Modeling effects of fishing closures in the Western Florida Shelf
Modeling effects of fishing closures in the Western Florida Shelf
Modeling effects of fishing closures in the Western Florida Shelf
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
<strong>Model<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>closures</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Western</strong> <strong>Florida</strong> <strong>Shelf</strong><br />
David J. Die and Steven Saul*<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Miami<br />
* Currently SEFSC/NMFS/NOAA
Outl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
• Effects <strong>of</strong> <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>closures</strong><br />
• DWH Fish<strong>in</strong>g <strong>closures</strong><br />
• Resources/fleets affected<br />
• Evaluat<strong>in</strong>g impacts <strong>of</strong> DWH <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>closures</strong><br />
– Spatial model <strong>of</strong> West <strong>Florida</strong> <strong>Shelf</strong><br />
• Dynamic <strong>of</strong> <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> fleets<br />
• Reef fish dynamics<br />
– O<strong>the</strong>r models
Effects <strong>of</strong> <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>closures</strong><br />
on liv<strong>in</strong>g resources<br />
• Reduces or elim<strong>in</strong>ates <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> mortality <strong>in</strong> a<br />
given area/period<br />
– Target species<br />
– Bycatch<br />
• Reduces or elim<strong>in</strong>ates impacts <strong>of</strong> <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
habitat (if any are associated)<br />
• May redirect <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> to o<strong>the</strong>r areas/period
Effects <strong>of</strong> <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>closures</strong><br />
on fishery stakeholders<br />
• Changes fleet operations<br />
– Revenue and cost<br />
– Schedules<br />
• Commercial fishers<br />
• Recreational fishers<br />
• Recreational <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> providers<br />
• Changes availability <strong>of</strong> seafood products<br />
– For consumers<br />
– For processors<br />
• Monitor<strong>in</strong>g and enforc<strong>in</strong>g requirements<br />
DWH <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>closures</strong>:<br />
human health<br />
risk management
Effects <strong>of</strong> <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>closures</strong><br />
on fishery stakeholders<br />
• Changes fleet operations<br />
– Revenue and cost<br />
– Schedules<br />
• Commercial fishers<br />
• Recreational fishers<br />
• Recreational <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> providers<br />
• Changes availability <strong>of</strong> seafood products<br />
– For consumers<br />
– For processors<br />
• Monitor<strong>in</strong>g and enforc<strong>in</strong>g requirements
7 May 2010<br />
DWH Fish<strong>in</strong>g <strong>closures</strong>
Summary <strong>of</strong> <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>closures</strong><br />
• Highly dynamic closure:<br />
– Changed boundaries<br />
every few days/weeks<br />
– Ranged from<br />
2,697 km 2 to 229,270 km 2<br />
(35% <strong>of</strong> GOM federal waters)<br />
Area <strong>of</strong> <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> closure (km 2 )<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
Total closure<br />
Royal Red closure<br />
Shellfish closure<br />
– Started <strong>in</strong> early May 2010<br />
ended mid April 2011<br />
0<br />
1-May 30-Jun 29-Aug 28-Oct 27-Dec 25-Feb 26-Apr 25-Jun<br />
• There were also <strong>closures</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> state waters
Resources affected<br />
Federally managed stocks <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> GOM<br />
(GMFMC)<br />
• mackerels (3)<br />
• snappers (14)<br />
• groupers (15)<br />
• tilefish (5)<br />
• jacks (4)<br />
• sand perches (2)<br />
• triggerfish<br />
• hogfish<br />
• shrimp (4)<br />
• lobsters (2)<br />
• crabs (2)<br />
State managed species<br />
(HMS)<br />
• Tunas (8)<br />
• Billfish (6)<br />
• Dolph<strong>in</strong>fish<br />
• Wahoo<br />
• Sharks and rays (72)<br />
• snook<br />
• tarpon<br />
• seatrout<br />
• bonefish<br />
• menhaden<br />
• oysters
• Shrimp trawl<br />
Fleets affected<br />
• Menhaden purse se<strong>in</strong>e<br />
• Reef fish longl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
• Reef fish handl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
• Coastal gillnet<br />
• Pelagic longl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
• Oyster dredge<br />
• Lobster/crab trap<br />
• Estuar<strong>in</strong>e recreational<br />
• Rod and reel reef fish<br />
• Rod and reel estuary<br />
• Rod and reel pelagic
Spatial reef fish model <strong>of</strong> West <strong>Florida</strong> <strong>Shelf</strong><br />
Goal: Represent fish/fleet dynamics to evaluate methods<br />
to estimate stock dynamics from fishery observations<br />
• Simulate spatial reef fish abundance distribution us<strong>in</strong>g<br />
geostatistics and spatial <strong>in</strong>dexes <strong>of</strong> abundance<br />
• Represent fish life history characteristics (i.e. growth,<br />
maturity, ontogenetic migration)<br />
• Characterize <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> behavior<br />
us<strong>in</strong>g discrete choice models<br />
• Study how fish/fleet <strong>in</strong>teract to generate observations
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31<br />
-88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31<br />
-88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81
Distribution <strong>of</strong> Abundance<br />
•Abundance assigned<br />
us<strong>in</strong>g spatial statistics to<br />
estimate variograms and<br />
simulate patch<strong>in</strong>ess from<br />
fishery <strong>in</strong>dependent data<br />
•Results validated us<strong>in</strong>g<br />
multibeam <strong>in</strong>formation<br />
from known mapped<br />
areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong><br />
Mexico<br />
27.0 27.2 27.4 27.6 27.8 28.0<br />
Distributed With Spatial Autocorrela<br />
-84.0 -83.8 -83.6 -83.4 -83.2 -83.0
<strong>Model<strong>in</strong>g</strong> reef fish dynamics<br />
Life History<br />
• Juveniles recruit to nursery,<br />
mature, and migrate to adult<br />
habitat us<strong>in</strong>g biased random walk.<br />
• Parameterized us<strong>in</strong>g tagg<strong>in</strong>g data<br />
• Adult habitat settlement location<br />
determ<strong>in</strong>ed at time <strong>of</strong> birth.<br />
• Life history parameters obta<strong>in</strong>ed<br />
from most recent stock assessment
Dynamic <strong>of</strong> <strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> fleets<br />
<strong>of</strong> West <strong>Florida</strong> <strong>Shelf</strong>: Discrete Choice Models<br />
• <strong>Model<strong>in</strong>g</strong> efforts focused on three<br />
decisions:<br />
– When to fish<br />
– Where to fish<br />
– When to return to port<br />
• Assume three <strong>in</strong>dependent<br />
decisions<br />
• Two b<strong>in</strong>omial conditional logit models:<br />
when to fish and when to return to port<br />
• One mult<strong>in</strong>omial mixed model: where to<br />
fish
Fisher Survey<br />
• Obta<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation on<br />
factors vessel capta<strong>in</strong>s<br />
consider when mak<strong>in</strong>g<br />
decisions<br />
• Surveys dissem<strong>in</strong>ated to<br />
capta<strong>in</strong>s via participat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
fish houses (n =40)<br />
• Results used to determ<strong>in</strong>e<br />
how to structure each<br />
choice model<br />
Pan-<br />
Handle<br />
222 (7)<br />
Middle<br />
Grounds<br />
201 (29)<br />
Registered vessels<br />
(Survey responses)<br />
Southwest<br />
<strong>Florida</strong> 27 (4)
Data Used to Fit Models<br />
• Trip Observations: NOAA Logbook Data, 2005 and<br />
2006<br />
• Vessel Characteristics: Vessel Operat<strong>in</strong>g Unit Data<br />
• Land<strong>in</strong>g Sites and Ports: NOAA Dealer Data<br />
• Daily W<strong>in</strong>d Speed: NOAA National Data Buoy<br />
Center<br />
• Weekly Fuel Price: State <strong>of</strong> <strong>Florida</strong><br />
• Daily Price <strong>of</strong> Fish: NOAA Accumulated Land<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
Data<br />
• Regulations: SEDAR Stock Assessment Reports
Discrete Choice Model<br />
• Fish<strong>in</strong>g locations identified<br />
as <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>tersection <strong>of</strong> NMFS<br />
statistical grids and 20<br />
meter depth contours<br />
• Fish<strong>in</strong>g ports identified<br />
from dealer <strong>in</strong>formation <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> commercial logbook<br />
data
Discrete Choice Models<br />
Handl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
Longl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
• Assumed multiple gears not rigged on same<br />
boat or fished simultaneously<br />
• Models established for each gear type
Discrete<br />
choice<br />
models:<br />
Fish<strong>in</strong>g or not<br />
• Closures <strong>in</strong>fluence<br />
decisions <strong>in</strong> both fleets<br />
• Weekends <strong>in</strong>fluence<br />
<strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g</strong> decisions<br />
• Fish Price and fuel<br />
cost <strong>in</strong>fluence decision<br />
<strong>of</strong> when to fish<br />
• W<strong>in</strong>dspeed <strong>in</strong>fluences<br />
handl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
Closures<br />
Price Day <strong>of</strong> week<br />
When to fish<br />
handl<strong>in</strong>e longl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
Vessel use frequency *** ***<br />
Return to port<br />
handl<strong>in</strong>e longl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
Ratio current to past catch *** ***<br />
Shallow water grouper *** *** *** **<br />
Red Snapper *** **<br />
Tile Fish * **<br />
Deep Water Grouper *** ***<br />
Monday<br />
Tuesday<br />
Wednesday<br />
Thursday<br />
Friday<br />
Saturday * ***<br />
Sunday *<br />
Red grouper **<br />
Gag grouper ***<br />
Red snapper *** ***<br />
Mutton snapper *<br />
Vermillion snapper ***<br />
Fuel cost *** **<br />
W<strong>in</strong>d speed *** ***
Discrete<br />
choice<br />
models:<br />
Where to fish
DWH <strong>closures</strong> impacts on <strong>the</strong> W <strong>Florida</strong> <strong>Shelf</strong><br />
• Evaluate static biomass for 5<br />
reef fish species with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
closure area<br />
• Currently test<strong>in</strong>g fully<br />
<strong>in</strong>tegrated<br />
simulation model<br />
performance<br />
• Need to start evaluat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
actual closure <strong>effects</strong> on<br />
stocks<br />
• Compare predicted fleet<br />
behavior with observed (VMS)
Closure related samples