e & t com -8.pdf - Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal

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1. Semiconductor Devices
General purpose diodes, SCR, Diacs, Triacs, Tunnel diodes, Opto-electronics
devices, Zener diodes, JFET, Bipolar transistors; UJT, TTL, MOSFET, NMOS
and CMOS; OpAmps, summing, integrator, differentiator, RC and active filters.
ICs, SSI, MSI VLSI, etc.
2. Logic circuits
Decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal numbers, Digital fundamentals, Half
adder, Full adder, Encoder, Decoder, Multiplexer, De-multiplexer; Concept of
memory, flip flop, shift register, clock, triggering,
3. Digital Electronics
Switching characteristics of transistors, Logic circuits utilizing Bipolar transistor,
NMOS, CMOS, Memory – RAM, DRAM, ROM, EEPROM, programmable logic
arrays, VLSI, CCDs.
4. Microprocessor fundamentals
Basic computer architecture, RAM, ROM, EPROM, Input/output devices, parallel
and serial interfaces, address decoding, synchronization, ASCII codes, baud
rate, start and stop bit, parity bit, RS232, RS432.
5. Modulation Techniques
General knowledge in analog and digital communication techniques, Amplitude
Modulation (DSB,SSB,ISB) Compatible AM, Frequency Modulation, Phase
Modulation, Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Time Division Multiplexing
(TDM), CDM, PCM, PAM, Phase Shift Keying (PSK), BPSK QPSK, DPSK,
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
6. Antenna and Propagation
Antenna fundamentals, Basic antenna parameters, Dipoles, Yagi and Log
Periodic Arrays, HF, VHF, UHF and Microwave antennas and their radiation
patterns, Propagation between antennas, propagation in various radio frequency
spectrum, Fiber optical cables, Losses in fiber optical cables, fiber connections
and splices
7. Transmission Lines
Balanced and unbalanced transmission lines, open wire and coaxial
transmission lines, matching techniques, wave guides, travelling and standing
waves, matched and mismatched lines, tuned circuits, filters, phase shift,
adequate knowledge of various coaxial cables and connectors.

8. Communication techniques
Analog and digital electronics, PLL, Basic knowledge of wire and radio
communication, Transmitters, Receivers, electromagnetic waves, RF energy,
audio and video signaling,
9. Power Supply Systems
Basic knowledge of Diesel, Petrol and Solar Power Systems, Storage Batteries,
Electric Motors. Single Phase/Three Phase AC supplies, DC Supply, Voltage
and Current Regulators, Inverters, UPS, SMPS, Isolation and Power
Transformers, Surge Protectors, Earthing System, Lightning Protection.
10. Satellite communication
Basic knowledge of satellite communication, Satellite orbits, Geostationary orbit,
Uplink and down link, VSAT and its applications.
11. Test Equipment
Measurement of AC/DC Voltage, Current and Resistance, Analog and Digital
Signal waveforms, Frequency, Audio/Video Signaling, RF Field Strength,
Modulation, RF Power output, VSWR, Earth Resistance, Spectrum analysis
12. Radio Spectrum
Radio Act and Radio Regulations of Nepal, Regulatory body, Process of
frequency monitoring, allocation, registration and licensing in Nepal, Spectrum
management in Civil Aviation.
13. CNS/ATM
Air Traffic Management
Role of CNS in Air Traffic Management, Air routes, Air Traffic Services, Structure
of CAAN, Disaster Preparedness Programme, etc.
Communication
ATN, AFTN, Air ground, Ground to ground, ATS Direct Speech Services and
their technical requirements. Satellite based digital and voice communication
systems - CPDLC, VDL, SSR Mode-S.
Navigation
Detailed theoretical knowledge plus Installation and operational requirements of
NDB, VOR/DVOR, DME, and ILS. Satellite based future Air Navigation- GNSS,
GPS and GLONASS.
Surveillance.
Principal of operation of Primary and Secondary Radar. Satellite based future
Surveillance Systems- ADS-B, ADS-C and their technical requirements

14. Information Technology
Basic knowledge of computer hardware and software, networking techniques,
internet, intranet, modems, computer protocols.
15. ICAO/ITU
ICAO and ITU as the specialized agencies of the United Nations involved in
specific fields, Members and contracting states, ICAO Standards and
recommended practices, ICAO Annexes to the conventions as the guidelines to
the states, role of ICAO in aviation standardization.
16. Miscellaneous
Applicable laws of Nepal and CAAN for civil aviation
CAAN Business/Administration Regulations 2057
Radio Act of Nepal
Radio Regulation of Nepal

Model Questions
A) Objective Question
1. Compatible AM modulation has :
a) One sideband and full carrier b) Two sidebands and no carrier
c) Two sidebands and full carrier d) One sideband and half carrier
B) Short Answer Question
1. What will change when diameter of the ring of antenna is altered in a
DVOR ?
C) Long Answer Question
1. Suppose the commissioning flight check of a newly installed DVOR/DME
reveals that there are significant course roughness and scalloping beyond
use in some of the active radials. What technical modifications would you
try prior to deciding to relocate that DVOR/DME to another place?

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