Water Kit - Hunter Water
Water Kit - Hunter Water Water Kit - Hunter Water
influences on water supply in the hunter worksheet 1 Background A number of factors affect the volume of water supply in the Hunter. They include climatic and weather conditions, vegetation coverage, and water demand by humans. Each of these factors affect the availability of freshwater by impacting on the water cycle. Fluctuations in rainfall are strongly connected with the climate phenomenon called the Southern Oscillation, a major air pressure shift between the Asian and east Pacific regions. The best known extremes of this are El Niño and La Niña events, where rainfall is generally reduced (El Niño) or increased (La Niña). El Niño refers to a sequence of changes in ocean and atmospheric circulations across the Pacific Ocean and Indonesian archipelago when warming is particularly strong, resulting in altered weather conditions. Put simply, El Niño brings reduced rainfall conditions to eastern and northern Australia, particularly during winter, spring and early summer. El Niño events occur about every four to seven years and typically last for around 12 to 18 months. They are a natural part of the climate system and have been affecting the Pacific Basin for thousands of years. The El Niño effect can reduce the Hunter’s water supply during the months that it endures. RESEARCH Activity Managing our water supplies is a complex task. Each of the influences outlined in the table (overleaf) don’t operate on their own; they interact to reinforce or cancel out each other’s effect. Using the fact sheet Impacts on Catchment Water Quality as a starting point, research the natural and human influences on the water cycle. After doing this, briefly comment on how each ‘influence’ outlined in the table affects our freshwater supplies in the Hunter. Water kit . ssS . 001 . april 2010 26
influences on water supply in the hunter worksheet 1 influence connection with the water cycle INCREASE OR DECREASE SUPPLY EL NINO Ocean temperatures increase with increased evaporation, followed by extensive cloud cover (condensation).Trade winds move eastwards away from the east coast of Australia (there is a reversal of the Southern Oscillation). This cuts off a major moisture source and precipitation is decreased over the land. Water supplies decrease DROUGHT HOT DRY WINDS LARGE SCALE VEGETATION CLEARING SMART WATER USE AND WATER CONSERVATION Water kit . ssS . 001 . april 2010 27
- Page 1 and 2: Water kit . ssS . 001 . april 2010
- Page 3 and 4: introduction to water supply WATER
- Page 5 and 6: introduction WHY STUDY WATER? Water
- Page 7 and 8: 1.1 the water cycle INTRODUCTION Mo
- Page 9 and 10: BREAKING THE WATER CYCLE To supply
- Page 11 and 12: Hunter Water’s area of operations
- Page 13 and 14: Protecting and managing the catchme
- Page 15 and 16: Water From The Mountains Chichester
- Page 17 and 18: Rewarding Water Conservation A new
- Page 19 and 20: Main infrastructure of Hunter Water
- Page 21 and 22: 1.6 the managing groundwater supply
- Page 23 and 24: Water Sharing Plan for the Tomago,
- Page 25 and 26: Monitoring the Hunter catchment The
- Page 27 and 28: Environmental Hunter Water: • Dev
- Page 29 and 30: The Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) was
- Page 31: labour is invested on the site annu
- Page 35 and 36: ainfall patterns and water supply w
- Page 37 and 38: managing water supply sustainably w
- Page 39 and 40: 1.8 Sustainability & Water Supply S
- Page 41 and 42: Links with THE Syllabus Used collec
- Page 43 and 44: Integrated Water Resource Plan The
- Page 45 and 46: 2.2 being waterwise at home Our wat
- Page 47 and 48: 2.3 being waterwise at school Water
- Page 49 and 50: 2.4 school water audit Why DO A wat
- Page 51 and 52: 2.6 think twice water saving campai
- Page 53 and 54: design a water saving campaign work
- Page 55 and 56: assessing water conservation scheme
- Page 57 and 58: 8 Use wetlands to store stormwater
- Page 59 and 60: water audits - a case study workshe
- Page 61 and 62: desktop water audit worksheet 4 Ask
- Page 63 and 64: asic water audit worksheet 5 Leakin
- Page 65 and 66: environmental audit protocol worksh
- Page 67 and 68: water conservation resource list 2.
- Page 69 and 70: Links with THE Syllabus Used collec
- Page 71 and 72: These controls specify the quality
- Page 73 and 74: wwtw population communities daily v
- Page 75 and 76: Grit Tank Inorganic grit material i
- Page 77 and 78: 3.5 stormwater management What is s
- Page 79 and 80: 3.6 managing stormwater with sqids
- Page 81 and 82: ) Suggest strategies that might be
influences on water supply in the hunter<br />
worksheet 1<br />
influence<br />
connection with the<br />
water cycle<br />
INCREASE OR<br />
DECREASE SUPPLY<br />
EL NINO<br />
Ocean temperatures increase with increased evaporation, followed<br />
by extensive cloud cover (condensation).Trade winds move<br />
eastwards away from the east coast of Australia (there is a reversal<br />
of the Southern Oscillation). This cuts off a major moisture source<br />
and precipitation is decreased over the land.<br />
<strong>Water</strong> supplies decrease<br />
DROUGHT<br />
HOT DRY WINDS<br />
LARGE SCALE<br />
VEGETATION<br />
CLEARING<br />
SMART WATER USE<br />
AND WATER<br />
CONSERVATION<br />
<strong>Water</strong> kit . ssS . 001 . april 2010<br />
27
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