />
We often talk about the importance<br />
of retaining membership. I<br />
believe expanding membership<br />
should be just as important. Asking<br />
people to volunteer when they are<br />
not current members is a great way<br />
to gain new members. As in my<br />
case, it’s a win-win situation: They<br />
can make a valuable contribution to<br />
their local section while they sharpen<br />
their own gifts and skills. In other<br />
words, IESNA benefits from the volunteer’s<br />
expertise, and the volunteer<br />
returns to the workplace<br />
empowered with the most recent<br />
developments in the field.<br />
IESNA has enhanced my career<br />
by providing a variety of opportunities.<br />
If we can communicate this<br />
message to our colleagues who are<br />
not yet members we will be able to<br />
expand our arena of influence and<br />
our membership.<br />
The benefits of volunteering do<br />
more than simply enhance the<br />
<strong>Society</strong> or one’s career; volunteers<br />
help others realize their potential. I<br />
am grateful for the members who<br />
took the time to not only encourage<br />
me, but to mentor me as well. It<br />
was through the help of others that<br />
I came to see how my contribution<br />
could make a difference in my section.<br />
Because of the individuals who<br />
were willing to give me some of<br />
their time and attention, I have<br />
been able to serve on the Board of<br />
Managers, as treasurer, as vicepresident<br />
and as president. The<br />
Asking<br />
people to<br />
volunteer<br />
when they<br />
are not<br />
current members<br />
is a<br />
great way<br />
to gain<br />
new members.<br />
simple act of asking for my help on<br />
one project and then giving me confidence<br />
and experience has resulted<br />
in my being able to make an<br />
impact on both the regional level,<br />
and now the international level as<br />
regional vice-president.<br />
I would like to take this opportunity<br />
to express thanks to my region,<br />
particularly, my regional chairs.<br />
As we go through seasons in our<br />
careers, we also going through new<br />
seasons in our lives. My father, who<br />
is very close to me, has been seriously<br />
ill these last few months and<br />
I have had less time to serve my<br />
region. These members have<br />
stepped up their efforts and taken<br />
much of the burden from my shoulders,<br />
whether they realize it or not.<br />
This is what being a part of and<br />
serving with others in IESNA is all<br />
about: making new friends and<br />
sharing in their professional lives<br />
and beyond.<br />
22 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
P H O T O N S<br />
NOTES ON LIGHTING DESIGN<br />
Ballasts for<br />
Barristers<br />
Whether you’re part of a pit crew<br />
for a Formula 1 racing team, or a set<br />
designer for the Hollywood film industry,<br />
the element of a “team atmosphere”<br />
is always essential to accomplishing<br />
any task. Since 1954, the<br />
law firm of Newton, Kastner & Remmel<br />
has been an example of this<br />
team-first attitude.<br />
Located in Mountain View, Calif., the<br />
firm has advised Silicon Valley executives<br />
and local, national and international<br />
companies on a wide range of<br />
legal issues, including stock options,<br />
labor law, environmental issues and<br />
individual compensation.<br />
The legal rating service of Martindale-Hubbell<br />
has consistently awarded<br />
the firm the highest possible rating for skill and integrity. It only seemed logical for the office surroundings to be worthy of the<br />
same level of praise and recognition, both for its functionality and its appearance.<br />
“Since our award-winning building was built in 1986, a variety of fluorescent lamps had been used to re-lamp office space,”<br />
said Stephen Newton, founding partner. “This created a hodge-podge look and resulted in problems when lamps needed replacement.<br />
So, we decided to standardize the whole lighting system and began a study of existing lighting technology.”<br />
Newton teamed with his lighting maintenance contractor. Tadco Supply, San Jose, Calif., and decided to install a new<br />
electronic fluorescent lighting system. The new system includes 576 new 32 W T8 Fluorescent lamps and 260 new<br />
MagneTek Triad B232I120RH reduced harmonic electronic ballasts, which replaced the already existing fluorescent lamps<br />
and magnetic ballasts.<br />
Newton said the firm was looking for light quality that would enhance the facilities for the 12 attorneys and support staff, as<br />
well as be highly functional for prolonged periods of document review.<br />
Because of the time and research involved, many companies underestimate the savings generated from lighting system retrofits<br />
and upgrades. Most lighting upgrades can save approximately 50 cents per sq ft, per year, with an average payback of 2.5<br />
years. Lamp design, materials electronic ballasts<br />
and lighting control systems contribute<br />
to lighting efficiency, reliability and quality.<br />
With the use of electronic ballasts, the overall<br />
efficiency of the lighting system in the<br />
building is improved, on average, between 20<br />
and 40 percent.<br />
“The reaction of the partners and staff to<br />
the new lighting system has been very positive,”<br />
Newton said. “We decided to retrofit<br />
the tenant space on the first floor of the building<br />
with the same lamp/ballast package we<br />
used in our own offices.”<br />
—John-Michael Kobes<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
LD+A/April 2001 23
P H O T O N S<br />
NOTES ON LIGHTING DESIGN<br />
Six Fixtures Does It All<br />
Bateman Sossman Advertising Agency purchased a small office building,<br />
originally built in 1928, on the outskirts of downtown Memphis. The remodeling<br />
design of the interior of the building had to be extremely contemporary,<br />
to fit with clients’ expectations of the advertising product the company<br />
produces.<br />
However, each production employee has varied tasks to complete in one<br />
space, such as sketching, artistic design, copywriting both by hand and on<br />
a computer, and — of course — brainstorming new ideas and themes.<br />
Thus, the lighting design needed to also be flexible and functional.<br />
It was decided that track lighting would be the main lighting choice,<br />
with MR-16 fixtures of various types, plus chandeliers and cylinder softly<br />
lighting low footcandle areas, and PAR-30 downlights furnishing higher<br />
illumination levels. In offices on the second and basement floors, 2 x<br />
4 fluorescent with 3-T-6 cool white lamps were utilized. Some of the first<br />
floor executive offices also included downlights for the seating areas<br />
and track lights for bookshelves and desks.<br />
Overall, the lighting design for the entire building includes only six types of fixtures: track with MR-16 or 50W PAR-30<br />
lamps in open-type fixtures; downlights 4 in. in diameter, with 50 W PAR-20 lamps; 6 in. round cylinders, pendant-mounted,<br />
with 150 W A-23 lamps; louvered RLM type chandeliers with 4-tube PL fluorescent lamps in glass enclosures (self-ballasted)<br />
or 150 W A-23 lamps; under cabinet lights with white acrylic lens, 1 in. deep; and fluorescent 2 x 4 fixtures with<br />
3-T-6 cool white, 4 ft lamps<br />
The first floor of the building is devoted to the artistic staff, while the second floor houses<br />
the executive offices and a large conference room. A smaller conference room, offices<br />
and some storage areas are located in the basement.<br />
The first-floor lobby has pendant-mounted chandeliers in front of the reception desk, while<br />
the desk itself has track lighting mounted above it with MR-16 fixtures. All pendant-mounted<br />
fixtures throughout the first floor have their junction boxes and canopies mounted above<br />
the egg crate ceiling and painted black. The pendant itself is also painted black to just above<br />
the egg crate. Lighting track is surface-mounted on the bottom of the egg crate ceiling.<br />
Corridors on the first floor are illuminated to 28 fc with the chandeliers. Each occupant of<br />
the first floor offices has personalized his office to some degree by adding table or floor<br />
lamps and/or floor-mounted uplights. The lighting track is segmented and on dimmers. Thus,<br />
the office footcandle level varies as desired by the occupant.<br />
Two side corridors lead from the lobby to a working desk area where employees cut and<br />
paste ad mockups. The table is illuminated by a rectangular lighting track to 70 fc, while the<br />
surrounding area is illuminated to 30 fc by pendant-mounted cylinders.<br />
In the basement, there is a break room, which has a seating area illuminated to 30 fc<br />
by downlights. There are counters and cabinets with under cabinet lights on one wall,<br />
while the other wall has photographs showing ads and art work, illuminated by a lighting<br />
track with the PAR-30 fixtures.<br />
Next to the break room is a conference room, with<br />
downlights, chandeliers and lighting track. Down the hall<br />
from the break room is an archway with two wall<br />
sconces leading to a private office area. The hallways<br />
again have downlights, and the private offices have 2 x<br />
4 fluorescents providing 80 fc.<br />
In summary, it might seem that the selection of only<br />
six different lighting fixtures would lead to monotony,<br />
but a sense of lightness and airiness is evident<br />
throughout, due to careful placement and use of the<br />
fixtures. The lighting needs of both the creative and<br />
executive staff have been met, along with the added<br />
bonus of providing clients the impression of a “cutting<br />
edge” advertising agency.<br />
—Robert Puckett<br />
PHOTOS: ROBERT L. PUCKETT<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
LD+A/April 2001
P H O T O N S<br />
NOTES ON LIGHTING DESIGN<br />
Paradise by the Hubcap Light<br />
My father, Larry Maynard, inspired the NostalgaLite. He has a deep<br />
love of classic muscle cars, typical of Baby Boomers. He raised me<br />
with several cars in our garage and driveway, and my childhood was<br />
spent visiting cruise-ins and car shows. When I was very young, my<br />
father had a turquoise 1957 Chevy Bel-Aire convertible. Sadly, he sold<br />
the car and has regretted it ever since.<br />
Recently, I saw a 12-in. reflector awaiting a photometric test and<br />
immediately thought, “That’s just the size of a hubcap.” I called<br />
home and asked my father for a spare hubcap to a ’57 Chevy that<br />
could be used for an experiment. Luckily, he decided to part with one.<br />
I drew out several possibilities of how to light such an awkward piece of metal. Originally, I had wanted to make it a MR-<br />
16 fixture, but the question of heat and directionality of light output was a major factor. I acquired a large, two piece reflector<br />
with trim and optical assembly.<br />
The challenge was how to keep a heavy hubcap suspended below a recessed luminaire, while creating a lighting effect that<br />
was neither gaudy nor unnoticed. The “spinner” of the hubcap was removed and the center, plastic cap was removed and<br />
repainted. The center decal was cut out of the hubcap and 3 in. screws were placed through original holes drilled for the spinner.<br />
The spinner was then placed atop these screws creating an approximate<br />
3 in. gap between it and the hubcap with a hole that would allow<br />
light to filter through. The idea was to direct the light through this passage<br />
and to catch it in the warm red plastic cap inside the spinner. Oblong holes<br />
were also punched along the perimeter of the hubcap face to allow accent<br />
light to spill through and highlight the curves of its design.<br />
An H.I.D. 12 in. diameter downlight luminaire was used and converted<br />
to a 42 W, triple tube compact fluorescent with electronic ballast. This particular<br />
light provided low heat, and a soft, even glow through the perforations<br />
in the hubcap. A red acrylic prismatic reflector was then envisioned<br />
as a “non-lighting ‘mood’ element.”<br />
I imagined a red, almost neon effect casting a warm glow behind this<br />
hubcap. I knew, somehow, I wanted this piece to create a ring-like glow.<br />
The 12 in. reflector was pushed inside the 12 in. acrylic reflector of the<br />
downlight and the difference provided about a 3-in. ring extending<br />
beyond the fixture. Two holes were drilled into the acrylic reflector to allow spring clips to pass through. Spring clips were<br />
pop-riveted onto the inner face of the hubcap to provide a means of support.<br />
Once everything was assembled, the hubcap proved to be too heavy for the spring clips. Stronger springs were attached to<br />
each side of the luminaire, linking all of the spring hooks. This provided enough strength to hold the hubcap in place.<br />
When placed in the drop ceiling in a test environment, the NostalgaLite provided a warm glow with satisfactory results.<br />
Depending on the ambient lighting, the NostalgaLite can provide a deep red glow, or just merely a faint glow with light reflecting<br />
off of the shiny metal. When placed into the ceiling, the red reflector performed just as I had hoped it would. It formed a<br />
ring approximately 3 in. tall flush to the ceiling. The hubcap was<br />
attached to the bottom part of the ring. The effect was as if there<br />
was a small, neon light circling the decorative piece.<br />
After its debut, the fixture was then carefully wrapped in bubble<br />
pack and placed in a large bag. (The luminaire itself was too large<br />
to fit into any readily available boxes)<br />
My father unwrapped his NostalgaLite, Christmas morning,<br />
after months of wondering what I wanted with a hubcap. He was<br />
surprised to see it light up. He had expected to find a clock looking<br />
back at him. The NostalgaLite remained illuminated underneath<br />
the Christmas tree as the presents were being passed<br />
around to family.<br />
—Lori S. Maynard<br />
26 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
Lewin Named<br />
Man of the Year<br />
Ian Lewin, PhD, LC,<br />
past president of the<br />
IESNA, was awarded<br />
the 2001 Individual<br />
Achievement Award<br />
by Aerospace Lighting<br />
Institute (ALI).<br />
The honor is bestowed<br />
in recognition of Dr. Lewin’s<br />
lifetime of services in aerospace lighting<br />
and specifically for his work with<br />
the NASA Space Shuttle, the International<br />
Space Station, and the U.S.<br />
Air Force fighter plane projects. Lewin<br />
ILLUMINATING<br />
ENGINEERING<br />
SOCIETY<br />
NEWS<br />
VOLUME 31, NUMBER 4<br />
APRIL 2001<br />
is the president of Lighting Sciences,<br />
Inc, of Scottsdale, Ariz. Currently, he is<br />
the chairman of the IES Lamp Spectral<br />
Effects subcommittee. He holds the<br />
<strong>Society</strong>’s Distinguished Service Award,<br />
and he has been past chairman of the<br />
Testing Procedures and Roadway<br />
Lighting Committees. He received the<br />
1997 IESNA Medal Award, the <strong>Society</strong>’s<br />
highest honor. In his career, he<br />
has published more than 120 papers,<br />
and holds 22 patents.<br />
IESNA<br />
Calendar of Events<br />
April 22-24<br />
IESNA Southeastern Regional<br />
Conference<br />
Atlanta<br />
Website:<br />
www.iesgeorgia.org<br />
May 29-June 1<br />
LIGHTFAIR INTERNATIONAL<br />
Las Vegas<br />
Contact: AMC, Inc.<br />
404-220-2221/2215<br />
www.lightfair.com<br />
June 7-10<br />
IESNA Maritime Regional Conference<br />
Halifax, Canada<br />
Contact: Lee Hiltz • 902-484-3008<br />
June 20-23<br />
IESNA Northeastern Regional<br />
Conference<br />
(Beacon of Light)<br />
Boston<br />
Contact: Doreen Le May Madden<br />
dmadden@luxlightingdesign.com<br />
781-237-1989<br />
Members of the SALC committee gather in Phoenix, Ariz.<br />
IESNA SALC Committee Meets<br />
The IESNA Street and Area Lighting Committee met this past February over<br />
four days to both plan the upcoming SALC Conference and to hold its regular<br />
business meeting.<br />
The committee’s mission is to meet market challenges and customer<br />
expectations by promoting excellence in street and area lighting. Its goals<br />
are to provide a forum to exchange information on current lighting issues and<br />
to identify and disseminate marketing strategies, new technologies, and operational<br />
practices. The Full Committee met to re-evaluate its scope; reassign<br />
sub-committees and areas of responsibility; and lay the groundwork for future<br />
goals and objectives.<br />
One of the committee’s current goals is to produce an annual conference for<br />
outdoor lighting professionals. In its 20th year, the SALC Conference serves to<br />
bring together lighting specialists, program planners and marketing and utility<br />
customer service representatives with responsibility for outdoor lighting.<br />
Included are investor owned, municipal and public utility personnel as well as<br />
manufacturer’s representatives.<br />
continued on following page<br />
August 5-8<br />
2001 IESNA Annual Conference<br />
Ottawa, Canada<br />
Contact: Valerie Landers<br />
212-248-5000, ext. 117<br />
October 14-17<br />
IESNA Street & Area<br />
Lighting Conference<br />
Orlando<br />
Contact: Valerie Landers<br />
212-248-5000, ext. 117<br />
October 22-25<br />
IESNA Aviation Lighting Seminar<br />
San Diego<br />
Contact: Baljit Boparai<br />
609-821-7756<br />
baljit.boparai@flysfo.com<br />
www.iesalc.org<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
LD+A/April 2001 27
IESNA SALC Committee<br />
continued from previous page<br />
This year’s conference will be held in<br />
Orlando, at the Caribe Royale Resort<br />
Suites and Villas Hotel from October<br />
14-17, 2001. This conference is the<br />
only lighting forum that specifically<br />
serves the outdoor lighting market.<br />
The conference program will showcase<br />
the latest in lighting products and services<br />
through educational sessions<br />
and open forums, case studies and<br />
product information. Product design,<br />
marketing strategies, customer service,<br />
and sales and training are just a<br />
few of the hot topics which will be covered.<br />
Two lighting courses (basic and<br />
advanced) will be conducted on<br />
Sunday, October 14th. More than 40 of<br />
the most active trade allies will exhibit<br />
the latest in outdoor lighting products<br />
and services during the three-day<br />
conference program.<br />
Conference Committee Chair, Zach<br />
Gibler, Lithonia, says he is “excited<br />
about this year’s conference program<br />
and noted that the conference has<br />
gained both prestige and quality educational<br />
offerings, already evident in<br />
its second year under the sponsorship<br />
of the IESNA and also looks forward to<br />
a great attendance for Orlando.”<br />
SUSTAINING<br />
MEMBERS<br />
The following companies have elected<br />
to support the <strong>Society</strong> as Sustaining<br />
Members which allows the IESNA to fund<br />
programs that benefit all segments of the<br />
membership and pursue new endeavors,<br />
including education projects, lighting<br />
research and recommended practices.<br />
The level of support is classified<br />
by the amount of annual dues, based<br />
on a company’s annual lighting revenues:<br />
Copper: $500 annual dues<br />
Lighting revenues to $4 million<br />
(Copper Sustaining Members are listed in<br />
the March issue of LD+A, as well as in<br />
the IESNA Annual Report. There are currently<br />
233 Copper Sustaining Members).<br />
Silver: $1,000 annual dues<br />
Lighting revenues to $10 million<br />
Gold: $2,500 annual dues<br />
Lighting revenues to $50 million<br />
Platinum: $5,000 annual dues<br />
Lighting revenues to $200 million<br />
Emerald: $10,000 annual dues<br />
Lighting revenues to $500 million<br />
Diamond: $15,000 annual dues<br />
Lighting revenues over $500 million<br />
IES SUSTAINING<br />
MEMBERS<br />
DIAMOND<br />
Cooper Lighting<br />
General Electric Co.<br />
Lithonia Lighting<br />
OSRAM SYLVANIA Products, Inc.<br />
Philips Lighting Co.<br />
EMERALD<br />
Holophane Corporation<br />
PLATINUM<br />
Day-Brite Capri Omega<br />
Lightolier<br />
Lutron Electronics Co, Inc.<br />
Ruud Lighting, Inc.<br />
GOLD<br />
ALP Lighting Components Co.<br />
Altman Lighting, Inc.<br />
Barth Electric Co., Inc.<br />
Detroit Edison<br />
Edison Price Lighting, Inc.<br />
Finelite, Inc.<br />
Indy Lighting, Inc.<br />
Kurt Versen Co.<br />
Lexalite Int’l Corp<br />
Lighting Services, Inc.<br />
Lightron of Cornwall, Inc.<br />
Martin Professional, Inc.<br />
Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.<br />
Musco Sports Lighting, Inc.<br />
Niagara Mohawk Power Corp<br />
Poulsen Lighting, Inc.<br />
Prudential Lighting Corp<br />
San Diego Gas & Electric<br />
SIMKAR Corp<br />
SPI Lighting, Inc.<br />
Steelcase, Inc.<br />
The Bodine Company<br />
The Kirlin Company<br />
United <strong>Illuminating</strong> Co.<br />
Visa Lighting<br />
SILVER<br />
Ardron-Mackie Limited<br />
Aromat Corp.<br />
Associated Lighting Representatives, Inc.<br />
Axis Lighting, Inc.<br />
Bartco Lighting, Inc.<br />
BJB Electric Corporation<br />
Carinci Burt Rogers Eng, Inc.<br />
Cinergy PSI Energy<br />
City of San Francisco Bureau of Light & Power<br />
Con Edison Co of New York<br />
Con-Tech Lighting<br />
Custom Lighting Services LLC<br />
Custom Lights, Inc.<br />
Day Lite Maintenance Co.<br />
EEMA Industries<br />
Elf Atochem North America Inc.<br />
Energy Savings, Inc.<br />
ENMAX<br />
Enterprise Lighting Sales<br />
ERCO Lighting USA Inc.<br />
Exelon Infrastructure Services<br />
Eye Lighting Industries<br />
Eye Lighting International of North America<br />
Factory Sales Agency<br />
Fiberstars, Inc.<br />
Focal Point<br />
Gammalux Systems<br />
H E Williams, Inc.<br />
HAWA Incorporated<br />
High End Systems, Inc.<br />
Hubbell Lighting, Inc.<br />
Kansas City Power & Light Co.<br />
Kenall Mfg Co.<br />
King Luminaire Co.<br />
Kirby Risk Supply Co, Inc.<br />
Ledalite Architectural Prdcts<br />
Lee Filters<br />
Legion Lighting Co.<br />
Leviton Mfg Co, Inc.<br />
Linear Lighting<br />
Litecontrol Corp<br />
Litelab Corp<br />
Litetronics Int’l, Inc.<br />
Lucifer Lighting Co.<br />
Multi Electric Mfg, Inc.<br />
Northern Illumination Co, Inc.<br />
Optical Research Associates<br />
Optima <strong>Engineering</strong> PA<br />
P & K Pole Products<br />
Paramount Industries, Inc.<br />
Portland General Electric<br />
Power Lighting Products, Inc.<br />
Prescolite, Inc.<br />
PSE & G<br />
R A Manning Co, Inc.<br />
Radiance, Inc.<br />
Reflex Lighting Group, Inc.<br />
Sentry Electric Corp<br />
Shakespeare Composites & Electronics Division<br />
Shaper Lighting<br />
Shobha Light Designers<br />
Southern California Edison<br />
Stage Front Presentation Sys.<br />
Stebnicki Robertson & Associates<br />
Sternberg Vintage Lighting<br />
Sterner Lighting Systems, Inc.<br />
Strand Lighting, Inc.<br />
TXU Electric & Gas<br />
Vestar Limited<br />
W J Whatley, Inc.<br />
WAC Lighting Co.<br />
Wiko, Ltd.<br />
Winnipeg Hydro<br />
Wisconsin Public Service Corp<br />
Zumtobel Staff Lighting, Inc.<br />
As of March 2001<br />
28 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
IESNA 2001 Annual Conference Set for Ottawa Canada<br />
The IESNA Annual Conference is set<br />
for August 5 through August 8, 2001<br />
in Ottawa, Canada at the Westin<br />
Ottawa Hotel. This three-day conference<br />
serves as the most comprehensive<br />
educational forum for the lighting<br />
industry. Author-presented paper sessions<br />
will focus on the latest research<br />
in design theory, measurements and<br />
controls, photometry, daylighting,<br />
energy, ballasts and fiber optics. Educational<br />
seminars will cover a wide<br />
range of topics including environmental<br />
issues, exterior lighting design,<br />
the LC update, energy and government<br />
issues, design and architectural<br />
trends and lamp technologies.<br />
The conference opens Monday with<br />
the annual meeting of the <strong>Society</strong>,<br />
presided by incoming IESNA President,<br />
Pamela Horner, OSRAM SYLVA-<br />
NIA, Inc. Also on Monday, the IESNA<br />
will present its prestigious awards<br />
(Medal, Marks, Distinguished Service<br />
and Fellow) at a special luncheon honoring<br />
outstanding individuals who have<br />
furthered the art and science of lighting<br />
or advanced the <strong>Society</strong>’s goals<br />
and mission. A Monday evening offsite<br />
event is planned at the<br />
National Gallery in Ottawa.<br />
On Tuesday, the <strong>Society</strong>’s IIDA<br />
(International Illumination Design<br />
Awards) luncheon will be held.<br />
Lighting designers from around the<br />
world will be recognized at a gala luncheon<br />
featuring their outstanding and<br />
original lighting design projects from<br />
this year’s program.<br />
On Wednesday, new products and<br />
services will be showcased in a unique<br />
Progress Report presentation followed<br />
by a tabletop exhibit featuring products<br />
from leading manufacturers in the<br />
lighting industry.<br />
Join us in Ottawa as local IESNA<br />
National Capital Section members and<br />
the Canadian Region welcome you.<br />
Full Conference Fee: $525 Member/$575<br />
Nonmember (meals included);<br />
Full Technical Fee: $420 Member/$460<br />
Nonmember; Daily Fee:<br />
$160 Member/$180 Nonmember;<br />
Retired IESNA Members and IESNA<br />
Student Members; Full Technical<br />
Fee: $50.<br />
Members in the News<br />
Cary S. Mendelsohn,<br />
founder and president<br />
of Imperial Lighting<br />
Maintenance Company,<br />
Silver Spring,<br />
Md., has been reelected<br />
chair of the<br />
National Lighting Bureau,<br />
to serve a third consecutive oneyear<br />
term. Mendelsohn has served on<br />
the NLB Executive Committee since<br />
1988, representing the interNational<br />
Association of Lighting Management<br />
Companies (NALMCO).<br />
Five new associates were named to<br />
lead OSRAM SYLVANIA’s General<br />
Lighting strategic business units<br />
(SBUs).<br />
Joel Beyerle, manufacturing manager<br />
of the high-speed fluorescent lamp<br />
plants will remain based in Versailles,<br />
Ky., as SBU general manager for the<br />
regular fluorescent product line — a<br />
position he has held since 1995.<br />
Chris Coliandris, manager of the HID<br />
lamp plant in Manchester, N.H., since<br />
1999 will retain his office at that location<br />
as SBU general manager of HID<br />
lighting products.<br />
Fiberstars Receives R&D Award<br />
Fiberstars, Inc. of Fremont, Calif., has received a $2 million R&D Award from<br />
the Advanced Technology Program (ATP) of the U.S. Department of Commerce<br />
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NSIT). The money will go toward<br />
developing a continuous manufacturing process for new technology fiber optics<br />
designed primarily for lighting applications.<br />
The new fiber can potentially offer significant performance and cost advantages<br />
for lighting systems, which can be up to five times more efficient than conventional<br />
lighting, at one-fifth the operating cost.<br />
Fiberstars acquired the patents as part of its Unison acquisition last year.<br />
The company estimates it will take close to three years and $3.4 million in<br />
R&D to complete the work.<br />
Fiberstars intends to combine the new fiber with future generations of its<br />
new CPC technology, also acquired in the Unison deal. This optical innovation<br />
will improve fiber optic illuminator efficiency by a factor of three over current<br />
systems. Optical illuminators base on the CPC technology are expected to be<br />
available in 2001.<br />
Brian Ditchek, previously<br />
the director of<br />
design and development<br />
for General<br />
Lighting, will now be<br />
SBU general manager<br />
for specialty fluorescent.<br />
Ditchek holds<br />
12 patents and has published more<br />
than 50 scientific articles. He will split<br />
his time in his new assignment<br />
between plants in Drummondville,<br />
Quebec, Canada, and Maybrook, N.Y.<br />
Richard D. Leaman will join General<br />
Lighting as SBU general manager for<br />
incandescent and will work at the St.<br />
Marys, Pa., lamp plant. Since 1997,<br />
Leaman has been director of sales and<br />
marketing for OSRAM SYLVANIA’s<br />
Electronic Components & Materials<br />
business in Warren, Pa.<br />
Kevin P. McGarry was named SBU<br />
general manager for the company’s<br />
tungsten halogen product line. He will<br />
remain based at the Winchester, Ky.,<br />
halogen lamp manufacturing facility,<br />
where he has been plant manager<br />
since 1999.<br />
ETC, Middleton, Wis., has<br />
announced Bill Gallinghouse will be<br />
rejoining the company in the newly<br />
created role of vice-president of business<br />
development. His responsibilities<br />
continued on following page<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
LD+A/April 2001 29
Members in the News<br />
continued from previous page<br />
will include special projects and concentrating<br />
on the coordination of international<br />
sales efforts. Gallinghouse<br />
originally joined ETC in 1990 as vicepresident<br />
of sales and subsequently<br />
served as managing director of ETC<br />
Europe between 1996 and 1998. For<br />
the past three years, he served as<br />
senior vice-president of sales for<br />
Fourth Phase, previously known as the<br />
PRG Lighting Companies.<br />
ETC welcomes Gilles Benoist and<br />
Michael Harris of CETEC Group as its<br />
new representatives for Candada.<br />
Both Benoist and Harris have experience<br />
in the Canadian production and<br />
performance industry. Benoist served<br />
for four years previous to CETEC as<br />
National Sales Manager at William F.<br />
White. Harris served as ETC Product<br />
Manager for five years with William F.<br />
White.<br />
Vincent Lighting Systems, Inc.,<br />
Pittsburgh, has hired Kevin Matz as<br />
Rental Manager in its Pittsburgh<br />
offices. Matz has worked as the lighting<br />
designer on several shows at the<br />
New Castle Playhouse and The Red<br />
Barn Player, which are both located in<br />
the greater Pittsburgh area.<br />
Horton Lees Brogden Lighting<br />
Design has announced the appointment<br />
of three new associates. Douglas<br />
Russell, LC; Hrout Tania Tina Aghassian,<br />
LC; and Lilian M. Rodriguez, LC.<br />
Martin Professional has appointed<br />
Claus Rothmann as director of logistics.<br />
Rothmann comes to Martin from<br />
a position as vice-president of Dandy<br />
Company’s Corporate Supply Chain<br />
Development, where he was engaged<br />
in strategic development of the company’s<br />
global supply chain. Also,<br />
Martin Professional’s head of Latin<br />
America operations, Peter Hald, has<br />
moved his headquarters to Buenos<br />
Aires, Argentina from Miami, in order<br />
to be closer to the main Latin<br />
American markets.<br />
Leigh Anne Aiken has been promoted<br />
to account manager for High End<br />
Systems, Inc., Van Nuys, Calif. In her<br />
new position, she will support the<br />
Middle East, Africa, Pacific Rim and<br />
Southeast Asia accounts. Previously,<br />
Aiken was an inside sales representative,<br />
working closely and supporting<br />
the Southeast Asia/Pacific Rim sales<br />
staff. Additionally, John Wiseman was<br />
named vice-president of worldwide<br />
sales. Wiseman recently served as<br />
vice-president of special projects with<br />
specific responsibilities for sales<br />
efforts in Europe and Asia. The promotion<br />
gives Wiseman total sales responsibility<br />
worldwide.<br />
Luxo Corporation has added four<br />
new professional lighting sales agencies<br />
to the company’s national roster.<br />
Each company now represents Luxo<br />
interior lighting products to professional<br />
design and corporate specificers,<br />
and contract furniture dealerships, in<br />
their respective territories. The new<br />
representative agencies and contacts<br />
are, Bob Trewartha, Gasser Bush; Tom<br />
Thomson, Southern California Illumination;<br />
Dave Johansen, Johansen Lighting<br />
Products; and Michael Begier,<br />
Enterprise Lighting.<br />
Lighting Industry<br />
Loses Positive<br />
Innovator<br />
The founder and president<br />
of Engineered<br />
Lighting Products,<br />
Ralph W. Swarens,<br />
passed away of a<br />
heart attack on<br />
January 7, 2001. He<br />
was 69.<br />
Swarens began his career in the<br />
lighting industry in 1961. Because of<br />
his strong desire for quality lighting<br />
design, he later moved into consulting.<br />
After noticing a niche in the market<br />
that was not being addressed,<br />
Swarens founded Engineered Lighting<br />
Products in 1985 to manufacture high<br />
quality lighting products.<br />
Swarens was a member of IESNA<br />
and, in the past, served as president of<br />
the IESNA Southern California section<br />
as well as vice-president of the U.S.<br />
Institute of Technical Theatre, Southern<br />
California section.<br />
Call For Entries for<br />
National Lighting Design Competition<br />
Cooper Lighting, Elk Grove Village, Ill., has announced its call for entries for its<br />
25th annual National Lighting Design Competition. Held under the auspices of<br />
ASID, the competition focuses on furthering the understanding, knowledge and<br />
function of lighting as a primary element in interior design.<br />
Judging for the competition will take place in July/August, 2001, by a professional,<br />
independent panel of ASID members, lighting designers and architects. All<br />
awards for both the professional and student category will be presented in<br />
October during the ASID National Awards Gala in New York.<br />
The competition is open to any lighting designer, architect, interior designer or<br />
professional who uses light in an interior or exterior permanent application, which<br />
requires the use of any or all of the Cooper Lighting brands. Students in any of<br />
these disciplines are also eligible to<br />
enter any conceptual work dealing<br />
with lighting, and these conceptual<br />
entries will be judged in separate student<br />
category.<br />
Rule changes from previous years<br />
include only the elimination of specific<br />
application categories that each<br />
entry was required to fall within. With<br />
this elimination, there will be no minimum<br />
or maximum number of awards<br />
given, so each project will be judged<br />
on its own merit.<br />
Nuckolls Fund<br />
Establishes Website<br />
The Nuckolls Fund for Lighting Education,<br />
New York, announced that its<br />
new website www.nuckollsfund.org<br />
will have information on the Fund’s<br />
mission, contributors, and management.<br />
The site also allows educators<br />
to download information that describes<br />
how to apply for the three grants that<br />
are currently funded.<br />
30 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
Donation To Build University Laboratory<br />
OSRAM SYLVANIA, Danvers, Mass.<br />
has made a donation to the <strong>Engineering</strong><br />
Technology Lighting program<br />
of the University of New Hampshire in<br />
Durham, for a new laboratory at<br />
OSRAM SYLVANIA’s manufacturing<br />
facility in Manchester. OSRAM SYLVA-<br />
NIA, which employs more graduates<br />
from the 26-year-old program than any<br />
other employer, will build a laboratory<br />
at the rear of its plant.<br />
A grand opening ceremony is scheduled<br />
for the summer of 2001. The company<br />
also announced the award of a<br />
$6,000 payment on a $30,000 multiyear<br />
commitment made in 1997 to<br />
help underwrite the school’s <strong>Engineering</strong><br />
Lighting Technology program.<br />
In other news, John Dawsey, manager<br />
of theater products in the photooptic<br />
division at OSRAM SYLVANIA,<br />
has retired. Dawsey, a veteran of the<br />
cinema equipment industry, worked for<br />
OSRAM SYLVANIA since 1961. His<br />
duties have been passed on to Bob<br />
Simminger, manager of theater products<br />
in the photo-optic division at<br />
OSRAM SYLVANIA.<br />
Targetti North America Established<br />
Targetti-Tivoli, Inc., Santa Ana, Calif., and its partner organization, Extérieur<br />
Vert Lighting, have joined forced under a unified corporate name, Targetti<br />
North America. The move signals to professional light specifies that hundreds<br />
of original, contemporary-design interior and outdoor commercial and upscale<br />
residential lighting products manufactured and marketed by the three companies<br />
will now be available from a single-source with centralized technical and<br />
customer support.<br />
Ledalite Opens New Manufacturing Facility<br />
Ledalite has opened a new manufacturing facility and headquarters of Ledalite<br />
Architectural Products in Langley, British Columbia. The new 160,000 sq ft facility<br />
is an increase from the previous 75,000 sq ft facility, and is now one of the<br />
largest and most modern in the North American lighting industry. The multi-million<br />
dollar move and expansion includes a state-of-the-art powder coat facility,<br />
and focused factories for the company’s new Steelform steel lighting product<br />
family and its aluminum, Ergolight and transportation lighting systems.<br />
New Members<br />
The IESNA gained 101<br />
Members (M), associate<br />
members and student members<br />
in February.<br />
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS<br />
Canadian Region<br />
Noemi Byrnes, Vaughan Byrnes<br />
<strong>Engineering</strong>, North York, Ontario<br />
East Central Region<br />
Kelly L. Alio, Maryland Lighting,<br />
Reisterstown, Md.<br />
Carol M. Crampton,<br />
Crampton/Dunlop Architectural<br />
Lighting Services, Towson, Md.<br />
Lewis S. Farinholt (M), Teng &<br />
Associates, Richmond, Va.<br />
Michael Larkin, Chesapeake<br />
Lighting, Columbia, Md.<br />
Jay Madara, University of Fine Arts,<br />
Philadelphia<br />
Sharon Miller (M), Food and Drug<br />
Administration, Rockville, Md.<br />
David Allan Stevens (M), Whitman<br />
Requardt & Associates, Baltimore<br />
Fairmont State College<br />
Jason Hanshaw<br />
Great Lakes Region<br />
Eric Baltzell (M), Garmann/Miller<br />
Architects, Celina, Ohio<br />
Barry Croteau (M), General Motors<br />
Corporation, Detroit<br />
David Daukas, Clotfelter-Samokar,<br />
Lexington, Ky.<br />
Lisa M. Fernandez (M), Niagara<br />
Mohawk Power Corporation,<br />
Buffalo, N.Y.<br />
Kevin Fleming, Indiana Council-<br />
Outdoor Light, Indianapolis<br />
Jon Forster, Carl Walker,<br />
Kalamzoo, Mich.<br />
Zacharey W. Hartt, OSG Energy,<br />
Farmington, Mich.<br />
Christopher King, Light Up Your Life,<br />
Minerva, Ohio<br />
Christopher Michael (M), Kopp<br />
Glass Inc., Pittsburgh<br />
Jeffrey Singer, Guide Corporation,<br />
Pendleton, Ind.<br />
Diane Soper (M), Lumenociti, Inc.,<br />
Indianapolis<br />
Phillip St. George, Highland, Mich.<br />
Michael Zeuger (M), LDA Company,<br />
Pittsburgh<br />
South Pacific Coast Region<br />
Joseph Banayan (M), Associated<br />
Consulting Engineers, Los<br />
Angeles<br />
Sam Herchak, Mesa, Ariz.<br />
Jeff Johnson, EnerTech Systems,<br />
Anaheim<br />
Patrick Kays, Royal Electric<br />
Company, Sacramento<br />
Ross Krayer (M), Holmes & Narver,<br />
Albuquerque<br />
Darrin Weedon, Birchwood Lighting,<br />
Santa Ana, Calif.<br />
Sherry Weller (M), Larkspur, Calif.<br />
Midwest Region<br />
Kristian Allcroft, Holophane Lighting<br />
Co., Chicago<br />
Jerrold Antoon, Fox Valley Technical,<br />
Appleton, Wis.<br />
Richard J. Bulvan (M), Focal Point<br />
LLC, Worth, Ill<br />
Erin Davis, Focal Point LLC, Chicago<br />
Frederick Kern, Focal Point LLC,<br />
Chicago<br />
Daniel Lee, Advance Transformer<br />
Company, Rosemont, Ill.<br />
Otto Letamendi, Ciorba Group,<br />
Chicago<br />
Daniel J. McCarthy (M), MBW Electrical<br />
Solutions, Chesterfield, Mo.<br />
Patricia Morin (M), MidAmerican<br />
Services, Urbandale, Iowa<br />
David Swartz, David Swartz PE<br />
Consulting Engineers, Chicago<br />
Southeastern Region<br />
Timothy Ivanecky, Cooper Lighting,<br />
Peachtree City, Ga.<br />
Don Jordan, Musco Lighting,<br />
Gainesville, Fla.<br />
Robert Petrivelli, Booth-Hinson<br />
Noack, Inc., Peachtree City, Ga.<br />
Dr. Jeffrey Wayne Place, North<br />
Carolina State University, Raleigh<br />
Howard Rivers (M), Gainesville<br />
Regional Utilities, Gainesville, Fla.<br />
Mathew Smith, Little & Associates<br />
Architects, Charlotte, N.C.<br />
Randy Smith, Factory Sales Agency,<br />
Nashville<br />
The University of Alabama<br />
Shelby Allen, Marianne Alverson,<br />
Kristi Arians, Meghan Bazemore,<br />
Morgan Blankenship, Jennifer<br />
Burrell, Catherine Cooper, Jackie<br />
Hahn, Michelle Holden, Shannon<br />
James, Jodi Kennedy, Ashleigh Ann<br />
Ledbetter, Donna Martin, Jessica<br />
Massey, Mallory S. Mathison,<br />
Breck Nicholas, Beth Philyaw, Erin<br />
T. Sanders, Sarah Singleton,<br />
Amanda K. Smith, Lynlee Stewart,<br />
Devin Varden, Aycan Yeniley<br />
Northeastern Region<br />
Michael Petry, McCumsey-Petry<br />
(Rcc Design), Fairfield, N.J.<br />
William T. Ryan (M), Philips Lighting<br />
Company, Somerset, N.J.<br />
John Verde, Hylan Electrical<br />
Contracting, Staten Island, N.Y.<br />
Abhay Wadhwa, Domingo Gonzalez<br />
Associates, New York<br />
Dartmouth College<br />
Mary Elisabeth Jones<br />
Suffolk University<br />
Christine Shanahan<br />
Northwest Region<br />
Eli Albaugh, Philips Lighting<br />
Company, Vancouver, Wash.<br />
Brent Aleksich, Coffman Engineers,<br />
Anchorage, Alaska<br />
Corbie Ray Black, Delta, B.C.,<br />
Canada<br />
Evan Roberts, USKH, Inc.,<br />
Fairbanks, Alaska<br />
Southwestern Region<br />
Derry Berrigan, DHTC, Inc.,<br />
Rogers, Ark.<br />
Ronnie Fender, MKK Consulting<br />
Engineers, Grand Junction, Colo.<br />
Tom Halverson, Humphrey &<br />
Associates, Dallas<br />
James Maddux, Vari-Lite, Inc., Dallas<br />
Clara Muller, RNL Design, Denver<br />
Stephen Reeves, Philips Lighting<br />
Company, Carrollton, Texas<br />
John York (M), H & H Industries<br />
Inc., Irving, Texas<br />
Texas Christian University<br />
Abbie Cornell<br />
University of Colorado<br />
Kimberly Alston<br />
Foreign<br />
Mi-hyang Lee, Korean Standards<br />
Association, Seoul, South Korea<br />
Shu Sang Lee (M), Vision Lab,<br />
Hong Kong<br />
Kousaku Matsumoto (M), Style<br />
Matec Ltd., Japan<br />
Glenn Sweitzer, Hong Kong Polytechnic<br />
University, Hong Kong<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
LD+A/April 2001 31
2000<br />
INTERNATIONAL ILLUMINATION DESIGN AWARDS<br />
FROM COKING PLANT TO<br />
COLORFUL SCULPTURE<br />
Two design firms combined efforts for the lighting design of the<br />
Zollverein Coking Plant, in Germany. According to<br />
Jonathan Speirs, the<br />
new building is a<br />
monumental industrial<br />
sculpture, illuminated<br />
in different colors to<br />
indicate the juxtaposition<br />
of nature/power/process.<br />
The project received<br />
a Paul Waturbury Award<br />
of Excellence for<br />
Outdoor Lighting Design.<br />
(right) Concepts for Zollverein Kokerei<br />
developed around the juxtaposition of<br />
nature/power/process. A palette of<br />
red and blue was chosen: Blue to light the<br />
people viewing area, encouraging visitors to<br />
look at the facility in a different manner;<br />
and red to illuminate the facility itself,<br />
evoking images of rust, fire and heat.<br />
(opposite, top) The reflecting pool (measuring<br />
3/4 of a mile) was an integral part of the concept.<br />
The funds were only made available with one<br />
month to go before completion.<br />
(opposite, bottom) The plain coal bunkers<br />
were softly washed with the<br />
red filtered metal halide luminaires.<br />
®<br />
The Zollverein Kokerei (Zollverein<br />
Coking Plant) was not a typical<br />
exterior project; in fact, it was<br />
deemed by the client to be part of its Arts<br />
program for the regeneration of an industrial<br />
heartland of Germany. Rather than<br />
purely describing the solution, the development<br />
of the design ideas may be as<br />
interesting to explain as the philosophy<br />
and approach of our group.<br />
In March 1998, the Lighting Architects<br />
Group — Jonathan Speirs and Associates<br />
(Edinburgh) and Speirs and Major<br />
(London) received an invitation from IBA<br />
Emsher Park to enter a competition for<br />
the lighting design of the Zollverein<br />
Kokerei in Essen, Germany.<br />
The German Government-funded IBA<br />
(Internationale Bau-Ausstellung) exists to<br />
regenerate areas of Germany that have<br />
fallen on hard times. IBA Emsher Park<br />
differs considerably from the others in that it has a 10-year life span. The scheme was developed as a test case for new thinking<br />
in energy conservation and land regeneration. The Ruhr valley has been in decline since the 1960s, and lately has been plagued<br />
by both ecological, as well as social problems. IBA Emsher Park has been attempting to tackle both of these issues.<br />
We visited the site and were guided around the project area by IBA. Unused since 1992, this amazing edifice once employed<br />
2,000 people. It was more like an efficiently designed machine rather than a building or structure. The almost poetic “production<br />
line” was clearly expressed: from transportation of the coal to the facility, its local distribution and storage, and its<br />
insertion into the coking ovens, to its removal as coke and then its ultimate onward distribution to nearby steel plants. This<br />
became the inspiration for the lighting concept.<br />
There was not one piece of decorative detail anywhere in the project. Every element of the building has a purpose and function<br />
and in this case it is very apt to quote a famous German émigré architect: “form follows function.”<br />
The scale of the project — it takes about 40 minutes to walk around the structure — was an important aspect that drove<br />
some of the design decision-making. This was in addition to the almost reverential status the client placed on the tall chimneys.<br />
In the Ruhr valley, they have no hills or mountains, so such a vertical statement was deemed to be an important landmark<br />
for the surrounding area<br />
The concepts for the project were brainstormed in both of the Lighting Architects Group studios with the philosophical<br />
“theme” of Nature/Power/Process providing the backbone of the ideas. Each studio generated sketches, details and Photoshop<br />
images, and the entire proposal manifested<br />
itself in a digital video presentation that included<br />
a clear explanation of the philosophy, supported<br />
by animation sequences.<br />
Our intent was to create an image that was no<br />
longer an industrial landscape, but rather, a<br />
sculptural icon describing the form, materiality,<br />
scale and revised perception of a 20th Century<br />
monument regenerated for a different purpose:<br />
that of a local landmark. To achieve this, a<br />
monochromatic wash of red was selected to<br />
enhance the corrosion of the steel superstructure<br />
of the ovens.<br />
After being awarded the project, a series of<br />
meetings and workshops were then organized<br />
in the ensuing weeks, as the switch-on had to<br />
coincide with a major temporary exhibition<br />
that was being planned for the facility.<br />
Then began the hard part: to transfer the<br />
ideas into reality. There were several site tests<br />
before the installation designs were formal-<br />
PHOTOS: COLIN BALL & WERNER J. HANNAPEL<br />
32 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
LD+A/April 2001 33
(top) The glazed windows to the gas burners were illuminated with<br />
red filtered fluorescent tubes, with a slightly different hue to the ovens.<br />
(bottom) The ovens were asymmetrically graced with<br />
color to generate shadow texture and interest.<br />
ized. Locally the design was engineered and overseen by<br />
START Media.<br />
One powerful idea presented at the competition stage was for<br />
an 800 m long by 30 m wide reflecting pool. Between the<br />
entrance road and the structure, the reflecting pool mirrors the<br />
facades both by day and by night, creating ripple patterns of<br />
white light across the battery of ovens.<br />
The pool is a simple device of aluminium sheet, fully tanked with black bitumen, and responds as a mirror to reflect the building<br />
mass. When natural air movement contacts the surface, ripples effectively animate the main elevation.<br />
Running parallel to the main façade is a road that separates the black<br />
side (coke) of the facility and the white side (chemical). It was decided<br />
that this road and linear viewing point presented a powerful opportunity<br />
to assist the public to look at the Kokerei differently, by heightening<br />
their visual senses to enjoy the appearance and experience of the<br />
Zollverein Kokerei more.<br />
This was achieved by illuminating the road with blue metal halide<br />
luminaires. These were located asymmetrically on the opposite side of<br />
the road to the facility. This meant that, when looking at the 800 m long<br />
row of ovens, the luminaires were behind the viewer, yet both the area<br />
and the viewer were lighted in blue.<br />
The main coking ovens themselves were cross lighted by asymmetric<br />
metal halide floodlights with a red glass filter to give shadow and texture.<br />
Different filters were tested to find a color that was not too orange, but<br />
showed the graininess and patina of the metal doors.<br />
The gas burners below the ovens are located in an area with a row of<br />
glazed windows. These were backlighted, again with red, but this time<br />
fluorescent luminaires were used. The chosen shade of red was a little<br />
lighter than that used on the ovens.<br />
The “landmark” chimneys were lighted in two ways. First, they were<br />
washed with metal halide luminaires with red glass filters and linear<br />
spreader lenses. Second, at the crown of the chimney a net of red LED<br />
luminaires were installed. A total of 150 luminaires were used on each chimney. These randomly animate to surprise the passerby<br />
and intended to be the distant reference view. They are, in fact, visible from 15 miles away, much to the delight of the client.<br />
In May 1999, the illumination of the Kokerei was formally switched on to coincide with the opening of the Sun, Moon and<br />
Stars exhibition that was created within the heart of the coking plant. The public response to the project has been very positive<br />
and the client is delighted with the results. The 800 LEDs (each one using only 2.5 W of power) located at the crowns of the<br />
chimneys can be seen from more than 15 miles away, fulfilling the landmark criteria of the initial proposed brief.<br />
The creative design process at the competition stage was a great stimulus for the entire design studio that contributed excellent<br />
ideas. The rigorous holding to those original ideas through the design implementation and construction phases further added to<br />
the clarity of the final image and offer proof of the strength in their simplicity<br />
The designers: Jonathan Speirs BSc (Hons); Dip. Arch; RIBA; ARIAS; IALD; ELDA; FRSA trained as an architect and<br />
has more than 17 years experience as an independent lighting consultant. He co-founded Lighting Design Partnership<br />
(LDP) in 1984. In June 1992, he left LDP to form Jonathan Speirs and Associates in Edinburgh. In January 1993, he<br />
opened a London office in association with Mark Major as the London-based office of the Lighting Architects Group.<br />
He has been awarded a number of lighting awards, including a Guth Award and three Paul Waterbury Awards in 2000.<br />
Mark Major BA (Hons); Dip.Arch; RIBA; IALD; ELDA; FRSA trained and practiced as an architect prior to choosing<br />
to focus on the special relationship between light and architecture. He worked with Lighting Design Partnership<br />
(LDP) between 1984 and 1988 where he worked closely with Jonathan Speirs. He formed his own architecture and<br />
lighting practice, MRA, in 1989 with German Architect Knud Rossen. In 1993 MRA formed an association with Jonathan Speirs and Associates in Edinburgh. He<br />
has received a number of awards including IALD, IIDA and UK National Lighting Awards.<br />
34 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
INTERNATIONAL ILLUMINATION DESIGN AWARDS<br />
WINGING IT<br />
The Midwest Research Institute comprises two wings,<br />
each markedly different in appearance. Mark Hershman fills us in<br />
on the thought process behind the design of each wing, and the<br />
respective challenges the design team faced. In the process, they<br />
earned an IIDA Paul Waterbury Award of Excellence.<br />
PHOTOS: MICHAEL SPILLERS<br />
2000<br />
®<br />
While the vestibule at the Midwest Research Institute physically links the two<br />
buildings, the perforated wall acts as the representational link. High-output 3500K<br />
fluorescent signlighter uplights within the wall seem to change the daytime<br />
metal structure, to an apparent glass block at night. A series of 26 W,<br />
triple-tube compact fluorescent downlights within the metal wall soffit and<br />
20 W low-voltage recessed steplights guide vistors to the entry.<br />
In an effort to forge Kansas City’s dream of being the focal<br />
point of the world’s life science research, the Midwest<br />
Research Institute (MRI) looked to lead the course with a<br />
fresh architectural look. As a fixture in the Kansas City landscape<br />
since the mid-1950s, the world renowned research facility<br />
has occupied prime real estate north of the popular retail<br />
mecca, the Country Club Plaza. Although situated not more<br />
than 90 ft from the busy boulevard, the horizontal expanse of<br />
the complex, in conjunction with the dated architecture gave<br />
the facility undeserved anonymity.<br />
If MRI was to be the city’s launching pad for future research<br />
growth, it had to present itself in a more flattering light, figuratively<br />
and literally. Within the research community, MRI’s<br />
advances in agent studies of the “Gulf War Syndrome” and<br />
development of renewable energy sources were widely recognized.<br />
Despite its accomplishments, the MRI had not distinguished<br />
itself within the local architectural scene.<br />
Enter Rafael Architects, Inc. (RAI). As a local architectural<br />
firm known for more progressive designs, the firm was charged<br />
with crafting an image to define the MRI as a leader in technology<br />
and research. The necessity to merge the past with the<br />
future led RAI to the doorstep of Yarnell Associates Lighting<br />
Design. Having collaborated on previous projects, the combined<br />
design team could present a comprehensive concept of<br />
integrated architecture and lighting, where the individual<br />
strengths of different areas of design reinforce one another.<br />
In 1972, the Midwest Research Institute expanded from its<br />
one lone building, originally constructed in 1955, to include a<br />
similar one-and-a-half story Spencer building to complement<br />
the existing Kimball wing. To reduce the daytime visual<br />
breadth, RAI designed a vertically oriented central glass box<br />
entry. The literal split between the two structures led to other<br />
refinements that would further differentiate the two buildings,<br />
despite their close proximity. To the Spencer side, or left side of<br />
the entry, the architects developed a minimalist landscape<br />
approach, complete with a formal display of trees and rock gardens<br />
leading to the vestibule.<br />
It was the renovation to the Kimball wing that piqued the<br />
interest of Yarnell Associates. Across the street and on axis, rises<br />
the historical Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, a majestic neoclassical<br />
edifice erected in 1933. The lighting design team wanted<br />
to mimic the classic philosophy of the columnar museum,<br />
but wanted to apply it to a modern structure. New vertical<br />
metal fins designed for the Kimball building are strongly delin-<br />
36 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
LD+A/April 2001 37
eated by custom Q71MR16/C/NSP15 uplight fixtures with<br />
remote transformers. The minimal 3 in. diameter by 5 in. high<br />
luminaires blend into the existing concrete sill to which they<br />
are mounted. The constant rhythm of the uplights draws upon<br />
the museum’s historical relevance, while the fins disrupt the<br />
monotonous façade and mirror the classical columns on the<br />
Nelson-Atkins Museum.<br />
Feeding off the architects’ desire to create a low level concrete<br />
berm wall in front of the Kimball wing, the method for generating<br />
a secondary lighting effect was born. Seeing a need to<br />
apply a second layer of light to contrast the vertical emphasis,<br />
the low wall, approximately 20 ft in front of the façade, allowed<br />
a series of NEMA 4 x 3, 250 W ED18 floodlights to be hidden<br />
from vehicular view. In order to ensure this second layer would<br />
also act as a backdrop and a complement to the uplights, each<br />
luminaire was fitted with glass color filters to match Rosco<br />
#358-Rose Indigo gels. The low five percent transmission provides<br />
a subtle pale violet light that envelops the entire building<br />
and underscores the vertical white accents. The blending of the<br />
warm and cool light textures creates a subdued drama, well<br />
suited to the close proximity of the major boulevard. With<br />
street access so close, a lighting design predicated on overly<br />
bright effects would have distracted vehicular traffic.<br />
As a stark contrast to the Kimball building, the Spencer<br />
design was an intentional understatement at night. A driveway,<br />
parking lot and rigid formation of trees in front of the building<br />
beckoned a different lighting approach. Instead of illuminating<br />
the façade, the intent was to uplight the trees in a dramatic<br />
5200K, 175 W metal halide source, to emphasize the greenery<br />
and bring the perceived line of light closer to the street.<br />
As a means to connect the parking lot to the entry, the architects<br />
created rock garden pods. Within each island of massive<br />
stones, mini-bollards with 60 W xenon lamps and four optical<br />
ports were precisely located within the center of the rock cluster<br />
to illuminate the sides of the massive stones and produce<br />
interesting patterns on the ground.<br />
Contemporary parking lot poles specified to blend in with a<br />
predominant metal skin completed the Spencer side design.<br />
The polarity in philosophies between the two facades was not<br />
only to visually shorten the interlocking buildings, but to also<br />
give each wing its own identity. Whereas the Kimball building<br />
was treated very formally, the Spencer side was envisioned as<br />
more casual.<br />
Acting as a mediator between the two structures, the central<br />
glass cube gives visitors the only glimpse into the newly<br />
constructed lobby. Originally designed as a glowing volume,<br />
the vestibule combines CMH70/U/PAR30L/40 recessed<br />
downlights clustered in a tight 4 ft grid in the ceiling with<br />
incandescent based uplights. 75PAR30/H/NFL direct burials<br />
with internal glare control are situated in the corners of the<br />
vestibule to allow visitors an uninterrupted view into the<br />
lobby. Highly reflective and transparent surfaces assist in the<br />
projected image of a luminous box.<br />
While many projects have distinct boundaries between interior<br />
and exterior spaces, the MRI’s transparent vestibule blurs<br />
this distinction. In this case, the lobby’s lighting makes a direct<br />
(opposite) With street access so close, the<br />
exterior lighting needed to be unique. Overly<br />
bright lighting would distract vehicular traffic,<br />
so subtle, layered lighting effects were used.<br />
With a neoclassical museum on axis across the<br />
street, the right façade was treated in a gentle<br />
rose purple wash. Wall-mounted 250 W<br />
metal halide lamps in NEMA 3 x 4 floodlights<br />
with custom-color filters generated the base layer.<br />
With the left façade on axis to a park setting, the<br />
approach focused on landscape illumination.<br />
To enhance the vibrancy of foliage,<br />
5000K metal halide uplights were used.<br />
(right) With CMH 70 PAR 30 metal halide<br />
downlights, and 75 PAR 30 uplights, the vestibule<br />
glows like a glass box. Cold-cathode lighting<br />
within the lobby contributes to a mysterious<br />
and compelling entranceway.<br />
contribution to the exterior image and provides visual depth to<br />
a façade physically located close to the street. A band of<br />
Horizon Blue cold cathode is evident from the street, drawing<br />
the eye deep into the reception space. The cold cathode cove<br />
also lies directly above slanted, frosted glass panels implemented<br />
to visually separate the lobby from the corridor beyond.<br />
A series of 32 W T8 85 CRI fluorescent asymmetric throw<br />
signlighters nestled into a metal trough at the base of the panels<br />
gently backlight the frosted glass. The partition wall and<br />
ceiling detail not only blends glass and drywall surfaces, but the<br />
backlighted wall defines the lobby boundary from the corridor<br />
while creating a theatrical backdrop for the reception desk. A<br />
further refinement of low voltage festoon lamps built into the<br />
reception desk face parallels the definitive horizontal cold cathode<br />
effect. Focusing on material enhancement, the lobby relies<br />
upon a mixture of sources to best represent interior surfaces.<br />
While 26 W triple tube compact fluorescent downlights provide<br />
ambient illumination, Q50MR16/C/NFL recessed<br />
adjustable accent lights brighten the glass reception desk. An<br />
abundance of glass vertical surfaces and uplighted ceilings<br />
allows this space to read as a central entrance to the exterior.<br />
As a centerpiece of the renovation, a curved metal scrim wall,<br />
measuring more than 100 ft long and 20 ft high, acts as a literal<br />
gateway to the new vestibule and lobby. As a figurative bridge<br />
to the future, the semi-transparent perforated metal scrim<br />
changes appearance from daytime to nighttime. As viewed during<br />
the day, the 3 ft thick double layer wall appears as a plain,<br />
flat metal surface. At night, with a series of F48T12/SPX35/HO<br />
asymmetric throw fluorescent signlighters mounted within the<br />
interior shell, the wall changes to a luminous glass block surface;<br />
full of depth and texture.<br />
Depending on the angle of a visitor’s approach to the wall,<br />
the luminous metal takes on added properties of light as<br />
applied by the rose-indigo floodlights or the parking lot lights<br />
adjacent to the wall. It is the technique of internally illuminating<br />
the double layer wall that provides a direct connection to<br />
the luminous vestibule and lobby.<br />
To complicate the mounting of the fluorescent signlighters, a<br />
portion of the wall stands within a pool of water, fed by a<br />
trough originating at the glass vestibule. A secondary visual<br />
connecting device is generated by edge-lighted and point<br />
source fiber optics. A 150 W metal halide fiber optic illuminator<br />
remoted in the lobby feeds the 0.5 in. diameter fiber optic<br />
run lining the water trough to the pool below. Point source fiber<br />
optics recessed into the outside of the water trough illuminate<br />
a small rock garden at the entry. Additional point sources within<br />
the pool reflect constantly changing color on the outside of<br />
the metal wall. Opposite the water trough, low voltage stainless<br />
steel recessed steplights within a massive granite block lead visitors<br />
to the luminous vestibule.<br />
The asymmetrical lighting balance between the use of strong<br />
architectural accents in the Kimball wing, and the use of less<br />
formal landscape lighting in the Spencer wing is held together<br />
by the prominence of the scrim wall and the vestibule beyond.<br />
The intentional visual competition (or juxtaposition) between<br />
buildings helps to draw one’s attention to the center of the complex,<br />
where the chaos generated by two distinct lighting styles<br />
flows into the order of the luminous glass box entry. Each piece<br />
of the lighting puzzle becomes a visual connector to the next,<br />
where individual components strengthen the overall effect.<br />
Together, all the concepts — landscape lighting, backlighting,<br />
accent lighting and color — form a cohesive design with the<br />
architecture, both old and new.<br />
Only by experiencing the entire complex will a visitor understand<br />
the complexity of visual queues assembled for the MRI.<br />
For its work, Yarnell Associates received a 2000 IIDA Paul<br />
Waterbury Award of Excellence for Outdoor Lighting Design.<br />
The designers: Mark Hershman<br />
is a graduate of the University of<br />
Kansas, with degrees in Architectural<br />
<strong>Engineering</strong> and Architecture.<br />
Prior to joining Yarnell<br />
Associates, he was employed<br />
with Randy Burkett Lighting<br />
Design, in St. Louis. He has been<br />
an IESNA member since 1992.<br />
Bruce Yarnell is an alumnus of Kansas State University, where he received a<br />
Bachelor of Architecture degree. In 1981, he formed his own architectural lighting<br />
firm, Yarnell Associates, in Shanee, Kan. The company specializes in<br />
uniquely designed interior and exterior spaces, ranging from museums, hotels,<br />
libraries, office complexes and retail facilities. He has been an IESNA member<br />
for 20 years.<br />
38 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
LD+A/April 2001 39
INTERNATIONAL ILLUMINATION DESIGN AWARDS<br />
The project containing the Hollywood<br />
Tower is known as “Heron City.” This, the<br />
first of many projects under that brand<br />
name, is located on the northeast edge of Madrid<br />
in a booming town known as Las Rozas. The<br />
demographics of this area are generally that of a<br />
youth-oriented market: young families and a relative<br />
upscale spending capacity. Madrid and most<br />
of Spain are experiencing an un-paralleled<br />
growth, both in the economy and the population.<br />
The process for developing a lighting and<br />
audio scheme for this project began almost two<br />
years ago in the architectural offices of Studio E<br />
in Orlando. There, the initial graphics were<br />
shown to the design team, <strong>Illuminating</strong> Concepts<br />
(IC). The designer in charge, Chris Miles, delivered<br />
the express desires of the owner. At that<br />
time, the scope of the project for IC was to develop<br />
an all-encompassing lighting and audio system<br />
that would bathe the consumers in a variety<br />
of colored, changing light and immerse them in<br />
what is generally considered “surround sound.”<br />
The “mall” as Americans would call it would<br />
not be designed as a mall. Instead it was to be a<br />
400,000 sq ft, open-air “entertainment center.”<br />
The English call this a “leisure center.” The first<br />
challenge as a design team was to get on board<br />
with British linguistics and syntax; a means of<br />
communication I have grown to adopt and even<br />
prefer. My staff has even taken to quoting<br />
Shakespeare.<br />
The true challenge of developing a lighting<br />
scheme was that we really had no existing model<br />
to extract principles from. The architectural<br />
treatment takes its cue from the new Universal<br />
Islands of Adventure (UIOA) and City Walk in<br />
Orlando, a project that IC had the privilege of<br />
working on. The best description I can give is<br />
that of industrial new age high-tech with a sprinkling<br />
of mysticism and humor. However, UIOA<br />
did not meet the level that the client wanted to<br />
achieve. Additionally, the architectural scheme<br />
had already been set and the project had started<br />
construction. This fact also created a fundamental<br />
challenge: where to suitably place the lighting<br />
and audio systems.<br />
IC offered a number of solutions for the architectural<br />
challenges of concealing the entertainment<br />
systems. Most of them had to do with carving<br />
out positions in the architectural facades so as<br />
to only make the nose of the lighting instruments<br />
2000 (below) Light sources for the Hollywood Tower are mounted discreetly<br />
within the tower, and allow easy access via internal catwalks and ladders.<br />
(right) The 90 ft tall tower is illuminated with intelligent lights, PAR luminaries<br />
and fiber optics, all synchronized to the music and the hourly water shows<br />
to provide a complete immersion experience. Dichroic filters were specified<br />
in the fountain to provide intense color saturation to the water.<br />
Ron Harwood, president of<br />
<strong>Illuminating</strong> Concepts, discusses his<br />
firm’s role in designing the Hollywood<br />
Tower, a 90 ft tower that performs an<br />
operator-free synchronized sound and<br />
light show in Heron City, an<br />
entertainment center in Las Rozas,<br />
Spain. This project was awarded a<br />
Paul Waterbury Award for Outdoor<br />
Lighting Design Special Citation.<br />
LAS ROZAS<br />
LIGHT SHOW<br />
PHOTOS: RONALD P. HARWOOD<br />
40 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org<br />
visible. We offered a scheme that bathed the audience and pedestrians<br />
in static color changing High End Systems EC-1s and<br />
ES-1s. The presentation, held in the owner’s offices, included a<br />
description of lighting the one- and two-story facades, as well as<br />
the brick and tile pavers of the streets and plazas. We explained<br />
how the systems would be controlled to run automatically.<br />
At the end of the presentation, Gerald Ronson, the owner<br />
and visionary of this endeavor looked up and simply said,<br />
“Where’s the show?” Somewhat dumfounded, I respectfully<br />
asked him to explain his idea of “show,” as the presented<br />
scheme far exceeded any permanent lighting scheme in retail.<br />
His reply, as I have now grown to expect, was brief and to the<br />
point. He wanted a permanent, hands-free, sound and light<br />
show that entertained the customers every half-hour — not a<br />
few gobos spinning on the floor, and not just changing color on<br />
the buildings. Ronson wanted fully synchronized sound and<br />
light shows that played in the entire center.<br />
If you “have a think” about it (in British vernacular), most<br />
sound and light shows are equated to stage presentations that<br />
obviously have featured performers. Who or what would be<br />
our central focus? How would one conceal the instruments<br />
required to produce such a show and finally, what kind of show<br />
control devices could one use to guarantee a relatively failsafe,<br />
hands-free system?<br />
First, we had to get the architect and owner to agree to generally<br />
exposed instruments. Most of the moving lights would<br />
need waterproof enclosures. The designers at IC proposed a<br />
“speedrail” that sits atop, and longitudinally oriented to, the<br />
building facades. We ultimately came to an agreement that the<br />
“sense of show” about to happen at dark would be a branded<br />
foretelling of the entertainment to come, instead of relatively<br />
ugly and inactive theater luminaires doing nothing. We also<br />
came to learn that the sight distances of the gear on the rooftops<br />
came in scale with the center and looked quite good, as one<br />
normally saw very little of the fixture housings and bodies.<br />
We then recognized the two “icon” towers at each end of the<br />
scheme as our central focus “performers.” The design of the<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
center is simply two plazas — one named Hollywood and one<br />
named Fiesta — measuring nearly 150 ft in diameter, connected<br />
with a curved passage between them. The curved passage,<br />
several hundred feet long was named “the Paseo,” and would<br />
be similar to a typical European “high street” with restaurants,<br />
bars and trendy shopping. This area would have the least<br />
amount of lighting animation and sound FX as it tended to the<br />
relaxed component of the entertainment philosophy.<br />
The Fiesta Plaza, not shown in the pictorial, was intended<br />
to be the more active of the two plazas. It actually has two<br />
towers. The first tower is called the DJ tower and — as the<br />
name implies — has a central DJ control system, which, by<br />
touch-screen interface, allows the user to interrupt the normal<br />
sound and light shows and take over manual operation<br />
of the moving lights and audio system. The second tower is<br />
90 ft high and designed in a perforated metal spiral or helix,<br />
which arrives at the peak to terminate in a mesh, inverted<br />
cone. As this is the most active space, IC affixed a dozen flash<br />
units and a number of vertically oriented EC-1s to wash animated<br />
light up the helix.<br />
The Hollywood Tower is located adjacent to an AMC 24<br />
Cinema on one side and mostly fast food establishments on the<br />
other. It also measures 90 ft tall and has a diameter of nearly 30<br />
ft. Given that it was designed and engineered prior to IC’s directive<br />
to produce an animated show design, the challenge to<br />
make this tower a show feature was the greatest that IC’s<br />
designers faced.<br />
The tower has a perforated metal cladding for its exterior and<br />
an “inner egg” of metal framework and clear plastic panels. As<br />
an architectural lighting opportunity, we looked at creating several<br />
illusions of space and volume.<br />
First, the most obvious design opportunity was to separate<br />
the inner egg and outer surface by lighting inside the outer skin<br />
with white PAR 64s pointing up and down, attached to a new<br />
speedrail that needed to be welded to the inside of the previously<br />
designed tubular structure. These would have chase<br />
capability, along with a variety of other effects that could be<br />
LD+A/April 2001 41
(left, top) Illuminated fruit graphics, architectural and service lighting<br />
are controlled by the central show control to monitor timing for energy<br />
management. (left, bottom) The goal for this project was to work within<br />
the parameters of large-scaled architectural features and themes to<br />
produce a space that conveys the excitement, glamour and intense<br />
theatrical experience of a Hollywood film opening. This view, from the<br />
corridor linking the two major plazas together, expresses the scale of the<br />
project. (right) Intelligent lights and dimmed PARS timed to music<br />
allow chase effects to animate the tower for hourly light shows,<br />
creating a beacon that can be seen several miles away.<br />
generated during programming. Second, we washed the outer<br />
skin of the inner egg to make it glow within the structure in a<br />
pearlescent fashion.<br />
Third, and perhaps most interesting, we made the inner egg<br />
a “solid” element by filling it with fog and mounting EC-1 color<br />
wash units within. Fourth, we needed this tower as a lighting<br />
position to create an illuminated and sometimes animated<br />
street scene. For that purpose, we mounted four, weatherproofenclosed,<br />
High End Systems Cyberlights at the very top of the<br />
Tower, which have the capability of hitting many points in the<br />
plaza. Finally, from other positions in the plaza, IC used High<br />
End Systems Studio Spots in Ecodomes to illuminate the front<br />
facing façade of the Tower.<br />
Then came the animated fountain in the heart of the plaza.<br />
As part of IC’s show design goals, we recommended to the<br />
owner that he consider an animated and performing water display<br />
with the ability to be programmed to sound. It comes in a<br />
package that includes a dichroic lighting system.<br />
We offered to take the show design concept to an even higher<br />
level by taking the “machine code” of the water feature control<br />
system and synchronizing it to our lighting programming.<br />
The result, we predicted, would be an “immersion experience”<br />
unlike that achieved outside of the theme park industry.<br />
Fortunately for us, a new team member appeared from<br />
Heron in the person of Nicole Ronson. Ronson, an experienced<br />
media producer and founder of Nicron Productions in<br />
the U.K. had recently come on board as the entertainment<br />
director for Heron. If there was any doubt that this new concept<br />
would fail to produce an even more enhanced experience,<br />
she calmed any fears.<br />
Once all of the concepts were approved, the IC team, led by<br />
Ronson, embarked on a music search that compiled more than<br />
500 CD’s of music that ranged in genre from World to Motown.<br />
Music was the most important factor in the overall lighting<br />
design; as this was to be a light show first and an “enhanced<br />
ambient scheme” second. I applaud my able son Benjamin for<br />
the initial research, sound editing, sound manipulation and<br />
compilation. His knowledge of world music and popular music<br />
set us on a course that proved quite successful.<br />
Adding music concepts at a furious pace were Michael<br />
Shulman and Nicole Ronson. Once the team had narrowed the<br />
selections to around 100, we finalized our “light shots,” overall<br />
lighting placement and mounting details.<br />
All the while, Kenneth Klemmer, the IC design director, was<br />
designing and supervising the balance of the architectural lighting<br />
scheme and coordinating the lighting of the owner’s megagraphics<br />
package. Heron’s David Fraser in conjunction with<br />
Lara Farnum and Mark Goldstein of Fitch led the mega-graphics<br />
design team. Scott Stephens, Michael Shulman and Larry<br />
Shirmer of IC were simultaneously developing one of the most<br />
sophisticated show control packages ever to be built.<br />
The system begins with the ability to completely monitor the<br />
controls and functions as well as the ability to upload new program<br />
schedules. It is almost entirely redundant with failsafe<br />
back-ups for audio and lighting. The system is the “show start”<br />
and “show off” for the water systems as well. This became a<br />
requirement in order to synchronize sound and light shows<br />
with sound light and water shows, as both are distinct and play<br />
at alternate times. Manual overrides are accomplished by touch<br />
screen with password protection.<br />
Because of the vast distances signals had to travel, and the<br />
need for two-way communication between the lighting, audio<br />
and water systems, IC used a Strand fiber optic network with<br />
nodes in each of the towers. In all, four universes of DMX are<br />
almost entirely filled. The main lighting controller is a High<br />
End Systems Whole Hog II rack mount that contains all of the<br />
lighting programs. It responds to a variety of signal protocols<br />
required to enable monitoring and “if then” functions which<br />
are polling constantly throughout the network. Nothing about<br />
any of the system integration and automation was “off the<br />
shelf;” all of the interaction between devices was a matter of<br />
code programming.<br />
The “enhanced ambient” design is, in a sense, what remains<br />
between water shows and light shows. Not much time exists between<br />
the “big shows,” and it is important not to let the audience<br />
cool down inbetween. The team designed slow moving color<br />
washes and changing gobos to entertain children who bore easily.<br />
Star gobos that move slowly around the plazas have a mystical<br />
attraction for the kids, who chase after them endlessly.<br />
Part of the enhanced ambient look of the space is to provide<br />
good quality light and colored light for street performers, who<br />
— from time to time — roam the plazas, gathering an audience,<br />
returning to a space that is lighted for their purpose.<br />
Finally, the on-site show programming of the towers, and all<br />
of the other special features, took place during the most desperately<br />
cold and rainy days (and nights) of December through<br />
March. The IC team, led by Michael Shulman, of Chas Herington<br />
and Joe Allegro (lighting programming), Scott Stephens<br />
(show control and network), Larry Shirmer (audio and show<br />
control), Sheila Fitchett (special projects coordinator), Ken<br />
Klemmer and John Bartley (focus and DMX) embarked on a<br />
frozen journey of months of programming after dark.<br />
The result was 15 sound and light shows, 25 water shows<br />
supported by sound and light and a series of enhanced ambient<br />
effects between them.<br />
The final test of this exercise was the visitors. In a professionally<br />
taken marketing poll, the consumers rated the shows the<br />
number two reason for coming to the center. The number one<br />
reason was to see a movie. Statistically speaking, this means perhaps<br />
one million people would come just to see the shows.<br />
The designers: Ron Harwood,<br />
IES, founded <strong>Illuminating</strong> Concepts,<br />
Ltd. (IC) in 1981. IC is an<br />
international multi-disciplinary<br />
firm that blends architectural and<br />
theatrical lighting with acoustic<br />
design, projections systems and<br />
special FX of all forms. Harwood<br />
has been active in producing theatrical and musical performances in folk<br />
music and blues since 1963 and was nominated for a Grammy in 1982. He<br />
has been an IESNA member for five years.<br />
Michael Shulman is a lighting designer for <strong>Illuminating</strong> Concepts, Ltd. He has<br />
a BFA in Theatrical Design and Minors in Art History & Business from<br />
Marymount College, Manhattan. From road shows to television to Broadway<br />
theatre, Shulman has experience in all areas of theatrical lighting and effects.<br />
42 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org<br />
www.iesna.org
2000<br />
INTERNATIONAL ILLUMINATION DESIGN AWARDS<br />
(top) This concept visual of the<br />
Millennium Dome shows the internally lighted<br />
300 ft high masts and glowing<br />
perimeter plant cylinders.<br />
(bottom) This view matches the<br />
concept visual, with the internal white<br />
uplighting used on grey days shown<br />
“bleeding” through the fabric.<br />
(opposite, top) A view of the completed<br />
project, with the internal blue<br />
uplighting intentionally “bleeding” through.<br />
The lighting was designed and<br />
installed in fewer than two years.<br />
(opposite, bottom) The Meridian Line itself<br />
was defined by a ground recessed<br />
continuous row of red LEDs. Throughout the<br />
entire site, by using low energy sources,<br />
the energy consumption was only 0.057 W/sq ft.<br />
The Millennium<br />
Dome was one of the<br />
icons celebrating the<br />
media-hyped “end of<br />
the millennium.”<br />
Lighted by the firm of<br />
Speirs and Major Ltd.,<br />
the project was<br />
awarded a<br />
Paul Waterbury<br />
Award of Excellence<br />
for Outdoor<br />
Lighting Design.<br />
Mark Major<br />
details the firm’s work.<br />
®<br />
MILLENNIUM<br />
MASTERPIECE<br />
The Millennium Dome Project was sponsored by two governments, but paid<br />
for by proceeds from the National Lottery (a sort of voluntary tax). It was a<br />
massive ‘expo’ erected in the East of London on a derelict gas works, and it<br />
was intended to represent the expression of British Life at the end of the 20th<br />
Century. It was all to be housed in the world’s largest single span tensile structure<br />
designed by Richard Roger Partnership and the engineers Buro Happold.<br />
The first image produced for the Millennium Dome project in September 1997 was<br />
a drawing looking across the River Thames towards the site. The colored, pencil and<br />
ink rendering showed the fabric of this enormous structure glowing with pastel purple-blue<br />
light set against the Greenwich skyline. Punctuating the image were the<br />
strongly uplighted yellow masts and the huge ‘plant cylinders’ lighted in fiery red.<br />
The whole scene was softly reflected in the darkness of the river Thames.<br />
Almost two-and-a-half years later, that impression of the Millennium Dome<br />
became the “brand image” of the project, gracing every poster, television advertisement<br />
and leaflet that promised “One Amazing Day.” Indeed, the illuminated form of<br />
the Dome even found a way onto everything from t-shirts and notebooks to<br />
McDonald’s tray covers!<br />
For the design team, this was a lesson in how exterior lighting can go way beyond<br />
its normal role.<br />
Our approach to exterior lighting has always been to look at the “big scale.” Our<br />
backgrounds in architecture provide us with a good grounding in urban design and<br />
planning and the necessary confidence to grab a “city size” problem and deal with it.<br />
44 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org<br />
Our philosophy is based on the principle that the external<br />
environment is effectively a blank canvass after dark, and the<br />
way we choose to light it will affect character, meaning and<br />
interpretation. In turn, this will inform such factors as safety,<br />
economic success, sustainability, etc.<br />
When we were asked to illuminate the Millennium Dome,<br />
we quickly prepared a “Lighting Masterplan.” This was done in<br />
close collaboration with the architects and the show lighting<br />
designer (Patrick Woodroffe). Our remit also included the<br />
main architectural lighting to the interior. This meant all the<br />
internal elements likely to affect the external image were also<br />
within our brief.<br />
The building itself (all 800,000 sq ft of it) sat centrally on the<br />
site. To the west, the scheme included the entrance, ticket kiosks<br />
and queuing zone. A network of large tensile canopies covered<br />
this area linking facilities such as shops, restaurants, etc.<br />
To the East was a 250 ft long bridge and pontoon for those<br />
coming by river traffic. The VIP and service areas were to the<br />
west.<br />
The whole site was wrapped by a riverside walk. Artwork by<br />
leading British artists such as Anthony Gormley, Anish Kapoor<br />
and Richard Wilson were placed throughout the site.<br />
The highlight, of course, was the Meridian Line itself. This<br />
extended from the Royal Observatory at Greenwich over the<br />
river and across one corner of the site. This is the line where<br />
time begins and ends, and this theme underscored much of the<br />
main concept for the whole architectural scheme.<br />
Given the brief and the setting, the approach could be<br />
therefore kept simple. It should also be said that the relatively<br />
tight budget dictated that there was little room for extravagant<br />
detailing.<br />
The scheme<br />
Given the client’s requirement for the building to function<br />
safely, be easy to maintain, minimize energy use and provide<br />
“fitness for purpose” at all times, it was agreed that the lighting<br />
should be designed at a level one would generally expect to<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
find within a permanent building and landscape scheme. This<br />
also supported the idea that the building and key structures<br />
would remain as “legacy items” to be re-used after 2001.<br />
While working with Patrick Woodroffe and the production<br />
team, we came up with suggestions of how architectural lighting<br />
could be used dynamically through interfacing the architectural<br />
and show lighting control systems.<br />
These elements were carefully selected for their effect when<br />
viewed from a distance, especially from the neighbouring towers<br />
of Canary Wharf, and from aircraft coming into Heathrow<br />
and City Airport.<br />
In designing the scheme, we went for a policy of providing<br />
no amenity lighting, with the exception being along the<br />
Riverside Walk. This path was lighted with 4 m high column<br />
mounted lanterns using 70 W CDM lamps. These were selected<br />
to assure continuity of detail with the neighbouring site<br />
The concept was then to light all the architectural and landscape<br />
elements and provide no other amenity lighting. This<br />
achieved many goals.<br />
First, it provided a site which was clearly legible at night,<br />
thereby assisting with general orientation as well as creating the<br />
image. Second, it provided a large amount of reflected light,<br />
which created sufficient ambience to fulfil basic requirements<br />
for visual acuity and safety. Third, by concentrating light mainly<br />
on vertical objects rather than on the horizontal plane, it<br />
helped define the visual boundaries.<br />
The yellow masts were lighted using 250 W metal halide narrow<br />
angle projectors set inside the structure. They were carefully<br />
louvered to meet the approval of the Civil Aviation<br />
Authority. At the base of each mast was a huge concrete block<br />
anchoring the main structural cables. Bulkheads with red filters<br />
using compact fluorescent lamps were fixed to these making a<br />
deliberate reference back to the red LED aviation lights at the<br />
top of the mast.<br />
Knowing that the internal fabric of the dome would glow<br />
from within meant that the decision to uplight the external<br />
overhangs was made early. This was done with approximately.<br />
LD+A/April 2001 45<br />
PHOTOS: COLIN BALL/MANDY REYNOLDS/MORLEY VON STERNBERG
(top) The internally glowing entrance ticket pods<br />
contrast with the metal halide canopy uplights.<br />
(middle) The perimeter of the Dome is uplighted<br />
from the ground externally, and from special<br />
column-mounted brackets immediately inside.<br />
(bottom) By illuminating given architectural features,<br />
area floodlights were not used. The majority of lighting<br />
was low level LED sources with perimeter<br />
vertical surfaces defined.<br />
300 adjustable direct burial uplighters, using 70 W<br />
CDM-T lamps. These not only washed the fabric<br />
above, but also highlighted the fine steel structure<br />
supporting the translucent cladding. The larger<br />
overhangs were illuminated using wide angle floodlights<br />
employing 150 W CDM-TD lamps.<br />
The 12 large plant cylinders were the “engine rooms” of the<br />
scheme containing the ventilation, electrical switch gear, cisterns,<br />
etc. The open framework of these massive pods was covered<br />
in vertical louvers. It was decided to light these internally<br />
with a bold, red light using 500 W tungsten-halogen floodlights<br />
fitted with dichroic filters, which were specified to allow<br />
for total flexibility of control. The floodlights were circuited by<br />
level, and each was separately addressed by cylinder to allow<br />
the show system to create chases and effects. The legs and mesh<br />
covered maintenance stair were also lighted to help connect the<br />
cylinders back to the ground and provide safe lighting in the<br />
adjacent area.<br />
It was decided that the canopies that traversed the site would<br />
be uplighted. The larger ones were from asymmetric floodlights<br />
using 70 W CDM-T lamps bracketed off the support columns.<br />
The smaller canopies were lighted from the ground using 35 W<br />
CDM direct burials.<br />
The ticket kiosks were internally illuminated<br />
using two colors of cold cathode: blue at the base<br />
and white at the top. When the kiosk was in use,<br />
both lamps would be on together with local task<br />
lighting to the desk. When closed, only the blue<br />
lamps would be on. Other merchandise kiosks were<br />
simply lighted with a variety of tungsten-halogen<br />
uplighting and spotlighting.<br />
The main piazza was illuminated from the indirect<br />
light reflected off the canopies surrounding it.<br />
Across the area lay a grid of color change luminaires,<br />
which also contained a xenon strobe allowing the<br />
show designers to create different effects to be seen<br />
from the air.<br />
Various vertical landscape features bounded the<br />
site. The Hanging Gardens, which surrounded a<br />
large vent shaft from the underground system, was<br />
clad in falling plants, which were backlighted with<br />
linear fluorescent. The Living Wall, which formed<br />
the western boundary to the site, was lighted using<br />
a mix of low voltage tungsten-halogen and compact<br />
fluorescent.<br />
There were two pavilions on the site in the form<br />
of The Rotunda, a venue, and the Greenwich<br />
Pavilion, an exhibition and restaurant facility. Both<br />
of these were large structures in their own right, but<br />
in the interests of maintaining the hierarchy across<br />
the site, all the external presence came from the<br />
internal lighting glowing out.<br />
The canting brow bridge and pontoon were the<br />
major gateways from the river. The large, arched<br />
steel structure was painted blue and so it was lighted<br />
in a deep shade of that color to saturate it. The<br />
canopy that then ran along its length was uplighted from the<br />
ground from a specially designed color change luminaire,<br />
which used a red, green and two blue dichroic filtered MR16s<br />
to create different color mixes.<br />
The architectural control system was employed to mix the<br />
various channels of lighting, which were circuited in groups to<br />
create a slowly rippling color change, which almost seemed to<br />
move with the water. The pontoon itself employed white<br />
canopy lighting to provide safe but discrete functional lighting<br />
for disembarkation of the boats.<br />
The final feature to be considered was the one that, in many<br />
ways, was central to the story of the Millennium Dome: the<br />
lighting of the Meridian Line. One of the reasons the<br />
Greenwich peninsular was chosen as a site for the project was<br />
its relation to Greenwich and the Meridian — the line that symbolizes<br />
“where time begins.” This was formed with red LED<br />
strip set flush into the ground and mirrored at the boundary to<br />
create an infinite line.<br />
The Presentation<br />
Despite the fact that New Years Eve 2000 saw an incredible<br />
celebration to mark the new Millennium, the project was<br />
dogged throughout the year by negative publicity, management<br />
scandals and other issues that diverted from the fact that more<br />
than six million people enjoyed “One Amazing Day.”<br />
For those that were there after dark, the exterior lighting<br />
played a positive role in setting the scene for what one would<br />
enjoy inside. For millions more who flew over, drove past or<br />
even witnessed on television the splendor of the Millennium<br />
Dome, by nightfall, the architectural lighting became one of the<br />
positive stories of that year.<br />
One year later, the Dome has fallen dark. Further political<br />
scandal surrounds its future. The internal exhibition and show,<br />
the internal lighting and other features have been ripped out.<br />
Some, regardless of the colossal waste of resources it would represent,<br />
have even called for the building to be ripped down.<br />
Despite all this — Richard Rogers Partnership’s great building,<br />
together with its architectural lighting scheme, at this time<br />
remain intact — waiting to support new life for the building.<br />
The designers: Jonathan Speirs<br />
BSc (Hons); Dip. Arch; RIBA;<br />
ARIAS; IALD; ELDA; FRSA<br />
trained as an architect and has<br />
more than 17 years experience as<br />
an independent lighting consultant.<br />
He co-founded Lighting<br />
Design Partnership (LDP) in<br />
1984. In June 1992, he left LDP to form Jonathan Speirs and Associates in<br />
Edinburgh. In January 1993, he opened a London office in association with<br />
Mark Major as the London-based office of the Lighting Architects Group. He<br />
has been awarded a number of lighting awards, including a Guth Award and<br />
three Paul Waterbury Awards in 2000.<br />
Mark Major BA (Hons); Dip.Arch; RIBA; IALD; ELDA; FRSA trained and practiced<br />
as an architect prior to choosing to focus on the special relationship<br />
between light and architecture. He worked with Lighting Design Partnership<br />
(LDP) between 1984 and 1988 where he worked closely with Jonathan Speirs.<br />
He formed his own architecture and lighting practice, MRA, in 1989 with<br />
German Architect Knud Rossen. In 1993 MRA formed an association with<br />
Jonathan Speirs and Associates in Edinburgh. He has received a number of<br />
awards including IALD, IIDA and UK National Lighting Awards.<br />
46 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
REVOLUTIONIZING THE<br />
REST STOP<br />
“We wanted to enhance the image of the state of Ohio.”<br />
— Enrico Zamporelli, executive director,<br />
Ohio Turnpike Commission<br />
“GSI Architects’ designs clearly incorporate the Ohio Turnpike<br />
Commission’s ongoing goals and commitment to provide superior<br />
service to turnpike travelers. These innovative travel centers are<br />
a tangible symbol of that commitment.”<br />
— Alan Plain, former executive director,<br />
Ohio Turnpike Commission<br />
(above) The sight of a rest stop can be a welcome one when driving<br />
the nation’s major thoroughfares. In the case of the Ohio Turnpike,<br />
the lighting design transformed the familiar setting into a more<br />
innovative one, with emphasis on increasing patron comfort.<br />
(opposite) In the service plaza buildings, two large circular rooms,<br />
anchored by a service spine and major site axis, organize the building<br />
layout. The service area and lobby houses restroom and business<br />
facilities, a travel/gift shop, vending area, game room and telephones.<br />
Since the 1950s,<br />
service plazas have been<br />
familiar and valuable<br />
assets for travelers along<br />
major U.S. highways.<br />
For years, these rest stops<br />
have maintained a<br />
near-uniform appearance.<br />
Geraldine Kiefer<br />
describes the innovative<br />
design style of the<br />
newly remodeled<br />
Ohio Turnpike<br />
travel centers.<br />
When the Ohio Turnpike was designed in the mid-<br />
1950s, 16 service plazas were included. The service<br />
plaza concept had originated earlier on the<br />
Pennsylvania Turnpike, and consisted of gas pumps and auto<br />
service facilities with an adjacent service building housing a<br />
family-style restaurant, restrooms, a small sundries shop, maps,<br />
and some travel information. Much like the gas stations and<br />
motels ubiquitous in America after World War II, this restaurant<br />
was a low, family-scaled structure with residential imagery<br />
and materials-ranch styling, gabled roof, Pennsylvania limestone<br />
facade, and white wood trim. The design intended to<br />
offer the comforts of home for mobile families on the road.<br />
Another model for the service plaza was America’s favorite<br />
1950s restaurant, Howard Johnson’s. As noted by Phil<br />
Patton, “In the 1950s, variety in food on the turnpike meant<br />
28 flavors of ice cream to follow the wrinkled frankfurters in<br />
paperboard trays.”<br />
The Ohio Turnpike service plazas, like their Pennsylvania<br />
ancestors, were designed in pairs, one servicing westbound traffic<br />
and the other servicing vehicles traveling eastbound. Their<br />
48 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org<br />
names reflect their location, with references to geographical,<br />
natural, historical, botanical, and even ornithological features.<br />
In 1994, the Ohio Turnpike Commission (OTC) embarked<br />
on a long-range plan to improve and widen the roadway and all<br />
turnpike facilities. This plan and the study it generated identified<br />
the service plazas as antiquated and no longer serviceable.<br />
The poor condition of the plazas was matched by their inability<br />
to accommodate the increasing volume of vehicular traffic.<br />
Moreover, the plazas were not providing the variety and technologies<br />
of service required by the vast array of 21st century<br />
travelers, including business people, travel groups, and truckers,<br />
as well as families.<br />
The cost of remodeling the old plazas versus constructing<br />
new ones was comparable, due to the extent of site work<br />
required with either option. After conducting a patron research<br />
study, the OTC opted to build new structures and to strategize<br />
their design for maximum functionality and flexibility, to last<br />
another 40-plus years.<br />
Because of their proven success in designing facilities<br />
for business, commerce and technology, as well<br />
as in multi-use site planning, GSI Architects, Inc.<br />
was selected as designers of the Ohio Turnpike travel<br />
centers.<br />
The program was a complete metamorphosis of<br />
the service plaza into a state-of-the-art travel center,<br />
with services and amenities geared towards seasonally-fluctuating<br />
volume, need, flexibility and patron<br />
choice. The new concept of “travel center” was not<br />
just a rest stop, but a functionally targeted destination<br />
spot with services normally expected from a<br />
regional shopping mall or airport.<br />
The patron survey conducted by the OTC, as well<br />
as the Commission’s facility study, resulted in a program<br />
that included the following: varied food service<br />
operations, operating much like a shopping mall<br />
food court with common seating; a generously sized,<br />
informative lobby; larger, well-marked restroom<br />
facilities and a family restroom; a business center<br />
with fax, copy machine, and ATM; telephone stations;<br />
a vending machine and game area; a travel<br />
shop and flagship gift shop; and a separate area for<br />
truckers including a “living room” with TV, laundry<br />
room and showers.<br />
Visitor services included continually updated<br />
lodging availability, a meal or snack from a variety<br />
of vendors, including fast-food and sit-down-style<br />
establishments; state-of-the-art, pristine restrooms,<br />
and amenities designed for the busy person<br />
on the go.<br />
The complex was designed as a “transportation node” — a<br />
hub including parking, fueling, vehicular service and traveler<br />
services.<br />
Dynamic, directional look<br />
Sleek and horizontal, the travel centers were inspired by the<br />
Wrightian Prairie Style, present in northern Ohio in a number<br />
of houses designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. (One of these houses<br />
is in Oberlin, in the immediate vicinity of the turnpike.)<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
“The buildings have a strong sense of eaves,” says Celso<br />
Gilberti, principal, GSI Architects, Inc. GSI’s prairie style is also<br />
modeled after its contemporary equivalents: “the better shopping<br />
airports” of the East and Midwest. The centers also possess<br />
a look of sleek elegance, which is given visibility in form<br />
and detail in the columns of the food court. Faced inside and<br />
outside with bricks of a similar pattern and hue, the columns<br />
appear to glide effortlessly through the perimeter windows as<br />
they “clock” the volume’s circumference.<br />
Vertical elements give the travel centers a distinctive identity<br />
from the road. Each travel center is “announced” by a 75 ft tall<br />
vertical tower at its outermost extension. These “Portals of<br />
Ohio” provide the requisite visual clues for motorists, functioning<br />
in the same way as the high hotel, fuel and food service<br />
signs adjacent to interstates.<br />
Corresponding features and details reinforce the travel center<br />
stop as an experience. These include the smaller, 35 ft towers<br />
at the patron parking entrance of the center; an outdoor<br />
trellis which can accommodate a farmer’s market, small vendor<br />
kiosks, and artist/craftsman demonstrations, promoting “see<br />
Ohio” events; and the food court itself, where floodlighting and<br />
accent lighting transform it into a glowing orb by night.<br />
Strong Geometry<br />
Two large circular “rooms,” anchored by a service spine and<br />
major site axis, organize the building program. The first room<br />
is the central building feature, encompassing a light-filled,<br />
LD+A/April 2001 49
Minimum architectural lighting<br />
was required outside, given<br />
the nature of the clerestory<br />
windows and punched openings,<br />
which give the building a<br />
surprisingly transparent<br />
appearance at night. Lighting<br />
bollards by Kim were used<br />
for additional pedestrian<br />
lighting between the<br />
building and auto parking.<br />
glowing food court with space for five food vendors and an<br />
independent restaurant. It is roofed with a shallow copper<br />
dome spanning a diameter of 80 ft. The space accommodates<br />
feature and seasonal displays at its center, as well as generously<br />
spaced seating with tables of varying configurations. As one<br />
moves from the center to the periphery of the food court, partition<br />
“arcs” define an inner circle and set off four smaller dining<br />
areas, each marked by dual light towers.<br />
The second room, linked to the food court by a vestibule, is<br />
the service area and lobby. This space houses restroom and<br />
business facilities, a kiosk-style travel/gift shop, vending area,<br />
game room and telephones, and links to the separate trucker<br />
area. The “destination wall,” a major design element and the<br />
arc of a huge circle, can accommodate seasonal and regional<br />
displays. At the convergence of the visual axes established by<br />
the four lobby entrances (the two “front doors,” the trucker<br />
entrance and the food court vestibule) is the information<br />
booth. Its curved, stepped countertop provides ample space for<br />
opening and marking maps or browsing through brochures.<br />
Designed into the booth are brochure racks. Each travel center’s<br />
brochures feature local and regional attractions.<br />
State-of-the-art lighting<br />
The lighting design for the new service area plazas for the<br />
Ohio Turnpike respond to the owner’s mandate for all elements<br />
of the design: The new facilities had to be durable, efficient and<br />
easily maintained. Further, lighting, as in all public facilities,<br />
plays a role in safety and sense of security for Turnpike patrons.<br />
The lighting design is a natural evolution of the architectural<br />
massing and articulation.<br />
Natural lighting and artificial lighting complement each<br />
other, especially in the large lobby and food court spaces of<br />
the building. A long, curving brick wall topped by a continuous<br />
band of clerestory windows forms the entrance lobby to<br />
the facility, connecting auto parking areas and the auto fueling<br />
areas. Natural light animates the space during the day. At<br />
night, the building glows from within and the roof, with its<br />
long extended overhangs, appears to float structurally unsupported<br />
above the wall. The lobby space is designed with fluorescent<br />
downlights for general lighting, track lighting by Halo<br />
using 50 W PAR 20 lamps for display wall areas, and an array<br />
of Louis Poulsen pendant-mounted fluorescent fixtures above<br />
the information desk. Here, as in the rest of the building, light<br />
fixtures are specified to provide architectural interest as well<br />
as specific lighting tasks.<br />
The lobby features an electronic information center, with<br />
wall-mounted fiber optic signage delineating the weather,<br />
news, construction, and traffic delay/redirection information.<br />
In the food court, a continuous band of punched windows<br />
below the domed roof brings splashes of natural light into<br />
this space, and expands on the architectural language of floating<br />
roof planes. At floor level, patrons have a view out to the<br />
exterior dining areas and the highway through large windows<br />
separated by a series of brick piers. The dome is lighted with<br />
a ring of adjustable asymmetric indirect metal halide fixtures<br />
by Lam, mounted just below the clerestory of punched windows.<br />
These fixtures evenly wash the 80 ft wide and 24 ft<br />
high domed space, while providing easy access to the fixtures<br />
for maintenance.<br />
Two additional levels of artificial lighting reduce the scale<br />
of the space and give it some intimacy. Eight pairs of metal<br />
halide Louis Poulsen luminaires on individual 12 ft poles<br />
mounted on the 4.5 ft high partitions, which zone the food<br />
court space for seating, queuing, and condiments, animate<br />
the large space at one scale. They have an old-time streetlight<br />
feel, a subtly nostalgic effect that recalls the best designs of<br />
today’s malls. Fluorescent Louis Poulsen sconces, one on each<br />
pier, animate the space on a more human scale. These luminaires,<br />
with their horizontal, Saturn-like rings, expand on the<br />
architectural language of horizontal lines and floating roof<br />
planes. The fixtures are space-definers, as with the polemounted<br />
fixtures, and are accents for highlighting architectural<br />
features, as with the sconces.<br />
The gift shop has all of the features of high-end specialty<br />
stores: high-intensity, track-mounted luminaires, recessed<br />
lighting, glass display walls, and sparkling display panels.<br />
Shielded, cornice-mounted lighting along the circumference<br />
gives the shop a glowing, almost weightless quality. It<br />
becomes a destination point responding to the destination<br />
wall.<br />
In the more utilitarian spaces, fluorescent sources are typical.<br />
However, the main public restrooms, combine an artful<br />
use of an indirect linear fixture mounted above the mirrors<br />
which evenly illuminates a half barrel vaulted ceiling. A<br />
recessed cove on the other side of these rooms completes the<br />
lighting scheme of evenly washed surfaces and no visible<br />
light sources.<br />
Minimum architectural lighting was required outside,<br />
given the nature of the clerestory windows and punched<br />
openings, which give the building a surprisingly transparent<br />
appearance at night, while articulating the building’s formal<br />
architectural features. Area lighting for the parking and access<br />
lanes are all 45 ft high pole mounted 400 and 1000 W metal<br />
halide luminaires by LSI. These relatively high pole heights<br />
were used to minimize the number of fixtures interrupting<br />
the parking areas. Lighting bollards by Kim were used for<br />
additional pedestrian walkway lighting between the building<br />
and auto parking.<br />
Inner décor provides ‘mood’<br />
The inner “landscape” of the food court is equally appealing<br />
and memorable. Beneath the glowing dome and perimeter<br />
walls are the various concessionaires whose establishments<br />
are marked with the trademark “Wendy’s” or “Panera<br />
Bread” in warm, glowing neon. The signature decor of the sitdown<br />
restaurant provides additional warmth and coziness.<br />
The floor tile scheme tracks the food court/lobby axis in appetizing<br />
colors: mocha, latte, buff, ivory and a chocolatey hue<br />
that can best be described as “Oreo shake.” The ivory hue<br />
continues in the ivory-colored bricks, which define the<br />
perimeter seating elevation. Above this level, the brick color<br />
changes to traditional terracotta.<br />
The walls of the travel center are faced in a palette of<br />
orange-red or reddish burgundy brick, cut in a small, Roman<br />
pattern that gives texture and visual interest. (The orange and<br />
burgundy schemes alternate from one turnpike center to the<br />
next, in a scheme that unifies the 16 centers across the state.)<br />
Small landscaped areas provide pet walking facilities, line<br />
entrance ways and screen service areas from view. The main<br />
entrance ramp is lined with trees and wildflowers to provide<br />
an inviting, parklike quality. The site is lined with trees and the<br />
landscaped camping area is well screened from service areas<br />
and ramps.<br />
New facilities on the New York State Thruway — larger<br />
plazas with more services and more varied food — reflect the<br />
Ohio influence. Representatives of other turnpikes continue to<br />
visit Ohio’s travel centers.<br />
However, the full effect can be experienced only in the driving.<br />
There’s nothing like the jolt when, after reading the green<br />
sign that says “Service plaza, one mile, travel information,” one<br />
pulls into a facility which makes that 50-year-old phrase not<br />
only a promise, but an understatement. Like the decades-old<br />
slogan, “the pause that refreshes,” the turnpike promise of<br />
immediate, informative service has been newly, refreshingly,<br />
and delightfully reinvented. At the travel center mileposts, it<br />
becomes a reality.<br />
The author: Geraldine Wojno Kiefer is visiting assistant<br />
professor in the department of Art History and<br />
Humanities at John Carroll University, and assistant professor<br />
of Art History at Kent State University. She writes<br />
on modern art, photography, architecture and design, and<br />
is currently working on a book on the early photographs<br />
of Margaret Bourke-White.<br />
50 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
NOT IN<br />
MY DARK YARD<br />
Light trespass has become an industry buzzword over<br />
the past few years. But as Edward Kramer explains,<br />
simply eliminating light trespass doesn’t solve the whole<br />
problem. You also have to address light pollution.<br />
In recent years, the issue of light trespass<br />
has become a hotly debated<br />
topic. Although this article specifically<br />
addresses roadway and street lighting<br />
installations, the same principles and<br />
design challenges apply to lighting<br />
design tasks with shopping centers and<br />
office building parking lots. Today, while<br />
citizens are requiring increased lighting<br />
for safety and security, it is up to lighting<br />
specifiers and manufacturers to make<br />
certain that light control is added to the<br />
design specifications.<br />
As lighting, civil, municipal or roadway<br />
engineers, specifiers design lighting<br />
systems as they always have done in the<br />
past. Designs meet the seven minimum fc<br />
requirements and stringent max/min and<br />
aver/min ratio requirements imposed.<br />
Why then, do design specifiers often get<br />
more complaints today? It is because a<br />
new design element must be added to<br />
lighting design specifications: “Environmentally-friendly.”<br />
Not only must required<br />
lighting levels be met, but it must<br />
be done in a manner that eliminates<br />
“light pollution” and “light trespass.”<br />
Engineers know what effective lighting<br />
is. They know how to clearly list<br />
design criteria, and they know the right<br />
way to design a project. They also know<br />
that new products and technologies are<br />
emerging on a regular basis. That is why<br />
our designs of yesterday may no longer<br />
be what’s best for today’s society and<br />
today’s needs. Modern technology, manufacturing<br />
capabilities and an enhanced<br />
ability to better understand how to control<br />
and analyze light distribution, have<br />
changed the way engineers design and<br />
evaluate roadway and outdoor lighting<br />
designs.<br />
Let’s take a closer look at these new<br />
design considerations. As a society, we<br />
want and demand lighted highways both<br />
for safety and security. But as property<br />
owners, we don’t want any stray light on<br />
our property. There are two terms that<br />
are generally used to describe these concerns:<br />
“Light Trespass” and “Light<br />
Pollution.”<br />
While these terms are often used interchangeably,<br />
they actually describe two<br />
distinctly different phenomenon, often<br />
caused by the same street, roadway or<br />
area light.<br />
“Light Trespass” is the actual light that<br />
falls off the “right of way.” This can be<br />
measured and quantified. In fact, many<br />
professional lighting designers have<br />
actually been obliged to go out at night<br />
and take measurements of the light that<br />
is actually falling off the right-of-way and<br />
onto a concerned citizen’s property.<br />
Often the measurements taken indicate<br />
that the offending light is at a level<br />
less than moonlight! We take our findings<br />
back, write our report, and may<br />
conclude that the complaint is groundless.<br />
We think we are vindicated; we did<br />
our job. The public just doesn’t understand.<br />
They don’t know the differences<br />
between a lumen and a lemon. We finish<br />
our report, document our findings, and<br />
secretly pray that the problem will go<br />
away. Boy, are we wrong.<br />
We addressed “Light Trespass,” but<br />
not “Light Pollution” — the perception<br />
created by source brightness, the actual<br />
brightness of the luminaire — brightness<br />
that, in some cases, can be miles away.<br />
To make the problem go away, we seek<br />
a quick, inexpensive solution to what is<br />
really a complex problem. Our “easy”<br />
answer is that old standby, the houseside<br />
shield. It is an afterthought solution;<br />
a shortsighted luminaire design. This<br />
solution hopes to cure a poorly designed<br />
light fixture installation by adding a<br />
maintenance problem, a large sheet of<br />
metal fastened (often inadequately) to an<br />
already installed fixture.<br />
It is about time we bite the bullet and<br />
take a serious look at our roadway lighting<br />
designs. Just because we designed a<br />
project one way 5, 10 or 20 years ago,<br />
does not mean that design is best for<br />
today. As an analogy, take a look at automobile<br />
designs of today. The evolution of<br />
the automobile over the past 10-20 years<br />
has been phenomenal. Improved safety,<br />
convenience, comfort and economy are<br />
only a few of the benefits resulting from<br />
this evolution. Shouldn’t our lighting<br />
designs reflect similar technological<br />
advancements?<br />
Today, we have available to us roadway<br />
lighting fixtures designed with integral<br />
internal louvers and shielding to control<br />
stray light. These luminaires are<br />
designed for the exacting task of roadway<br />
lighting with optical systems that set<br />
new standards for light control, and recognize<br />
the required economics of installation<br />
and maintenance.<br />
Some communities have adopted<br />
“Dark Sky” legislation and several manufacturers<br />
have begun marketing products<br />
that supposedly address this emotional<br />
outcry.<br />
But does “Dark Sky” solve our problem?<br />
Is “Dark Sky” actually “Dark<br />
Bedroom” or “Dark Front Yard?” The<br />
concept of “Dark Sky” implies that useless<br />
light is blocked from shining directly<br />
into the sky. In itself, it does not even<br />
suggest “Dark Bedroom” or “Dark Front<br />
52 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
(From left to right) (top row) 1: The highmast fixture is a commonly used, economical solution for interchange and roadway lighting. This type of lighting<br />
system has the lowest operating costs, when used with optional internal motor lowering devices. 2: The house-side shield is a piece of sheet metal that is<br />
fastened to the fixture housing. Actual cutoff is usually about 85 degrees, and is limited only to one side. 3: The “dark sky” type of fixtures that seem to<br />
have gained acceptance as a partial solution are, at best, a compromise. These fixtures cut off all light at and above 90 degrees. The fixture does not address<br />
light trespass and, most importantly, light pollution. 4. The 80 degree shield offers total cut-off above 80 degrees from the vertical, with 360 degree radial<br />
control. Light above 80 degrees never reaches the ground, but is considered to be the most objectionable source of direct glare and fixture brightness.<br />
(bottom row) 5: 45 and 75 degree internal louvers give the designer tools that economically optimize fixture placement and reduce maintenance costs. This<br />
is considered the most efficient method to minimize light pollution and light trespass. 6: The most economical solution and aesthetically pleasing alternative<br />
to the common cobrahead or off-set fixture for roadway lighting is the median master style. All internal shielding options are available. 7: The off-set<br />
fixture is a contemporary version of the cobrahead. It provides good light distribution on the roadway, but with the highest glare and light pollution of all<br />
roadway fixtures in use today. 8. The cobrahead, like highmast and off-set fixtures, once had prismatic glass lenses. These lenses create a source brightness<br />
visible from distances as far as several miles away. The visibility of these light sources violates the so-called “dark sky” philosophies, and generally creates<br />
light spill problems. There are now better options.<br />
Yard.” The term means that an attempt is<br />
being made to reduce the amount of<br />
light going into the sky, and that is all.<br />
A common offender of “Dark Sky” and<br />
“Dark Bedroom” are the highmast installations<br />
used on highways, interchanges,<br />
storage yards and major parking lots.<br />
Some communities have succeeded in<br />
eliminating the use of this type of lighting<br />
because of past problems and a misconception<br />
of what is causing light trespass<br />
and light pollution. Installations where<br />
luminaire glare and brightness are objectionable<br />
leave a bad taste in the mouths of<br />
a community. It is the task of engineers<br />
and designers to educate themselves and<br />
the community, so they can specify an<br />
outdoor lighting system that meets all the<br />
necessary specifications.<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
As lighting designers, we need to<br />
make a thorough analysis of the optical<br />
systems that we specify or approve. We<br />
know, but may have forgotten, that<br />
reflector designs that yield peak candlepower<br />
in the range of 65-72 degrees yield<br />
the most economical roadway/outdoor<br />
layouts. We also know that light above<br />
80 degrees from vertical never reaches<br />
the ground. Additionally, we know that<br />
light above 80 degrees is the light that<br />
causes direct glare and generates the<br />
most number of complaints. All outdoor<br />
lighting calculations need to include a<br />
thorough review of the candlepower distribution<br />
of the luminaire selected. A<br />
determination must be made about the<br />
amount of light generated above the<br />
peak candlepower of the fixture.<br />
In conclusion, it is my hope that<br />
lighting engineers and designers will<br />
use the tools and the newest types of<br />
outdoor area lighting luminaires at their<br />
disposal, to develop what will truly be<br />
the most effective and most economical<br />
lighting installations, taking into<br />
account design criteria, both specifically<br />
stated and implied.<br />
The author: Edward J.<br />
Kramer is an electrical engineer<br />
with more than 30 years<br />
in the commercial and industrial<br />
lighting industry. He is<br />
Marketing Director for the<br />
MetroLux Lighting division<br />
of Quality Lighting, a subsidiary<br />
of the JJI Lighting Group, Inc., and he has<br />
been an IESNA member for 28 years.<br />
LD+A/April 2001 53
The term “Cutoff” first entered the<br />
lighting vocabulary in 1937, as a<br />
way to describe a “shielding reflector” for<br />
streetlighting. It has also been used to<br />
describe the angle of cutoff in recessed<br />
luminaires. For many years, it signified<br />
sharp glare control, but was not precisely<br />
quantified.<br />
In 1972, the Roadway Lighting Committee<br />
Recommended Practice RP-8<br />
defined “Cutoff Distribution” and “Semicutoff<br />
Distribution” with restriction on<br />
light intensities at vertical angles of 80<br />
degrees and 90 degrees above nadir. This<br />
was the first time outdoor luminaires<br />
were affected by uplight control in an<br />
IESNA published document. The<br />
descriptions are:<br />
Cutoff: A luminaire light distribution<br />
FULL CUTOFF<br />
LIGHTING:<br />
THE BENEFITS<br />
Although the definitions for cutoff lighting<br />
have remained virtually unchanged for nearly<br />
30 years, a new classification — full cutoff —<br />
has been introduced. Douglas Paulin details<br />
the finer points of this new terminology.<br />
where the candela per 1000 lamp<br />
lumens does not numerically exceed 25<br />
(2.5 percent) at an angle of 90 degrees<br />
above nadir, and 100 (10 percent) at a<br />
vertical angle of 80 degrees above nadir.<br />
This applies to all lateral angles around<br />
the luminaire.<br />
Semicutoff: A luminaire light distribution<br />
where the candela per 1000 lamp<br />
lumens does not numerically exceed 50<br />
(five percent) at an angle of 90 degrees<br />
above nadir, and 200 (20 percent) at a<br />
vertical angle of 80 degrees above nadir.<br />
This applies to all lateral angles around<br />
the luminaire.<br />
Noncutoff: A luminaire light distribution<br />
where there is no candela limitation in<br />
the zone above maximum candela.<br />
Although the wording has changed<br />
slightly since 1972, these definitions of<br />
uplight control have not changed in any<br />
material way. A cutoff luminaire in 1972<br />
is still a cutoff luminaire today. However,<br />
there are practical subtleties that need to<br />
be explained before we can fully appreciate<br />
the differences between these three,<br />
and to understand the new classification<br />
of Full Cutoff.<br />
A luminaire with a Cutoff classification<br />
can (and often does) have some<br />
light above 90 degrees. The definition<br />
of Cutoff says nothing about amounts<br />
of light above 90 degrees, but it is generally<br />
agreed that the light should be no<br />
more than the value at 90 degrees, and<br />
should be decreasing as the angle<br />
increases. In fact, there could be some<br />
measurable light emitted at 180<br />
However,<br />
this<br />
should be<br />
a trade-off<br />
that is in<br />
the hands<br />
of the<br />
lighting<br />
professional,<br />
not anyone<br />
else<br />
When every luminaire on a site has a down-tilt, installation error is evident.<br />
degrees (Zenith). Uplight Control is<br />
what these definitions describe. Not<br />
absolute values, either, since the candela<br />
intensity is a proportion of the<br />
lumen package of the lamp.<br />
Another generalization that can be<br />
made about a cutoff luminaire is that it is<br />
flirting with the limits of the classification<br />
at 80 degrees, not at 90 degrees, and<br />
this will usually occur in the horizontal<br />
plane of the “MAX,” or in simple terms,<br />
the main beam.<br />
A luminaire with a Semicutoff classification<br />
can be something that “just<br />
54 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
(top) Properly up-tilted luminaire<br />
maximizes the illumination on the object.<br />
(bottom) The luminaire is up-tilted in the belief<br />
that the “beam” is perpendicular to the lens.<br />
missed” being cutoff, but the manufacturer<br />
determined that the performance<br />
as measured on the work surfaces was<br />
more important than achieving Cutoff.<br />
This is a trade-off involving glare-control<br />
vs spacing-to-mounting height, and it is<br />
not uncommon in the late 1990s. Some<br />
of the most popular parking lot luminaires<br />
are actually semicutoff, when the<br />
actual photometric report is viewed. It<br />
also follows the earlier discussion on<br />
light above 90 degrees that a luminaire<br />
classified as semicutoff produces even<br />
more light above 90 degrees than a cutoff<br />
luminaire is allowed.<br />
A luminaire with a Noncutoff classification<br />
can also be something that “just<br />
missed” being Semicutoff, or…a “glarebomb”<br />
that puts equal amounts of light<br />
into the heavens as on the ground.<br />
One last issue to understand before<br />
leaving the Cutoff and Semicutoff classi-
House-side striations or bright spots can result from uptilting types II, III or IV.<br />
fications: “Sagged glass” or any formed<br />
lens which drops down below the bottom<br />
of the luminaire housing. The presence<br />
of a “non-flat” lens does not mean<br />
the luminaire is not Cutoff. Sagged glass<br />
is a good bet that the luminaire is not<br />
Full Cutoff. It should raise suspicions<br />
about a Cutoff classification, but it is possible<br />
to produce a luminaire with a<br />
sagged lens, drop lens or even drop prismatic<br />
lens well within the limits of the<br />
Cutoff classification.<br />
At this point, we can establish a definition<br />
for the Full Cutoff classification: A<br />
luminaire light distribution where zero<br />
candela intensity occurs at an angle of 90<br />
degrees above nadir, and at all greater<br />
angles from nadir.<br />
Additionally, the candela per 1000<br />
lamp lumens does not exceed 100 (10<br />
percent) at a vertical angle of 80 degrees<br />
above nadir. This applies to all lateral<br />
angles around the luminaire.<br />
This term is found in print in RP-33<br />
(Exterior Environments), the Ninth Edition<br />
of the IESNA Handbook and recently<br />
in RP-8 (Roadway), which is the first time<br />
it is an ANSI-approved document. Full<br />
Cutoff is the most extreme classification<br />
for uplight control. It allows no light<br />
above 90 degrees, and in fact not one candela<br />
at 90 degrees. Now, just below 90<br />
degrees? Of course, there will be light just<br />
below 90 degrees. The closest angle a<br />
photometer will probably report on is<br />
87.5 degrees, although 85 degrees would<br />
be more customary. It is difficult to conceive<br />
of a luminaire being classified Full<br />
Cutoff if it has anything but a flat lens<br />
which is parallel to the ground.<br />
The other criterion Full Cutoff regulates<br />
is at the 80 degree angle, which is<br />
identical to the Cutoff classification.<br />
There is no guarantee that glare experienced<br />
in the parking area or roadway<br />
will be better with a Full Cutoff luminaire<br />
than with a Cutoff luminaire. You<br />
must obtain the photometric report to<br />
determine real differences.<br />
One final issue on Cutoff classifications:<br />
they are only viable if the luminaire<br />
is not uptilted. All Cutoff classifications<br />
are null and void if the luminaire is<br />
installed with an uptilt.<br />
• A Full Cutoff luminaire is effectively a<br />
Cutoff luminaire if it is tilted up but one<br />
degree.<br />
• Many Cutoff luminaires will actually<br />
give you a Semicutoff distribution (or<br />
Noncutoff)<br />
• Depending on the angle of uptilt, a Full<br />
Cutoff luminaire can effectively give you<br />
a Noncutoff distribution.<br />
How does one guarantee the distribution<br />
described in the photometric report<br />
is provided? Don’t allow them to be<br />
mounted with an adjustable knuckle or<br />
slipfitter. A rigid mounting arm with no<br />
built-in uptilt and no adjustment feature<br />
is the best guarantee. This will almost<br />
certainly increase the number of poles<br />
and luminaires, compared to products<br />
that are uptilted. However, this should be<br />
a trade-off that is in the hands of the<br />
lighting professional, not anyone else.<br />
Twin luminaries “tilted” sideways due to looseness and ballast weight.<br />
The author: Douglas Paulin,<br />
LC, is product manager for<br />
Ruud Lighting. Prior to joining<br />
the staff at Ruud Lighting,<br />
he was product manager and<br />
product/marketing manager<br />
for three of the major lighting<br />
fixture manufacturers in the<br />
U.S.: Lithonia Lighting, Cooper Lighting and<br />
Thomas/Day-Brite Lighting. He currently serves as<br />
vice-president — design and application for the<br />
IESNA. He has been an IESNA member since 1988.<br />
56 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org
facilities. The technical support<br />
section includes catalogs, brochures,<br />
spec sheets, Smart Cards,<br />
Market Segment Profiles, Learning<br />
Labs and other materials that are<br />
consolidated onto the program<br />
nector models are available for<br />
wall sconces, surface mount and<br />
other decorative luminaires.<br />
requirements — pendant, ceiling<br />
and wall — which all use 100 or<br />
200 W medium base lamps.<br />
and features a unique faceted finish<br />
in five shades, plus black and<br />
white. The cylindrical “bullet” diffuser<br />
is available in clear or stainetched<br />
prismatic glass with optional<br />
zinc-plated wire guard and perforated<br />
aluminum enhancement.<br />
Circle 100 on Reader Service Card.<br />
Circle 94 on Reader Service Card.<br />
Ledalite Architectural Products<br />
introduces the Soleo LP low-profile<br />
version of its Soleo steel lighting<br />
luminaire. Part of Ledalite’s new<br />
LIGHT<br />
PRODUCTS<br />
Steelform series, Soleo LP offers<br />
soft luminous profiles in a choice of<br />
medium or low-profile formats.<br />
Soleo LP is available in standard<br />
white or a natural steel housing finish<br />
highlighted by translucent endcaps<br />
available in seven colors.<br />
Soleo LP comes pre-wired and is<br />
available with either one or two T5<br />
HO or T8 lamps.<br />
Circle 98 on Reader Service Card.<br />
Lambda Research Corporation<br />
offers Release 2.3 of its TracePro<br />
software for illumination and optomechanical<br />
analysis. The company<br />
is also releasing a new edition,<br />
TracePro RC. The TracePro product<br />
line now includes four products:<br />
TracePro RC, LC, Standard and<br />
Expert. TracePro reduces product<br />
development time by 30-50 percent,<br />
and the new edition offers<br />
users a wider choice of features<br />
and prices.<br />
Circle 96 on Reader Service Card.<br />
Starfire Lighting, Inc., introduces<br />
the Swaro Lite crystal architecture<br />
illumination luminaire. The pointsource<br />
lighting can be recessed<br />
into ceilings providing fiber optic<br />
picture and artwork illumination<br />
without fade or discolor. There is<br />
no contribution to the unnecessary<br />
dying of painting, drawings,<br />
photographs or other prints of any<br />
kind. When illuminated with white<br />
or colored light, the fiber optic picture<br />
light emits a pleasing, glarefree<br />
and energy-efficient low-voltage<br />
illumination.<br />
Architectural Landscape Lighting<br />
now offers Corona luminaires,<br />
which emit crisp, even ambient illumination<br />
from a bold, contemporary-design<br />
luminaire. The Corona<br />
housing combines a smooth-surfaced<br />
bullet-shaped design in a<br />
small- and medium-scale. A range of<br />
color filters for the louver may be<br />
specified to create distinctive, eyecatching<br />
but subtle custom cobra<br />
lighting effects. The luminaires are<br />
ideal for accentuating architectural<br />
public and private building or landscape<br />
features, signage, building<br />
entryways and perimeters, gardens<br />
and pathways.<br />
Circle 92 on Reader Service Card.<br />
Characterized by uniformly crisp<br />
and timeless transitional design<br />
throughout the model range is<br />
TSAO’s new G-8 collection of ceiling-,<br />
pendant- and wall-mounted<br />
sand-etched glass lighting luminaires.<br />
The G-8 light bodies are<br />
made of flat and tubular steel, plated<br />
in polished or satin chrome, or<br />
antique bronze; polished or satin<br />
brass; and steel painted in custom<br />
powder-coated baked enamel colors.<br />
The G-8 series is available in a<br />
wide range of sizes.<br />
Circle 90 on Reader Service Card.<br />
FC Lighting Manufacturers introduces<br />
10 exterior chrome bulkhead<br />
luminaires to its Architectural<br />
Lighting Series. Both the wall and<br />
ceiling-mounted luminaires offer<br />
decorative and accent lighting<br />
capabilities for office buildings, hospitals,<br />
hotels and other commercial<br />
facilities. The FCWS series comes<br />
in chrome, black, white and custom<br />
colors, as well as a variety of<br />
shapes ranging from square, round,<br />
eyelid and oval shapes. Each bulkhead<br />
measures 10 x 4 in. allowing<br />
it to use energy efficient compact<br />
fluorescent PL lamps ranging from<br />
13-26 W.<br />
Circle 89 on Reader Service Card.<br />
Circle 99 on Reader Service Card.<br />
Levition Manufacturing’s Industrial<br />
Products Division introduces the<br />
Industrial Wiring Device APTitude<br />
(Advanced Product Training) 2000<br />
CD-ROM training program. Complete<br />
with graphics, audio inserts<br />
and point and click navigation, the<br />
APTitude consists of three basic<br />
sections — an industrial products<br />
section, a technical support section<br />
and a health care products section,<br />
which provides information on<br />
devices suited to the specialized<br />
needs of hospitals and health care<br />
Circle 97 on Reader Service Card.<br />
MagneTek Lighting Products<br />
Group has expanded its family of<br />
ballasts for compact fluorescent<br />
lamps to include a ballast for high<br />
wattage applications. The<br />
C242UNV is designed for flexibility<br />
in downlighting, architectural and<br />
outdoor application and operates<br />
on two 42 W and two 32 W or two<br />
26 W compact fluorescent lamps,<br />
as well as two 22 W or 40 W circular<br />
T5 lamps. Bottom exit versions<br />
fit on any junction wiring<br />
box, with or without integral<br />
mouthing studs, and side exit con-<br />
Circle 95 on Reader Service Card.<br />
Panasonic Commercial and Residential<br />
Products Group offers a new<br />
line of compact fluorescent screwin<br />
lamps. The GEN-IV line provides<br />
facility managers with an all-encompassing<br />
lighting solution that delivers<br />
efficiency and savings up to 70<br />
percent in energy consumption<br />
when compared to incandescents.<br />
The pear-shaped lamp can fit a standard<br />
screw-type base for easy<br />
installation. The GEN-IV is available<br />
in 14 and 23 W versions that provide<br />
light output equivalent to 60<br />
and 70 W.<br />
Circle 93 on Reader Service Card.<br />
Appleton has introduced a new line<br />
of UL-Listed weatherproof incandescent<br />
luminaires that provide energy-efficient,<br />
bright lighting in areas<br />
where moisture, dirt or corrosion is<br />
a problem. Compact and rugged,<br />
they’re 120V rated and represent<br />
an excellent solution for construction<br />
sites, tunnels, bridges and subways.<br />
WFA luminaires can be directmounted<br />
to walls, ceilings or structural<br />
members, in part because no<br />
separate outlet box is required.<br />
Three mounting models are available<br />
to meet specific application<br />
Circle 91 on Reader Service Card.<br />
Luraline Products Company has<br />
introduced the Facets line of luminaires,<br />
part of the new Designer<br />
Series set to debut at LIGHTFAIR<br />
INTERNATIONAL 2001. A trio of<br />
classic industrial designs, Facets<br />
brings retro flair to all types of<br />
indoor, outdoor, residential and<br />
commercial applications. Facets<br />
are available in ceiling-, pendantand<br />
wall-mount configurations with<br />
a choice of incandescent, halogen<br />
or compact fluorescent lamping,<br />
H.E. Williams, Inc. has introduced a<br />
compact, sleek design of the SD14<br />
luminaire. Measuring 3.5 in. high<br />
and 6.125 in. wide, the SD14<br />
blends into any environment. The<br />
standard perforated reflector offers<br />
a 15 percent uplight component to<br />
gently illuminate the ceiling for a<br />
pleasing, ambient effect. The luminaires<br />
are available in one- or twolamp<br />
T5 cross-sections, and 4-8 ft<br />
lengths. Variable mounting points<br />
with snap-on, sliding hangers provide<br />
mounting flexibility either individually<br />
or in continuous rows, making<br />
the SD14 an ideal choice for<br />
offices and educational facilities.<br />
58 LD+A/April 2001 www.iesna.org<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
LD+A/April 2001 59
scene pre-set levels. The system<br />
also utilizes low-voltage CAT-5<br />
cable and solid-state components.<br />
All high-voltage wiring is centralized<br />
in sealed enclosures.<br />
shaped yoke to allow smooth, accurate<br />
aiming through a range of<br />
angles to suit all application requirements.<br />
The Ciello luminaire features<br />
a durable die cast aluminum<br />
construction with a chip and fade<br />
resistant enamel finish.<br />
create a vandal-resistant landscape<br />
lighting fixture. 35-100 W<br />
long-lasting metal-halide lamps provide<br />
crisp, white illumination.<br />
W CFL. The Cutoff Wallpack is<br />
available in durable bronze or white<br />
powder coat finish.<br />
Circle 88 on Reader Service Card.<br />
LightDirector, LLC offers a new dimming<br />
and wiring system designed<br />
with independent wall controls and<br />
independent control panels — each<br />
with a built-in micro-controller and<br />
all inter-connected as one complete<br />
system. Each wall control is available<br />
with a selection of magnetic<br />
switch plates that can operate up<br />
to six independent loads at any<br />
given location and can create<br />
Circle 87 on Reader Service Card.<br />
New pole- and surface-mounted low<br />
voltage accent Ciello luminaires by<br />
Architectural Landscape Lighting<br />
provide evenly distributed, low-glare<br />
accent illumination for outdoor<br />
building entryways, perimeters, gardens<br />
and pathways. The cylindrical<br />
housing features a narrow base and<br />
a broad lamp head. At the base, the<br />
luminaires are affixed to a solid, U-<br />
Circle 86 on Reader Service Card.<br />
HighLites announces its interactive<br />
PDF full version CD-ROM catalog.<br />
Viewers simply insert the easy-touse<br />
CD-ROM, which allows access<br />
to a complete product catalog index<br />
for HighLites. The index screen<br />
is broken down into sections for<br />
HighLites’ newest commercial products.<br />
Pages from the catalog can<br />
be printed in color to allow for easy<br />
referral to product information.<br />
Circle 85 on Reader Service Card.<br />
Quality Lighting introduces WFB<br />
lighting bollards, which provide<br />
even, glare-free pedestrian-level illumination,<br />
which defines perimeters<br />
and pathways for public and private<br />
parks, building grounds, gardens,<br />
waterfront and recreational environments<br />
for vandal-prone locations.<br />
The WFB Bollards feature a<br />
distinctive architectural design aesthetic<br />
with rugged, heavy-duty<br />
housing and lens construction to<br />
Circle 84 on Reader Service Card.<br />
RAB Electric Manufacturing Inc.,<br />
has introduced a small 100 W<br />
Maximum Cutoff Wallpack. The<br />
popular WP1 Wallpack now features<br />
a cutoff glare shield, for<br />
“Friendly Lighting.” “Friendly Lighting,”<br />
RAB’s new product line consists<br />
of wallpacks, floodlights and<br />
sensors designed to eliminate both<br />
light trepass and wasteful night<br />
sky pollution. The complete luminaire<br />
is available in 35, 50, 70, and<br />
100 W High Pressure Sodium, 50,<br />
70 and 100 W Metal Halide or 42<br />
Circle 83 on Reader Service Card.<br />
For the industry’s most complete<br />
source of direct incandescent<br />
replacement Light Emitting Diode<br />
(LED) lamps, LEDtronics offers a<br />
new 31-page Miniature Based LED<br />
Lamps catalog. The catalog includes<br />
dimensional data, illustrations,<br />
specifications applications<br />
and cross-reference tables for incandescent<br />
lamps, which accompany<br />
each LED lamp listing. A comprehensive<br />
reference chart shows the<br />
available LED hues, wavelengths forward<br />
voltages, intensities, viewing<br />
angles and dye materials.<br />
For the first time ever,<br />
The IESNA<br />
Lighting Handbook<br />
is available on<br />
CD-ROM.<br />
See page 57 for<br />
ordering instructions.<br />
More<br />
than<br />
just the<br />
handbook!