Water Kit - Hunter Water

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1.3 history of our water supply no.1 Safe Harbour and Good Water A large safe harbour, abundant fresh water, coal deposits and good soil attracted the first settlers to Newcastle and the Hunter. Water was obtained from streams, public wells and private storage tanks. Yet rapid growth in the 1860s placed pressure on water supplies and quality. Droughts also threatened water supplies and future economic growth. More secure water supplies were essential. The Start Of Treated Water Walka Water Works was completed by the Public Works Department in early 1887. The Water Board took control in 1892. It is located west of Maitland on the Hunter River and in 1887 had 50,000 potential consumers. A 15 inch pipe 37km long carried water to Newcastle. Those who could afford it had pipes and taps installed in their homes, others collected their water from public standpipes. Demand Greater Than Supply In 1912, just 20 years after the Water Board was formed, the population supplied with water had increased five fold. Industry was also growing rapidly, BHP opened in 1916 increasing water demand. The choice for a second water source was to build a dam or extract water from sandbeds. Many rivers in the Barrington Tops were studied before deciding on the Chichester River. 1903 1864 1887 1916 Hard Work and Health Concerns Storing and transporting water was time consuming and difficult. Pollution also posed a threat to water quality and public health; in 1878 a Lambton doctor said it was ‘not water at all, but mud’. The Hunter District Water Supply and Sewerage Board was created in 1892 to provide safe and reliable drinking water to the public and industry - which of course was easier said than done. A CycleOf Drought and Flood As Walka had limited storage capacity the Lower Hunter was still affected by floods and drought. A flood in 1893 caused major damage to the inlet structure and pipeline. Droughts in 1902-03 and 1905-06, and continued rapid growth, also raised the need to develop other water sources. The ‘hardness’ of Hunter River water for domestic chores was also a cause of concern to local residents. Bushrangers and World War Chichester Dam lies north of Dungog in an area once known for bushrangers such as Thunderbolt and Joe Burn. Work began in 1916 during the First World War, with more than 1000 men, women and children living in the construction village at Dusodie. The dam is surrounded by state forests which makes it one of the most protected and pristine catchment areas in Australia. 1875 1903 1924 Water kit . ssS . 001 . april 2010 8
Water From The Mountains Chichester Dam holds 21,500ML(one megalitre (ML) is one million litres). The catchment covers 120km2. The wall is constructed from thousands of inter-locking units of concrete. The 1000mm pipe to Newcastle is 85km long. After completion investigations began on a third source with a view to closing the Walka Water Works, the likely choice being the Tomago Sandbeds. More Water From Underground The Tomago Sandbeds stretch 25km from Tomago to Port Stephens and are 4km wide. The total catchment area is 105km2. Sand deposits underground hold freshwater ranging from 7m above to 15m below sea level. Hunter Water extracts up to 16,500 ML per year of raw water through a system of bores and pump stations. Extracted water is treated at the Tomago Treatment Plant. Production and Consumption Through the 1950s the Hunter kept growing as a major commercial centre for coal, steel, manufacturing and agriculture - serviced by the port of Newcastle. Growth in water use was linked to industrial activity; between1939 and 1952 the population suppliedwith water rose 10% but waterconsumption jumped by 90%. Demand again placed pressure on available supply. 1925 1940 1955 Depression and Then Recovery The Walka Water Works were closed in 1931 due to the Great Depression By 1935 the economy had recovered and in 1936 work began on the Tomago Sandbeds. The Water Board played a crucial role during World War II during which time consumption grew 50%. As a result, the Tomago Sandbeds changed from a backup water source to an indispensable part of the water system. 1937 Water kit . ssS . 001 . april 2010 9
Page 1 and 2: Water kit . ssS . 001 . april 2010
Page 3 and 4: introduction to water supply WATER
Page 5 and 6: introduction WHY STUDY WATER? Water
Page 7 and 8: 1.1 the water cycle INTRODUCTION Mo
Page 9 and 10: BREAKING THE WATER CYCLE To supply
Page 11 and 12: Hunter Water’s area of operations
Page 13: Protecting and managing the catchme
Page 17 and 18: Rewarding Water Conservation A new
Page 19 and 20: Main infrastructure of Hunter Water
Page 21 and 22: 1.6 the managing groundwater supply
Page 23 and 24: Water Sharing Plan for the Tomago,
Page 25 and 26: Monitoring the Hunter catchment The
Page 27 and 28: Environmental Hunter Water: • Dev
Page 29 and 30: The Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) was
Page 31 and 32: labour is invested on the site annu
Page 33 and 34: influences on water supply in the h
Page 35 and 36: ainfall patterns and water supply w
Page 37 and 38: managing water supply sustainably w
Page 39 and 40: 1.8 Sustainability & Water Supply S
Page 41 and 42: Links with THE Syllabus Used collec
Page 43 and 44: Integrated Water Resource Plan The
Page 45 and 46: 2.2 being waterwise at home Our wat
Page 47 and 48: 2.3 being waterwise at school Water
Page 49 and 50: 2.4 school water audit Why DO A wat
Page 51 and 52: 2.6 think twice water saving campai
Page 53 and 54: design a water saving campaign work
Page 55 and 56: assessing water conservation scheme
Page 57 and 58: 8 Use wetlands to store stormwater
Page 59 and 60: water audits - a case study workshe
Page 61 and 62: desktop water audit worksheet 4 Ask
Page 63 and 64: asic water audit worksheet 5 Leakin
Page 65 and 66:
environmental audit protocol worksh
Page 67 and 68:
water conservation resource list 2.
Page 69 and 70:
Links with THE Syllabus Used collec
Page 71 and 72:
These controls specify the quality
Page 73 and 74:
wwtw population communities daily v
Page 75 and 76:
Grit Tank Inorganic grit material i
Page 77 and 78:
3.5 stormwater management What is s
Page 79 and 80:
3.6 managing stormwater with sqids
Page 81 and 82:
) Suggest strategies that might be
Page 83 and 84:
Does it transport rubbish down into
Page 85 and 86:
stormwater in your school worksheet
Page 87 and 88:
improving wastewater worksheet 4 2
Page 89 and 90:
support material This section conta
Page 91 and 92:
International WEBSITES: Ecoschools
Page 93 and 94:
LOWER HUNTER CENTRAL COAST REGIONAL
Page 95 and 96:
agency project focus amount contact
Page 97 and 98:
4.5 glossary Aerate To charge or tr
Page 99 and 100:
Shoreline outfall Disposal of treat
show all

Water Kit - Hunter Water

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?