1st Quarter 2008 - Jacobs Associates

1st Quarter 2008 - Jacobs Associates 1st Quarter 2008 - Jacobs Associates

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FINAL LINER NEWSLETTER VOLUME 15 • SPRING 2008 Revamping the Lenihan Dam Outlet PROJECT UPDATE News from Down Under JA NEWS This past fall, Jacobs Associates opened the doors to our newest branch office in Melbourne, Australia. The expansion solidifies our fi rm’s presence in the region and positions us to better provide tunnel and underground engineering for water, wastewater, and transportation projects throughout Australia and New Zealand. The Melbourne office currently supports two ongoing projects in the region—the Northern Sewerage Project Stages 1 and 2 in Melbourne and the Boggo Road Busway in Brisbane. These projects are the latest in Jacobs Associates’ history in Australia, which dates back to our founder J. Donovan Jacobs’ involvement with the Snowy Mountains hydroelectric tunnels in the 1960s. Since that time, we have provided service on over twenty major contracts in the region, including rail transit tunnels for Melbourne City Loop in the 1970s, the M5 East Motorway in Sydney in the 1990s, and the Melbourne CityLink tunnels in the 1990s. Construction is underway on the Lenihan Dam Outlet Modifi cation Project, undertaken by Santa Clara Valley Water District at the Lexington Reservoir in Northern California. The project will restore the outlet works to their original operating capacity. Jacobs Associates designed the new outlet tunnel and pipeline, and is providing on-site support during construction. Jacobs Associates' new Melbourne offi ce is located in the popular Docklands area. SHAWN SPRENG Just south of Los Gatos, California and within three kilometers of the San Andreas Fault, new outlet works are being constructed for Santa Clara Valley Water District’s Lenihan Dam at the Lexington Reservoir. The project will more than quadruple the current discharge capacity, from 70 cubic feet per second to the original operating capacity of 410 cubic feet per second. Releases from the reservoir have been restricted because of damage to the current outlet. Jacobs Associates designed the new outlet tunnel and pipeline and is providing on-site support during construction, which began in late 2007. The 2,035-foot-long tunnel is a straight-legged horseshoe shape with an excavated width and height of 14 feet and 12.5 feet respectively. It is being excavated by conventional roadheader and drill-and-blast methods. The regional geology along the tunnel alignment is a Franciscan melange—a chaotic mixture of hard and resistant blocks embedded in a crushed and sheared matrix. The blocks generally are moderately jointed to blocky and seamy greywacke and serpentinite with some greenstone and chert, and the matrix material is crushed and clayey altered shale and serpentinite. the excavated space can remain “standing” without support). • Squeezing ground conditions which may cause the tunnel sidewall and invert to move, either immediately or weeks after excavation, which can cause the tunnel supports to deform and fail over time. • Blocks of strong, hard, highly abrasive rock with moderately spaced joints require drilland-blast excavation. Tunneling in Franciscan melange can be The project will more than quadruple the current discharge capacity, from 70 cubic feet per second to the original operating capacity of 410 cubic feet per second. challenging due to several factors: • Weak and friable rock units have low standup time when below the groundwater level, leading to difficulty when installing support (stand-up time is the length of time that • Mixed ground conditions consisting of boulders of closely fractured, strong, hard rock embedded in a weak, clayey and gravely matrix require both drill-and-blast and roadheader excavation in one face. For the project design, Jacobs Associates analyzed geological and groundwater data using numerical and empirical methods, then created tunnel support and groundwater control systems that can be used flexibly in three types of ground. The ground types vary from Type 1 (most stable) to Type 3 (least stable). The initial support system was designed to be adaptive to accommodate highly variable ground conditions. All three support types employ W6x25 steel sets placed at 4 feet on center and a cast-in-place reinforced concrete invert. Type 1 support includes up to 3 inches of fiber-reinforced shotcrete to control localized instabilities. Type 2 and 3 supports include 6 inches and 9 inches of fiber-reinforced shotcrete, respectively, to control SEE LENIHAN DAM, PAGE 3 ABOUT JA TABLE OF CONTENTS Jacobs Associates provides state-of-the-art civil engineering consulting services. We specialize in design and construction management for underground projects. Our fi rm also offers expertise in construction claims. We have provided these services for over 50 years. page 2 Principals Message page 3 JA in Print © 2008 JA page 4 Muck Bucket A worker removes muck from the Lenihan Tunnel excavation. The 2,035-foot-long tunnel is being excavated primarily by roadheader, with controlled drill-and-blast being used in stronger rock blocks. 1

FINAL LINER<br />

NEWSLETTER<br />

VOLUME 15 • SPRING <strong>2008</strong><br />

Revamping the Lenihan Dam Outlet<br />

PROJECT UPDATE<br />

News from<br />

Down Under<br />

JA NEWS<br />

This past fall, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong> opened<br />

the doors to our newest branch office in<br />

Melbourne, Australia. The expansion solidifies<br />

our fi rm’s presence in the region and positions<br />

us to better provide tunnel and underground<br />

engineering for water, wastewater, and transportation<br />

projects throughout Australia and New<br />

Zealand.<br />

The Melbourne office currently supports two<br />

ongoing projects in the region—the Northern<br />

Sewerage Project Stages 1 and 2 in Melbourne<br />

and the Boggo Road Busway in Brisbane. These<br />

projects are the latest in <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>’ history<br />

in Australia, which dates back to our founder<br />

J. Donovan <strong>Jacobs</strong>’ involvement with the<br />

Snowy Mountains hydroelectric tunnels in the<br />

1960s. Since that time, we have provided service<br />

on over twenty major contracts in the region,<br />

including rail transit tunnels for Melbourne<br />

City Loop in the 1970s, the M5 East Motorway<br />

in Sydney in the 1990s, and the Melbourne<br />

CityLink tunnels in the 1990s.<br />

Construction is underway on the Lenihan Dam Outlet Modifi cation Project, undertaken by Santa Clara Valley Water District at the Lexington Reservoir in Northern California. The project<br />

will restore the outlet works to their original operating capacity. <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong> designed the new outlet tunnel and pipeline, and is providing on-site support during construction.<br />

<strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>' new Melbourne offi ce is located in the<br />

popular Docklands area.<br />

SHAWN SPRENG<br />

Just south of Los Gatos, California and within<br />

three kilometers of the San Andreas Fault, new<br />

outlet works are being constructed for Santa<br />

Clara Valley Water District’s Lenihan Dam at<br />

the Lexington Reservoir.<br />

The project will more than quadruple the current<br />

discharge capacity, from 70 cubic feet per<br />

second to the original operating capacity of 410<br />

cubic feet per second. Releases from the reservoir<br />

have been restricted because of damage to the<br />

current outlet.<br />

<strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong> designed the new outlet tunnel<br />

and pipeline and is providing on-site support<br />

during construction, which began in late 2007.<br />

The 2,035-foot-long tunnel is a straight-legged<br />

horseshoe shape with an excavated width and<br />

height of 14 feet and 12.5 feet respectively. It is<br />

being excavated by conventional roadheader and<br />

drill-and-blast methods.<br />

The regional geology along the tunnel alignment<br />

is a Franciscan melange—a chaotic mixture<br />

of hard and resistant blocks embedded in a<br />

crushed and sheared matrix. The blocks generally<br />

are moderately jointed to blocky and seamy<br />

greywacke and serpentinite with some greenstone<br />

and chert, and the matrix material is crushed and<br />

clayey altered shale and serpentinite.<br />

the excavated space can remain “standing”<br />

without support).<br />

• Squeezing ground conditions which may<br />

cause the tunnel sidewall and invert to move,<br />

either immediately or weeks after excavation,<br />

which can cause the tunnel supports to<br />

deform and fail over time.<br />

• Blocks of strong, hard, highly abrasive rock<br />

with moderately spaced joints require drilland-blast<br />

excavation.<br />

Tunneling in Franciscan melange can be<br />

The project will more than<br />

quadruple the current<br />

discharge capacity, from 70<br />

cubic feet per second to the<br />

original operating capacity of<br />

410 cubic feet per second.<br />

challenging due to several factors:<br />

• Weak and friable rock units have low standup<br />

time when below the groundwater level,<br />

leading to difficulty when installing support<br />

(stand-up time is the length of time that<br />

• Mixed ground conditions consisting of<br />

boulders of closely fractured, strong, hard<br />

rock embedded in a weak, clayey and gravely<br />

matrix require both drill-and-blast and<br />

roadheader excavation in one face.<br />

For the project design, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong> analyzed<br />

geological and groundwater data using numerical<br />

and empirical methods, then created tunnel<br />

support and groundwater control systems that<br />

can be used flexibly in three types of ground. The<br />

ground types vary from Type 1 (most stable) to<br />

Type 3 (least stable).<br />

The initial support system was designed to be<br />

adaptive to accommodate highly variable ground<br />

conditions. All three support types employ<br />

W6x25 steel sets placed at 4 feet on center and a<br />

cast-in-place reinforced concrete invert. Type 1<br />

support includes up to 3 inches of fiber-reinforced<br />

shotcrete to control localized instabilities. Type 2<br />

and 3 supports include 6 inches and 9 inches of<br />

fiber-reinforced shotcrete, respectively, to control<br />

SEE LENIHAN DAM, PAGE 3<br />

ABOUT JA<br />

TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />

<strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong> provides state-of-the-art civil<br />

engineering consulting services. We specialize in<br />

design and construction management for underground<br />

projects. Our fi rm also offers expertise<br />

in construction claims. We have provided these<br />

services for over 50 years.<br />

page 2 Principals Message<br />

page 3 JA in Print<br />

© <strong>2008</strong> JA<br />

page 4 Muck Bucket<br />

A worker removes muck from the Lenihan Tunnel excavation. The 2,035-foot-long tunnel is being excavated primarily<br />

by roadheader, with controlled drill-and-blast being used in stronger rock blocks.<br />

1


PRINCIPAL'S MESSAGE<br />

Nothing<br />

Comfortable about<br />

Cost Estimating<br />

One of the thorniest tasks we undertake for our<br />

clients is that of recommending or validating<br />

the project budget. If the project is one of many<br />

in an owner’s capital improvement program, it<br />

is likely competing for a limited pool of funds,<br />

so it demands an accurate cost forecast. If the<br />

budget is too low the project will run out of<br />

funds before<br />

construction is<br />

complete, but if<br />

it’s too high it<br />

takes resources<br />

away from other<br />

projects in the<br />

program.<br />

It’s a familiar<br />

issue: our clients<br />

ask us to help<br />

them commit to<br />

John M. Stolz, PE<br />

an authoritative<br />

cost for an asyet<br />

undefi ned<br />

project with as-yet unknown impacts to the<br />

environment and community. Furthermore,<br />

the cost can’t be a moving target, because it’s<br />

usually impossible to return for additional<br />

funding. A realistic budget must be established<br />

and adhered to from the outset, and it usually<br />

must be established when we know the least<br />

about the project. Often the initial processes<br />

that are supposed to help us better defi ne cost,<br />

such as selecting a fi nal alignment and making<br />

preliminary subsurface investigations, seem to<br />

raise more cost-related issues than they address.<br />

Establishing a realistic cost estimate under these<br />

conditions calls for a skill set that isn’t widely<br />

available in the underground construction<br />

industry. For one, the skill is best developed<br />

under the employment of a heavy construction<br />

contractor whose livelihood depends on accurate<br />

competitive bids. But it also requires other<br />

technical abilities like an aptitude for matching<br />

cost-effective design solutions to state-of-the-art<br />

construction means and methods. It requires<br />

an up-to-date, practical understanding of how<br />

the work is likely to be constructed under a<br />

competitively bid contract. And it requires what<br />

might appear to be a prescient awareness of<br />

potential risks endemic to the industry.<br />

Improving Contract Practices<br />

Published this month by the Underground<br />

Construction Association of the Society for<br />

Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (UCA<br />

of SME), Recommended Contract Practices for<br />

Underground Construction is the culmination<br />

of four years of effort put toward defi ning some<br />

best practices to improve the development of<br />

contract documents and the administration of<br />

construction contracts for underground projects.<br />

The manual was undertaken in response to<br />

the increase in the extent and sophistication of<br />

our use of underground space, which has been<br />

mirrored by a noticeable lack of development in<br />

contracting practices.<br />

When faced with similar circumstances in<br />

1974 industry insiders prepared the Better<br />

Contracting for Underground Construction<br />

manual. The manual recommended a number<br />

of improvements to underground contracting,<br />

many of which are in use today.<br />

The goals of these<br />

recommended contract<br />

practices are better<br />

relationships, better<br />

contracts, and projects that<br />

are more cost-effective for<br />

owners and more profitable<br />

for contractors.<br />

The new book builds upon the work<br />

done in 1974, and expands it by making<br />

recommendations for better contracting<br />

practices in eleven separate areas: relationships<br />

of the parties, project planning, subsurface<br />

conditions, risk management, design and<br />

construction management, cost estimating,<br />

schedules, pricing and payment, contracts,<br />

changes, and dispute resolution.<br />

Each chapter offers a comprehensive overview<br />

of one of these topics, then discusses its impact<br />

on contracting and presents the perspectives of<br />

owners, design engineers, contractors, and/or<br />

other stakeholders.<br />

The twelve authors of Recommended Contract<br />

Practices are each acknowledged authorities in<br />

a different aspect of underground construction<br />

contracting and delivery. The recommendations<br />

made reflect their experience as well as industry<br />

consensus on best practices, as established<br />

TBM Arrives at Northern Sewerage Project<br />

<br />

during conversations and workshops with<br />

members of the industry.<br />

JUST ANSWERS<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

SME<br />

The National Academy of Sciences' 1974 manual, left, inspired the Underground Construction Association of the Society for<br />

Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (UCA of SME) to commission an update, out this May. Recommended Contract Practices<br />

for Underground Construction (at right) covers topics ranging from relationships and planning to dispute resolution.<br />

William W. Edgerton (<strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>),<br />

chaired the steering committee responsible for<br />

developing the new manual. The committee<br />

members were Lok W. Home (The Robbins<br />

Company), James E. Monsees (Parsons<br />

Brinckerhoff ), Edward S. Plotkin (independent<br />

consultant), Richard E. Sage (Sound Transit),<br />

David Hatem (Donovan Hatem LLP), Robert<br />

Miller (Allied North American Insurance<br />

Brokerage), and the late Robert A. Pond<br />

(Frontier-Kemper Constructors).<br />

Copies of Recommended Contract Practices are<br />

available in early May from SME at www.<br />

smenet.org or 800.763.3132.<br />

PROJECT UPDATE<br />

Estimating is more than just “thinking the job<br />

out on paper.” The estimator has to know how<br />

it would be built in real life, orchestrating crew<br />

sizes, equipment spreads, and production rates<br />

with community and environmental constraints<br />

to optimize construction of the project.<br />

The estimating process demands a fiduciary<br />

duty to our clients that we take very seriously;<br />

we neither infl ate our engineer’s estimates to<br />

provide a reserve cushion of funds nor lowball<br />

costs to match an existing budget. Our clients<br />

receive no value unless the engineer’s estimate<br />

reflects our best assessment of the expected<br />

amount of the low bid, based on the project’s<br />

technical and contractual requirements.<br />

Because there is so little wiggle room and so<br />

much at stake, we advise our clients to add our<br />

recommended reserve for the current market and<br />

bidding climate and risks that will materialize<br />

during construction.<br />

That is the only way to truly serve our clients’<br />

best interests, but like contractors, we sure have<br />

a lot of nervous estimators on bid day.<br />

Sincerely,<br />

John M. Stolz, PE<br />

Principal and Corporate Secretary<br />

John’s 29-year career has spanned the contracting,<br />

construction management, design, and dispute<br />

resolution side of over a hundred projects in the<br />

underground construction industry. While he and<br />

his wife Maria are just getting to know their fi rst<br />

granddaughter, Talia Yasmine, they have already<br />

determined that she will contribute immeasurably<br />

to the advancement of mankind.<br />

This Herrenknecht earth pressure balance tunnel boring machine (left) is one of three machines that will be used in the construction of the Northern Sewerage Project near Melbourne,<br />

Australia. When complete, the project will signifi cantly increase sewerage capacity in the growing suburban areas north of Melbourne. The project involves the construction of 12.4 kilometers<br />

of tunnel and eight shafts, ranging in depth from 25 meters to 64 meters.<br />

MARK E. TRIM, P.E.<br />

The Northern Sewerage Project (Melbourne,<br />

Australia) will employ three tunnel boring<br />

machines (TBMs) to excavate 12.4 kilometers<br />

of tunnel—part of a large upgrade of one of<br />

Melbourne’s aging, under-capacity trunk sewers.<br />

The project’s two phases are a joint effort of<br />

Melbourne Water and Yarra Valley Water.<br />

In early April, the fi rst of the three TBMs<br />

arrived on-site. The 3-meter-diameter<br />

Herrenknecht earth pressure balance TBM,<br />

named Victoria by local school childern,<br />

was lowered into the De Chene shaft launch<br />

chamber on April 19, <strong>2008</strong>.<br />

Victoria will be used for three different drives<br />

on NSP, excavating a total of 3,900 meters of<br />

tunnel. During her time on NSP, Victoria will<br />

be chewing through predominantly medium<br />

to highly weathered, low to medium strength<br />

Silurian (sandstone/siltstone). Steel-fiberreinforced<br />

precast segments will be placed<br />

behind the machine to provide short- and longterm<br />

ground support. Victoria is expected to be<br />

mining by the fi rst week of June <strong>2008</strong>.<br />

The second earth pressure balance machine, a<br />

4-meter-diameter TBM by Herrenkecht, arrived<br />

on-site in May <strong>2008</strong>. This 4-meter diameter<br />

machine will be used for two drives on NSP,<br />

which will total 4,735 meters of tunnel. The<br />

third and fi nal TBM will arrive in July <strong>2008</strong>.<br />

This machince is a Robbins hard rock TBM with<br />

a cut diameter of 3 meters. The Robbins TBM<br />

will be used to excavate 3,150 meters of basalt on<br />

NSP Stage 2.<br />

<strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>, along with joint venture<br />

partner Sinclair Knight Merz (SKM), are<br />

providing on-site support to Melbourne Water<br />

and Yarra Valley Water during construction.<br />

Connell Wagner is providing project<br />

management services and John Holland Group<br />

is the contractor for both stages of the project.<br />

The project is expected to be completed in 2012.<br />

Mark's service on the NSP project began with<br />

tunnel design for Stages 1 and 2 in 2006. He now<br />

provides on-site support during shaft and tunnel<br />

construction. Mark co-presented a paper on the<br />

fi nal lining selection for NSP at the May <strong>2008</strong><br />

Australian Tunneling Conference.<br />

2<br />

Final Liner • Volume 15


JA in Print<br />

Our staff members have authored a number<br />

of technical papers this season.<br />

Australian Tunnelling Conference (May)<br />

Peanuts and Tunnel Stuffi ng–The Brightwater<br />

Conveyance System East Contract by Dan. N.<br />

Adams, Jeremy. J. Johnson, & Mark. E. Trim,<br />

<strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>; William Cranston, MWH,<br />

Inc.<br />

This paper discusses the design approach and<br />

design details for dual intersecting circular cell<br />

shafts (referred to as “the peanut”), and a single<br />

tunnel into which stacked pipes which will be<br />

“stuffed.”<br />

Northern Sewerage Project-Liner Selection in a<br />

Corrosive Environment by Gregg W. Davidson<br />

and Mark E. Trim, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>; Doug G.<br />

Franklin and John V. Myers, Sinclair Knight<br />

Merz; Paul J. Hansen, South East Water Limited<br />

(formerly Sinclair Knight Merz)<br />

This paper describes the corrosive environments<br />

impacting the project and details the lining<br />

systems considered and selected to achieve the<br />

clients’ desired 100-year service life.<br />

American Rock Mechanics Association (June)<br />

Design for Swelling Ground on the Caldecott<br />

Fourth Bore by S.H.J. Choi, B.B. Thapa, and<br />

M.T. McRae, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong><br />

This paper describes the design of tunnel support<br />

in reaches of swelling ground expected on the<br />

fourth bore of the Caldecott Tunnel along State<br />

Route 24 in Oakland, California.<br />

Managing Risk in Underground Construction<br />

by Sarah Wilson and Bill Edgerton, <strong>Jacobs</strong><br />

<strong>Associates</strong><br />

This paper discusses the state of the practice<br />

in risk management, using specific project<br />

examples to illustrate the relative success or<br />

failure of various methods.<br />

Design of NATM Initial Support on the Caldecott<br />

Fourth Bore by B.B. Thapa and M.T. McRae,<br />

<strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>; T. Marcher; H.J. Sander<br />

The Caldecott Fourth Bore is a 15-meter-wide,<br />

9.7-meter-high highway tunnel that will be<br />

constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling<br />

Method (NATM). This paper discusses the<br />

design of the NATM initial support.<br />

Tunnel Design and Construction in a Franciscan<br />

Melange by Shawn Spreng, Rick Nolting, and<br />

Mike McRae, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>; Hemang Desai,<br />

Santa Clara Valley Water District<br />

This paper discusses the design and ongoing<br />

construction of an inclined inlet pipeline, a<br />

drop shaft, and a 620 meter tunnel in ground<br />

comprised of a variety of rock blocks and<br />

crushed matrix of a Franciscan melange.<br />

North American Tunneling Conference (June)<br />

Caldecott Improvement Project by Cristina<br />

Ferraz and Randy Anderson, California Dept.<br />

of Transportation; Paul Maxwell and Kanda<br />

Raj, Contra Costa Transportation; William E.<br />

Edgerton, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong><br />

This paper provides background on the existing<br />

facility, summarizes the need for the new fourth<br />

bore, describes the proposed improvements, sets<br />

forth the approach for project delivery, and lists<br />

some of the challenges that are expected during<br />

construction.<br />

Utilization of Strain Measurements on Shielded<br />

Tunnel Boring Machines by Brad Murray and<br />

Sam Swartz, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>; John Waggoner,<br />

GeoPentech; Howard Lum, Metropolitan Water<br />

District of Southern California<br />

This paper discusses the qualitative<br />

interpretation of characteristic strain<br />

patterns on the Arrowhead Tunnels TBM<br />

shields and discusses installation details and<br />

special considerations for setting up a strain<br />

measurement system.<br />

Underground Construction Photography:<br />

Documenting a Success Story<br />

Susan L. Bednarz, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong><br />

This paper reviews recent advances in digital<br />

cameras and image processing that allow<br />

photographers to produce excellent highresolution<br />

action shots in conditions commonly<br />

encountered underground.<br />

Geotechnical Conditions and TBM Selection for<br />

the Bay Tunnel by Luke Erickson, Peter Raleigh,<br />

and Victor Romero, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong><br />

The Bay Tunnel will be the fi rst TBM-driven<br />

tunnel under the San Francisco Bay. This paper<br />

discusses the geotechnical characterization and<br />

anticipated tunneling conditions and presents<br />

the analysis of various construction methods.<br />

Design Analyses for a Large-Span Tunnel in<br />

Weak Rock Subject to Strong Seismic Shaking<br />

by Bhaskar B. Thapa, Johannes Van Greunen,<br />

Yiming Sun, and Michael T. McRae, <strong>Jacobs</strong><br />

<strong>Associates</strong>; Hubert Law, Earth Mechanics Inc.<br />

Although the seismic design criteria are<br />

stringent, the design of the Caldecott fourth<br />

bore tunnel lining system is ultimately<br />

controlled by static ground loads in the weak<br />

rock along the alignment.<br />

Seismic Design Evaluation of the Bay Tunnel by<br />

Yiming Sun, Steve Klein, and Jan Van Greunen,<br />

<strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>; Paul Louie, San Francisco<br />

Public Utilities Commission<br />

This paper describes the seismic analyses and<br />

design measures recommended to minimize<br />

potential adverse effects of the design earthquake<br />

on the tunnel fi nal lining.<br />

Raw Water Tunnel Condition Assessment by<br />

Rafael C. Castro, Glenn M. Boyce, and Blake<br />

D. Rothfuss, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>; Brian M. Lakin,<br />

Regional Water Authority<br />

This paper describes pre-entry preparations,<br />

dewatering and ventilation efforts, surface-totunnel<br />

communication, access, and physical<br />

inspection of the tunnel. It also describes the<br />

lessons learned throughout the process.<br />

Getting the Right Contract Package by W.W.<br />

Edgerton and G.W. Davidson, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong><br />

This paper describes a contract packaging<br />

process used on several tunnel projects and<br />

reports, where possible, on its success. It<br />

concludes with recommendations for applying<br />

the process to achieve the right contract package.<br />

Design of the University Link Tunnels and<br />

Stations by Daniel N. Adams, Isabelle Lamb<br />

and Amanda Morgan, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>; John<br />

Sleavin, Sound Transit<br />

This paper highlights major station and tunnel<br />

design elements, including the approach to<br />

support of excavation at both station boxes and<br />

the site staging requirements.<br />

ASCE Pipelines (July)<br />

Seismic Design of Bell-and-Spigot Joints for Large<br />

Diameter Steel Pipe by Johannes Van Greunen<br />

and Michael T. McRae, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong><br />

This paper presents a methodology for evaluating<br />

the performance of single lap-welded joints in<br />

large-diameter steel pipes that experience seismic<br />

longitudinal (or axial) loading.<br />

American Railway Engineering and<br />

Maintenance-of-Way Association<br />

(September)<br />

CONFERENCES REPORT<br />

Great Salt Lake Causeway-Its Recent History and<br />

Current Maintenance Program by Carol Ravano<br />

and Frank Pita, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong><br />

This paper discusses the Union Pacific Railroad’s<br />

Great Salt Lake Causeway, its history, and the<br />

design methods used for the construction in the<br />

1950s.<br />

Some Engineering Properties of Basalt and<br />

Siltstone by I. Lamb, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>; D. X.<br />

Gu, N. Ramsey, and W. Tamblyn, Sinclair<br />

Knight Merz<br />

Continued from page 1<br />

Lenihan Dam<br />

PROJECT UPDATE<br />

heavier ground loads and possible squeezing. In<br />

all types, a reinforced concrete invert—12 inches<br />

thick at the sides and 24 inches thick at the<br />

centerline—is used to prevent invert heave and<br />

provide resistance to bending moments from longterm<br />

groundwater loading.<br />

To date, the tunnel excavation has advanced<br />

approximately 1,350 feet. So far, more Type 1<br />

support has been installed than was anticipated.<br />

Monitoring devices have been installed inside<br />

the tunnel to monitor deformations of the tunnel<br />

sidewalls, and measured convergence has not<br />

exceeded 1.3 inches at monitoring locations.<br />

NEW WIN<br />

Reopening the Cal Park Hill Tunnel<br />

Re-opening the Cal Park Hill Tunnel – a<br />

partially collapsed former railroad tunnel,<br />

measuring some 1,100 feet long – for bicycle,<br />

pedestrian, and passenger rail shared use will<br />

close the gap between San Rafael and Larkspur<br />

in Marin County, Northern California. This<br />

high-profi le project will provide many low-impact<br />

transportation options for the County and<br />

hopefully lessen traffic congestion in the I-580 /<br />

Highway 101 Greenbrae Corridor.<br />

After a difficult decision, the County of Marin<br />

announced <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong> as the fi nalist fi rm<br />

to provide construction management (CM)<br />

services. This win extends <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>’ history<br />

of providing tunnel rehabilitation services<br />

to Marin County. Such past projects include<br />

the Fort Barry-Fort Baker Tunnel, Alto Tunnel,<br />

Porteous Tunnel, and Cal Park Hill Tunnel (in<br />

a design capacity). <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>' subcontractors<br />

include EPC Consultants and Inspection<br />

Services Inc.<br />

Construction of this multi-use pathway involves<br />

six main construction elements:<br />

ESCSO<br />

Tunnel rehabilitation – excavation and reconstruction<br />

of the collapsed sections, excavation<br />

of the tunnel invert to accommodate future rail,<br />

as well as replacement of the existing tunnel<br />

support.<br />

Installation of pathway structures, fi nishes,<br />

utilities and systems inside the tunnel.<br />

Permanent excavation support of slope cuts for<br />

the pathway outside the tunnel.<br />

Construction of mechanically stabilized embankments<br />

for the pathway outside the tunnel.<br />

Removal of existing rail bridge and installation<br />

of a new prefabricated pedestrian bridge.<br />

Corridor-wide pathway construction.<br />

In addition to these responsibilities, <strong>Jacobs</strong><br />

<strong>Associates</strong> will advise Marin County during the<br />

pre-bidding and bidding phases.<br />

One of the main construction challenges ahead<br />

is the issue of tunnel support. Excavation of collapsed<br />

areas requires sequential excavation with<br />

pre-support in disturbed ground to minimize<br />

further ground loss. This is risky, specialized<br />

work, and procuring a qualified contractor will<br />

be a key success factor.<br />

The rehabilitation of the Cal Park Hill Tunnel’s<br />

existing tunnel support will occur in an<br />

area with limited ground cover adjacent to the<br />

existing U.S. 101 road cut. This requires timely<br />

and accurate primary ground support to prevent<br />

loss of ground. In addition to U.S. 101, nearby<br />

structures and infrastructure could be adversely<br />

impacted by construction. As the CM prime<br />

and fi rst point of contact for construction activities,<br />

<strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong> will need to assure these<br />

key stakeholders that nearby structures will be<br />

protected from loss of ground.<br />

Estimated to cost around $18.5 million, construction<br />

of the Cal Park Hill Tunnel Rehabilitation<br />

Project should kick off in the summer<br />

of <strong>2008</strong>. The construction effort is expected to<br />

take about 18 months. And the rehabilitated<br />

Cal Park Hill Tunnel should open to the public<br />

in late 2009.<br />

To date, a total of 40 feet of Type 3 support<br />

has been installed in two locations: one as a<br />

precautionary measure in a reach of sheared and<br />

clayey ground, and one where the installed Type 1<br />

support displayed visible signs of distress with an<br />

estimated 1 to 2 inches of localized displacement at<br />

the lower sidewall.<br />

<strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong> will continue to provide on-site<br />

engineering support until the completion of<br />

construction, projected for October 2009.<br />

Shawn has lent his geotechnical and design<br />

expertise to the Lenihan project since 2005, and is<br />

now serving as the on-site design engineer. He will<br />

co-present a paper on the design and construction<br />

of the Lenihan Tunnel at the U.S. Rock Mechanics<br />

Symposium (ARMA) later this summer.<br />

These images from the East-Side CSO project need captions. Left: OF 46 shaft & OF pipe & hole through.jpg, Right: Opera Shaft overview of slurry separation plant & muck<br />

conveyor & barge & downtown.jpg<br />

Final Liner • Volume 15<br />

3


MUCK BUCKET<br />

STAFF RECOGNITION<br />

PROMOTIONS<br />

<strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong> contributed $5,000 to The<br />

Beavers Charitable Trust.<br />

Carol Ravano and Gerry Millar gave a<br />

presentation at Virginia Tech's Geotechnical<br />

Graduate Student Seminar. The talk was<br />

titled "Railroad Tunnel Rehabilitation" and<br />

highlighted <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>' current work on<br />

the Norfolk Southern Heartland Project<br />

Frank Pita was elected an ASCE Fellow, in<br />

recognition of his significant contributions to<br />

the industry. Notable achievements include<br />

the publication of 21 technical papers (and<br />

counting) and being the youngest person<br />

ever elected president of the Seattle Section of<br />

ASCE. Congratulations, Frank!<br />

Geotechnical engineering students at the<br />

University of Washington also enjoyed a talk<br />

given by <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong> staff, as Frank Pita<br />

and Carol Ravano presented “Settlement of the<br />

Great Salt Lake Causeway."<br />

Congratulations are due to Michael Torsiello,<br />

Paul Dutton, and Ben Piermattei who<br />

earned their Professional Engineering (PE)<br />

licenses.<br />

Michael Torsiello also guest lectured at his alma<br />

mater, Tufts University.<br />

Continuing their busy speaking schedules,<br />

Glenn Boyce and Craig Camp—along with<br />

Dr. Ray Sterling, a professor at Louisiana Tech’s<br />

Trenchless Technology Center—taught the<br />

NASTT’s New Installation Methods Good<br />

Practices Short Course at the conclusion of<br />

this year’s No-Dig conference in Dallas, Texas.<br />

<strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong> was engaged by NASTT to<br />

develop the eight-hour course, which will be<br />

given at different locations throughout the year.<br />

Steve Klein guest lectured on rock mechanics<br />

at the University of California at Berkeley.<br />

Carol Ravano joined her local ASCE chapter<br />

for its annual Rebuilding Together Seattle<br />

work day. This year, volunteers from ASCE<br />

demolished and rebuilt a retaining wall at an<br />

elderly woman’s house.<br />

The Colorado School of Mines gained Victor<br />

Romero as a member of its Departmental<br />

Visiting Committee for the Department of<br />

Geology and Geotechnical Engineering. The<br />

committee helps the Department assess its<br />

progress toward achieving its goals.<br />

Sue Bednarz spoke to graduate students<br />

at Portland State University. She discussed<br />

geotechnical exploration and subsurface<br />

characterization for the West Side CSO Project,<br />

the East Side CSO Project, and the Portsmouth<br />

Force Main Project.<br />

The <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong> Principals graced the<br />

December cover of Tunnel Business Magazine.<br />

The accompanying article highlighted JA's<br />

history and extensive expertise in tunneling.<br />

Vice President John Stolz,PE, has been elected<br />

a Principal of the fi rm. John has 29 years of<br />

experience in the underground construction<br />

industry. His specialties include cost estimating,<br />

specifications and contracts, disputes review and<br />

resolution, and underground design.<br />

Hamid Erfan was appointed Vice President of<br />

Finance and Administration in the fall of 2007.<br />

Hamid joined the fi rm in 2001, bringing fi fteen<br />

years of fi nancial experience to his role. As<br />

the manager of <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>’ Accounting<br />

Department, he spearheaded the switch from<br />

Timberline to the newer Wind2 and Deltek Financial<br />

Management Systems. He holds an MS<br />

and BS in Mathematics from Purdue University.<br />

Mark D. Havekost,PE, was appointed Vice<br />

President. Mark has more than twelve years<br />

of experience in the underground industry,<br />

concentrating on tunnel design and geotechnical<br />

engineering. In particular, he has a strong<br />

background in geotechnical investigations,<br />

tunnel design, ground improvement, and a<br />

variety of tunnel construction methods – from<br />

hard rock tunnel boring machine to horizontal<br />

directional drilling.<br />

KC Carmichael was promoted to Associate.<br />

KC has over twenty years of experience with a<br />

FROM THE FIELD<br />

focus on construction claims, schedule analysis,<br />

litigation support, and exhibit preparation as<br />

part of dispute resolution. During his career, he<br />

has formulated innovative methods for analyzing,<br />

preparing, and presenting his clients' positions,<br />

including innovative electronic schedules<br />

and graphics for presenting clients’ positions in<br />

negotiations, mediations, arbitrations, and at<br />

trial.<br />

Greg Colzani has been promoted to corporate<br />

manager for all of our CM services. Greg is now<br />

responsible for coordinating all CM marketing<br />

efforts and staffi ng allocation between regions.<br />

Greg joined JA in 1998, and has nearly 30<br />

years of experience in tunnel and heavy civil<br />

construction, as well as mining. He has many<br />

diverse tunnel projects under his belt. He’s<br />

worked on projects ranging from hard rock to<br />

soft ground, including some of the fi rst use of<br />

large-diameter slurry TBMs in the U.S., as well<br />

as sub-sea tunneling under high pressures.<br />

Andrew Mencke,PE, was promoted to Senior<br />

Engineer. Andrew joined <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong> in<br />

2007 after working with the company as part of<br />

the Brightwater joint venture effort since 2005.<br />

Andrew is currently working on the University<br />

Link Project, for which he is the Lead Project<br />

Engineer on the U220 Contract."<br />

PERSONNEL<br />

In November, Laura Miles,PE, joined<br />

<strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>' Claims Group in<br />

Portland as a Senior Claims Engineer.<br />

The Pasadena office gained Emma<br />

Reiners as Regional Marketing Manager<br />

in April<br />

Also in November, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>'<br />

Seattle office gained Zakeyo Ngoma,PE.<br />

Zak is a Senior Engineer in the Design<br />

Group.<br />

Tung Vu joined our Pasadena office in<br />

December as a Staff Engineer in the<br />

Design Group.<br />

CAD Designer Pete Jacobchuk brought<br />

his expertise to the Seattle office in<br />

early January. Pete is part of the Design<br />

Group.<br />

Mark Rhodes joined the Heartland<br />

Corridor Project team as an inspector in<br />

January.<br />

John Yao,PE, joined <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>'<br />

Claims Group in Portland as a Senior<br />

Claims Engineer.<br />

The Seattle office welcomed Colin<br />

Lavassar in January. Colin is a Staff<br />

Engineer in the Design Group.<br />

In January, Norman Joyal,PE, GE,<br />

joined <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>' San Francisco<br />

office as an Associate.<br />

Staff Intern Steve Guarante is part of<br />

Seattle's Design Group as of January.<br />

Phaidra Campbell joined our Seattle<br />

office in February as a Staff Engineer in<br />

the Design Group.<br />

The San Francisco office also gained<br />

new employees in February, as Susie<br />

See signed on as Revenue Accountant<br />

and Nathan D'Annibale joined as<br />

Bookkeeper.<br />

RELOCATIONS<br />

Samantha Caldwell, formerly the administrative<br />

assistant for the Seattle office, has joined <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>'<br />

accounting team as an accounting technician.<br />

Amanda Morgan, Justin Kendall, and Joe<br />

Schrank have all taken roles with <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>'<br />

Construction Management Group working on the<br />

Heartland Corridor Project.<br />

JA OFFICES<br />

465 California Street<br />

Suite 1000<br />

San Francisco, CA 94104<br />

415.434.1822 (Phone)<br />

415.956.8502 (Fax)<br />

67 S. Bedford Street<br />

Suite 400 W.<br />

Burlington, MA 01803<br />

781.229.5820 (Phone)<br />

781.229.5821 (Fax)<br />

3430 E. Russell Road<br />

Suite 307<br />

Las Vegas, NV 89120<br />

702.214.4375 (Phone)<br />

702.214.4376 (Fax)<br />

221 E. Walnut Street<br />

Suite 220<br />

Pasadena, CA 91101<br />

626.737.6520 (Phone)<br />

626.737.6530 (Fax)<br />

MASTHEAD<br />

Executive Editor<br />

Victor Romero<br />

101 S.W. Main Street<br />

Suite 320<br />

Portland, OR 97204<br />

503.227.1800 (Phone)<br />

503.227.1821 (Fax)<br />

NEW ADDRESS<br />

3111 Camino del Rio N.<br />

Suite 400<br />

San Diego, CA 92108<br />

619.528.2291 (Phone)<br />

619.512.4406 (Fax)<br />

811 1 st Avenue<br />

Suite 407<br />

Seattle, WA 98104<br />

206.682.0081 (Phone)<br />

206.682.0092 (Fax)<br />

www.jacobssf.com<br />

Outstanding in any fi eld, <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong> San Francisco recently took a tour of Jan's Farm in ____. Pictured are ___,<br />

___, ___, and slung under one arm is ____'s daughter, ____.<br />

Ryan McCarter joined <strong>Jacobs</strong><br />

<strong>Associates</strong>' San Francisco office as an<br />

Office Engineer in March.<br />

CAD Designer Jon Clugston started<br />

work with the San Francisco office's<br />

Design Group in April.<br />

Tze Yee Tsang joined <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong>'<br />

San Francisco office as an Office<br />

Engineer in April.<br />

Designer<br />

Kyle Braget<br />

Editor<br />

Lisa Rode<br />

Technical Editor<br />

Victor Romero<br />

Comments? Corrections?<br />

We appreciate your feedback.<br />

finalliner@jacobssf.com<br />

Frank Pita recently led a group of <strong>Jacobs</strong> <strong>Associates</strong> employees and friends on an exciting spring skiing expedition to<br />

Steven's Pass. Pictured, left to right, Ben Piermattei, Phaidra & David Campbell, Frank & Jean Pita, and Colin Lavassar.<br />

4<br />

Final Liner • Volume 15

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