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City of Oxnard - Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan Appendices

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Appendix A | Design Guidelines<br />

Design<br />

Speed<br />

(mph)<br />

2%<br />

Superelevation<br />

Table A-2: Design Speed Minimum Radius<br />

Minimum Radius (feet)<br />

Minimum Radius<br />

Superelevation<br />

Minimum Radius<br />

3%<br />

Superelevation<br />

4%<br />

Superelevation<br />

25 154 147 141 137<br />

30 282 269 259 249<br />

Source: Adapted from Caltrans Highway Design Manual (metric units converted to English)<br />

5%<br />

Superelevation<br />

A.2.2.8. Stopping Sight Distance<br />

To provide bicyclists with an opportunity to see <strong>and</strong> react to the unexpected, a multi-use path should be<br />

designed with adequate stopping sight distances. The distance required to bring a bicycle to a full controlled<br />

stop is a function <strong>of</strong> the bicyclist’s perception <strong>and</strong> brake reaction time, the initial speed <strong>of</strong> the bicycle, the<br />

coefficient <strong>of</strong> friction between the tires <strong>and</strong> the pavement, <strong>and</strong> the braking ability <strong>of</strong> the bicycle.<br />

The table below indicates the minimum stopping sight distances for the common design speeds <strong>and</strong> grades on<br />

two-way paths. For two-way multi-use paths, the descending direction, that is, where grade is negative, will<br />

control the design. The higher design speed should be used on segments with five percent grade <strong>and</strong> higher.<br />

Table A-3: Design Speed Minimum Stopping Sight Distance<br />

Design<br />

Stopping Distance (feet)<br />

Speed<br />

(mph)<br />

0%<br />

Grade<br />

5%<br />

Grade<br />

10%<br />

Grade<br />

15%<br />

Grade<br />

20%<br />

Grade<br />

25 176 197 232 300 507<br />

30 246 279 332 440 763<br />

Source: Adapted from Caltrans Highway Design Manual (metric units converted to English)<br />

A.2.2.9. Grades<br />

Multi-use paths typically attract less skilled bicyclists, so it is important to avoid steep grades in their design.<br />

Bicyclists not physically conditioned will be unable to negotiate long, steep uphill grades. Since some novice<br />

bicyclists <strong>of</strong>ten ride poorly maintained bicycles, long downgrades can cause problems as well. For these<br />

reasons, multi-use paths with long, steep grades will generally receive very little use. The maximum grade rate<br />

recommended for multi-use paths is 5 percent. It is desirable to limit sustained grades to 2 percent to<br />

accommodate a wide range <strong>of</strong> riders. Steeper grades can be tolerated for short segments (e.g., up to about 500<br />

feet). Where steeper grades are necessitated, the design speed should be increased <strong>and</strong> additional width<br />

provided.<br />

A.2.2.10. Lighting<br />

Fixed-source lighting reduces conflicts along paths <strong>and</strong> at intersections. In addition, lighting allows the<br />

bicyclist to see the multi-use path direction, surface conditions, <strong>and</strong> obstacles. Lighting for multi-use paths is<br />

A-8 | Alta <strong>Plan</strong>ning + Design

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