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20 ENDNOTES 1 Ewart M. Baldwin, Geology off Oregon, revised edition (1976) , p. 71. 2 Ibid., p. 60. 3 LeRoy A. deMoulin, J.A. Pomerening, and B.R. Thomas, Soil Inventory of the Mediford District, Oregon State Office, Bureau of Land Management (1975).
2. Shasta Ethnography INTRODUCTION Most of what is known about the customs of the Shasta Indians before European contact comes from the work of anthropologist Roland B. Dixon. He spent four field seasons (1900- 1904) with the Shasta on their native land in California and on the Siletz Reservation in Oregon. Following his research, Dixon wrote a description of their culture, language and myths. 1 In 1946, Catherine Holt published a supplement to Dixon's work from her month's research in 1937 with Sargent Sambo, one of Dixon's informants. 2 In 1924, the photographer-ethnographer Edward S. Curtis published an excellent sketch of the Shasta based on his studies and those of Dixon. 3 Other literature on the Shasta is taken largely from these ethnographies. Early historical information on the Shasta comes from the journals of Peter Skene Ogden, a Hudson's Bay Company trapper; 5 from George Gibbs, an ethnologist with the Pacific Railroad surveys in 1853-1855;6 from Lt. Emmons of the 1841 Wilkes Expedition; 1 and from Dr. Livingston Farrand, who collected southwestern Oregon Indian myths in 1900.8 SHASTA TERRITORY The Shasta Indians occupied almost all of Siskiyou County, California, which--except Scott and Shasta Valleys--is an extremely mountainous, rugged land. Their settlements were located in the river valleys, especially along the Klamath River, where there were concentrations of the resources they depended upon: acorns, fish, game, and native fruits and vegetables. Their Indian neighbors were the Sacramento Valley Wintun to the south, the Pit River Achomawi-Atsugewi tribes to the east, the lower Klamath River Karok and Yurok and the Trinity River Hupa to the west, and the Oregon Takelma, Klamath, Modoc, and various Athabaskan-speaking groups to the north. Shasta Territory in Oregon The Shasta northern boundary claimed portions of Klamath and Jackson Counties, but ethnographers disagree on whether
Page 1 and 2: DOCUMENT I 53.22/4: J 33x/c.2 L/ Pr
Page 3 and 4: To Jenny, one of the last Rogue Riv
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO
Page 7 and 8: United States - 114 Russia 114 Land
Page 9 and 10: 1. Introduction to the Overview PRO
Page 11 and 12: Follansbee researched and wrote Cha
Page 13 and 14: 5 Current archaeological work in th
Page 15 and 16: 7 Vast numbers of books and article
Page 17 and 18: _ | _ _ .- - -- -I R | z F n F I ,,
Page 19 and 20: , . . a I.W a a K. .1 In Ci u] _ _,
Page 21 and 22: 4-4 4-4 0 -4 (a fa 4-4 aT : . 4 J a
Page 23 and 24: - R5W GAtMCE 12UGIA- i- *-' .OSltIr
Page 25 and 26: . *-. .. , . - K K _K "S5W I. , '.
Page 27: 1.9 coal field known as the Rogue R
Page 31 and 32: 23 Twenty years after Dixon wrote t
Page 33 and 34: 25 - Several techniques are describ
Page 35 and 36: 27 In comparison with central Calif
Page 37 and 38: 29 find the cause, which they did b
Page 39 and 40: 31 CONFLICTS The typical conflict w
Page 41 and 42: 33 EUROPEAN CONTACT Fur traders of
Page 43 and 44: 35 I SHASTA ENDNOTES lRoland B. Dix
Page 45 and 46: 37 3 2 Curtis, "The Shasta," p. 124
Page 47 and 48: 40 culture items, and social custom
Page 49 and 50: 42 Deer were hunted with snares and
Page 51 and 52: 44 War Implements Bows and arrows w
Page 53 and 54: 46 The white grass basketry hats wo
Page 55 and 56: 48 Shamans were hostile to another
Page 57 and 58: 51 TAKELMA ENDNOTES lHoward McKinle
Page 59 and 60: 5 3 2 8 Sapir, "Takelma Notes," p.
Page 61 and 62: 56 Undoubtedly the best known sourc
Page 63 and 64: 58 different kinds of trees, chinqu
Page 65 and 66: 60 Three methods were used to hunt
Page 67 and 68: 62 and pestles were sometimes used
Page 69 and 70: 64 became less frequent in ethnogra
Page 71 and 72: 66 The Mourners' Sweatlodge These s
Page 73 and 74: 68 MARRIAGE Klamath marriage differ
Page 75 and 76: 70 After the cremation, mourners sw
Page 77 and 78: 73 KLAMATH ENDNOTES lAlbert S. Gats
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75 2 6 The boundaries and names of
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5. The Molalla and Athabaskans INTR
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79 There is evidence that the Molal
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81 APPLEGATE AND MOLALLA ENDNOTES l
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_ u , _H 5W GAt ICE A A 1 11 _ - I-
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86 serrated and had a long, project
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8 8 inferred. Newman pointed out th
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90 LOST CREEK AND ELK CREEK DAM RES
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922 The earlier phase containing ma
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94 Phase 3: Phase 2: Phase 1: This
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96 Conclusions Based on the discove
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_- 98 Two hundred and forty-six pot
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100 pits along the lower Williamson
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102 for over half the total number
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104 distinctive features of their e
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106 was near the confluence of a st
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108 6 Cressman, "Contributions," p.
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110 2 8 Linda Cordell, The Lingo Si
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7. Early Claims to the Pacific Nort
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115 that the area was rich in sea o
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117 eight hundred to nine hundred A
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8. Early Explorations to the 1840's
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123 impressed by the strength and i
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125 Table Rock as "a place of safet
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127 believing they had found a grea
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129 The 1843 Expedition Fremont's f
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131 building a stockade and raising
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134 1 5 Quoted in Johansen, Empire
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9. Overland Migrations INTRODUCTION
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139 From The Dalles, only crude Ind
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141 along the base of the Calapuya
Page 141 and 142:
143 On the same day, Jesse Applegat
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. w*;/ - 2 - I . - - l I . -1- -- .
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147 The trail went paCt Cold Spring
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coo o it';t:~~~~~~~~~~c to='' _ ,#
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151 mile to a spot near the Keene C
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DEPARTNIL. . I OF TH E INTERIOR GEO
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- ------------- -4 04 0 L 3.1 C', 4
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__ z ______ ______ -a W-~~~~1 .J V
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-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Aj z Al~~E All~
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160 1850 has even less evidence of
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162 disturbance. From Grants Pass t
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164 1 6 There are discrepancies in
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166 4 0 Helfrich, Part 2, Klamath E
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168 MINING FRONTIER AND MINERAL DEV
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170 The most efficient mining metho
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172 Lode Mining As the high-grade s
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174 FARMING FRONTIER SETTLEMENT AND
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176 Homesteading From about 1890 to
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178 Livestock Grazing and Developme
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i i '-C'Fort la in aih --. , -
Page 181 and 182:
182 mules in single file; the twice
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184 Following the Railroad Land Gra
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186 Klamath County The railroad arr
Page 187 and 188:
188 In 1903, Ray Potter built a sma
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1 3 Christian August Spreen, A Hist
Page 191 and 192:
193 3 6 Ibid. 37Ibid. 38Ibid., p. 9
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195 7 8 Also called Annie Creek; pr
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11. The Rogue River Indian Wars 185
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19 9 of clashes between the Indians
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201 they were upset that miners wer
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20 3 The whites finally won this ba
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205 Hungry Hill and Whiskey Creek.
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208 1 3 Sutton, Indian Wars, p. 52.
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210 THE KLAMATH: IMPACT OF CONTACT
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212 2 2~~~~~ I The Klamath also con
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214 -By 1833 as many as 250 people
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216 Education Schools were establis
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219 INDIAN HISTORY ENDNOTES lTheodo
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13. Non-Western and Minority Groups
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223 At the same time, large-scale d
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225 In 1862 the Oregon Legislature
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227 the O&C-from Portland to Sacram
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THE BLACKS Blacks in the Oregon Ter
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231 and bootblack in the Elite Barb
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233 by a number of other cars, and
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235 brick walls made it the most de
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237 _. ENDNOTES lViola Noon Currier
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239 40Ibid., p. 19-9. 4 1 Ibid. 42I
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14. Federal Government and the Rail
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243 Congress was nominally involved
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24 5 0 & C REVENUES BY COUNTIES Cou
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15. Synthesis INTRODUCTION It is cl
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251 that-fishing was probably impor
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2533 Although the ethnographic Indi
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255 Along with plant cultivation, l
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25 7 ENDNOTES lCurrent Archaeologic
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260 Another reason for assigning hi
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26 2 varying depth. They may be enc
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264 Therefore, it is imperative-tha
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26 6 The more information a site is
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268 HISTORY: RESEARCH DIRECTIONS Pr
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270 and to the timber industry (the
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272 significant not only structural
Page 267 and 268:
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
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278 "Aboriginal Burials in Southwes
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280 Newman, Thomas M. Final Report
Page 273 and 274:
282 Holt, Catherine. "Shasta Ethnog
Page 275 and 276:
Benjamin, Israel Joseph II. Three Y
Page 277 and 278:
286 Duncan, Legrande J.C. "Settleme
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Lai, H. Mark and Philip P. Choy. Ou
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290 Meany, Edmond S., ed. "The Diar
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292 Spier, Leslie. University of Ca
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294 OTHER RESEARCH LITERATURE Perio
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HISTORIC CHRONOLOGY
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299 1835: John Turner guides seven
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301 Indians from their native homel
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303 1884: Railroad reaches Ashland
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305 1937: Oregon and California (Ra
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308 ARCHAEOLOGY COVE CREEK ROCK SHE
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310 Records: Presumably the notes a
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312 Purpose of Field Work: Archaeol
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314 Project Results: Two house pits
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316 excavated, they may aid in inte
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318 IRON GATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJEC
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320 BIG BEND ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECT
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322 General Location of Field Work:
Page 313 and 314:
324 Field Procedures and Techniques
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326 HISTORY SURVEY OF STATE AND LOC
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328 GENERAL AND SPECIFIC RESEARCH O
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330 Field Procedures and Techniques
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332 Evaluation of Project: No basis
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334 Records: Probably in Library of
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336 Purpose of Field Work: To deter
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COLLECTIONS
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341 The manuscript collection is ca
Page 331 and 332:
343 (518) BX 45 Jackson Co. School
Page 333:
345 pestles and other grinding tool
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