Authors Iain Begg | Gabriel Glöckler | Anke Hassel ... - The Europaeum
Authors Iain Begg | Gabriel Glöckler | Anke Hassel ... - The Europaeum Authors Iain Begg | Gabriel Glöckler | Anke Hassel ... - The Europaeum
irrespectively of benefit and costs, only because transactions can be measured without quarrel and well-being can’t. But well-being, not economic transactions is what matters in the end: the real challenge for Social Europe is to improve the material conditions of the lives of Europeans through a model that doesn’t rest on the illusion of naturally efficient world markets and plentiful natural resources. There is no intrinsic contradiction between an efficient, dynamic economy and one that places social justice at its core. The achievement of the former rests on the latter. But economic growth alone does not automatically lead to a reduction in income inequalities, in-work poverty or regional disparities and not everybody can be incorporated in the labour market. Investment in labour market modernisation, skills upgrading and innovation can provide high returns in growth, productivity and employment − but strengthening Social Europe also implies difficult choices between efficiency and equity, and a meaningful degree of (financial) solidarity between member states. In this respect, the case for Social Europe and for a stronger Union in the next decade remains to be made, and progressive political parties still have to find a coherent narrative for the role of the State and welfare in the XXI century. There is more. While Europe sometimes tends to preach and irritate its global partners on a range of issues, it has to be reiterated that in the employment and social field, more than in any other perhaps, the EU represents the aspiration for a world governed by law. The current crisis offers an opportunity to strengthen the Union’s sphere of influence in an increasingly interdependent and multi-polar world, and shape globalisation in a sustainable manner. While recognising the diverging employment, social and economic realities, the EU strategy for 2020 should push for the exchange of experience and cooperation towards a common international agenda for sustainable development, focused on free and productive employment with a rights-based approach and access to minimum social protection; on social dialogue; on antidiscrimination and gender equality. In return, the EU may gain some of the vitality and confidence about the future that is so pervasive in emerging economies from Brazil to Turkey and China - and so conspicuously absent in Europe. 114 After the crisis: A new socio-economic settlement for the EU
Chapter 8 Lisbon through the looking glass: Europe’s knowledge economy and the Varieties of Capitalism Dermot Hodson and Marco Simoni The European economy has undergone unprecedented turmoil as a result of the global financial crisis. The collapse of the US subprime mortgage market in mid-2007 and its after effects have been keenly felt on the other side of the Atlantic with banks in the euro area alone expected to lose US$649 billion over the period 2007-10 (ECB, 2009: 103). The financial crisis has already taken its toll on the real economy with gross domestic product (GDP) in the European Union set to contract by 4% in 2009 while unemployment is likely to rise above 9%. 1 The global financial crisis has put paid to EU leaders’ promise at Lisbon in March 2000 to deliver “sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs” by the end of the decade. In truth, however, the dream of Lisbon faded well before the current round of economic and financial turmoil. In 2007, the unemployment rate in the EU15 was at 7%, i.e. marginally lower than 2000. 2 GDP growth in the EU15 averaged 1.9% over the period 2000-08, which is disappointing by historical standards and compared with key trading partners: in 2008 GDP per capita in the EU15 stood at 74% of the US level, which is only fractionally better than in 2000. The Lisbon Strategy has also fallen far short in its efforts to build the world’s most competitive, dynamic knowledge-based economy. According Chapter 8 – Dermot Hodson and Marco Simoni 115
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irrespectively of benefit and costs, only because transactions can be<br />
measured without quarrel and well-being can’t. But well-being, not<br />
economic transactions is what matters in the end: the real challenge for<br />
Social Europe is to improve the material conditions of the lives of<br />
Europeans through a model that doesn’t rest on the illusion of naturally<br />
efficient world markets and plentiful natural resources.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re is no intrinsic contradiction between an efficient, dynamic economy<br />
and one that places social justice at its core. <strong>The</strong> achievement of the former<br />
rests on the latter. But economic growth alone does not automatically lead<br />
to a reduction in income inequalities, in-work poverty or regional<br />
disparities and not everybody can be incorporated in the labour market.<br />
Investment in labour market modernisation, skills upgrading and<br />
innovation can provide high returns in growth, productivity and<br />
employment − but strengthening Social Europe also implies difficult<br />
choices between efficiency and equity, and a meaningful degree of<br />
(financial) solidarity between member states. In this respect, the case for<br />
Social Europe and for a stronger Union in the next decade remains to be<br />
made, and progressive political parties still have to find a coherent<br />
narrative for the role of the State and welfare in the XXI century.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re is more. While Europe sometimes tends to preach and irritate its<br />
global partners on a range of issues, it has to be reiterated that in the<br />
employment and social field, more than in any other perhaps, the EU<br />
represents the aspiration for a world governed by law. <strong>The</strong> current crisis<br />
offers an opportunity to strengthen the Union’s sphere of influence in an<br />
increasingly interdependent and multi-polar world, and shape globalisation<br />
in a sustainable manner. While recognising the diverging employment,<br />
social and economic realities, the EU strategy for 2020 should push for<br />
the exchange of experience and cooperation towards a common<br />
international agenda for sustainable development, focused on free and<br />
productive employment with a rights-based approach and access to<br />
minimum social protection; on social dialogue; on antidiscrimination and<br />
gender equality. In return, the EU may gain some of the vitality and<br />
confidence about the future that is so pervasive in emerging economies<br />
from Brazil to Turkey and China - and so conspicuously absent in Europe.<br />
114<br />
After the crisis: A new socio-economic settlement for the EU