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There is no significant difference in ever use of modern methods between married men and women, with 15 percent of currently married men age 15-59 having ever used a modern method. However, ever use of traditional methods is nearly three times higher among married men (16 percent) than among married women (6 percent). The difference in ever use of traditional methods is due to higher reporting of periodic abstinence by married men than women (15 percent versus 5 percent). The most common ever-used modern method among currently married women and men is the pill (11 percent each), followed by injectables (6 percent and 7 percent, respectively). The most common ever-used traditional method among both currently married women and men is periodic abstinence. Ever use of any method among currently married women rises from 11 percent among the youngest cohort to about 19 percent among women age 25-39 and falls thereafter to 16 percent among women age 40-44 and 9 percent among women age 45-49. The pill is the most commonly used method among women regardless of age group. Traditional methods fall in popularity at older ages. 5.3 CURRENT USE OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS This section focuses on the levels, differentials, and trends in the current use of family planning methods. The contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) for currently married women who are currently using a method of family planning is 8 percent for Ethiopia (Table 5.5). The CPR for modern methods is 6 percent, while only 2 percent of currently married women are using traditional methods (Figure 5.1). There is a marked discrepancy between ever use and current use of family planning. Whereas 17 percent of married women have used a method of family planning at some time, only 8 percent are currently using a method. The difference between ever use and current use is highest for the pill, implying a high discontinuation among pill users. The level of current use of any method among currently married men is nearly twice (15 percent) that among women. The corresponding numbers for modern and traditional methods are 9 percent and 7 percent, respectively. The most widely used modern methods among currently married women and men are injectables and pill (3 percent each among women and 4 percent each among men ). Condom use was negligible (less than 1 percent) among both currently married women and men. Periodic abstinence is the most commonly practiced traditional method used by 2 percent and 6 percent of currently married women and men, respectively. Much of the male-female difference in current use is due to higher reporting of the use of traditional methods, especially periodic abstinence, by men (Figure 5.1). Table 5.5 shows that current use is relatively high among sexually active unmarried women. Four in ten sexually active unmarried women reported that they are using a method, and more than onethird of them are using a modern method. The pill and condom are the most widely used modern methods among sexually active unmarried women and men, with 18 percent of women and 6 percent of men using the pill and 11 percent of women and 20 percent of men using the condom. Current use varies by women’s age and is lowest among currently married women age 15-19 and highest among women age 35-39. Use of modern methods is 8 percent among women age 25-39. The pill is the most popular method among women age 15-19 and 30-34, while injectables are most popular among women at all other age groups. Traditional methods, especially periodic abstinence, are most used by women age 35-39. 52 * Fertility Regulation
Table 5.5 Current use of contraception Percentage of all women and men, currently married women and men, and sexually active unmarried women and men who are currently using a contraceptive method, by specific method and for women, by age, Ethiopia 2000 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Modern method Traditional method ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________ Any Any Female tradi- Periodic Not Any modern Inject- sterili- Im- tional absti- With- Other currently Age ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ method method Pill IUD ables Condom zation plant method nence drawal methods using Total Number ALL WOMEN (MEN) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 98.5 100.0 3,710 6.0 4.3 1.7 0.0 1.9 0.7 0.0 0.0 1.7 1.4 0.2 0.1 94.0 100.0 2,860 9.0 7.4 2.8 0.1 3.8 0.7 0.1 0.0 1.6 1.2 0.2 0.1 91.0 100.0 2,585 8.1 7.3 3.7 0.3 2.7 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.0 91.9 100.0 1,841 9.7 7.1 2.7 0.1 3.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 2.6 2.4 0.1 0.1 90.3 100.0 1,716 6.4 5.3 1.7 0.1 2.4 0.1 0.9 0.0 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.0 93.6 100.0 1,392 3.5 2.3 0.4 0.0 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.0 96.5 100.0 1,264 All ages: women All ages: men 5.9 10.8 4.7 6.9 1.9 2.7 0.1 0.1 2.1 2.3 0.4 1.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.2 3.8 1.0 3.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 94.1 89.2 100.0 100.0 15,367 2,607 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CURRENTLY MARRIED WOMEN (MEN) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 3.9 3.0 1.8 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 96.1 100.0 862 7.5 5.4 2.3 0.0 2.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.7 0.3 0.1 92.5 100.0 1,807 9.6 7.8 2.7 0.1 4.4 0.4 0.1 0.0 1.8 1.4 0.3 0.2 90.4 100.0 2,051 9.0 8.0 4.1 0.3 3.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.1 91.0 100.0 1,572 10.9 7.8 2.9 0.2 3.6 0.4 0.5 0.1 3.1 2.8 0.1 0.2 89.1 100.0 1,441 7.9 6.6 2.2 0.1 3.1 0.1 1.1 0.0 1.3 1.1 0.3 0.0 92.1 100.0 1,096 4.1 2.5 0.4 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 1.6 1.3 0.3 0.0 95.9 100.0 961 All ages: women All ages: men 8.1 15.3 6.3 8.8 2.5 4.0 0.1 0.1 3.1 4.1 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.7 6.5 1.5 5.8 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 91.9 84.7 100.0 100.0 9,789 1,460 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ SEXUALLY ACTIVE UNMARRIED WOMEN (MEN) 1 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15-19 20-24 25+ 45.7 44.5 21.0 0.0 4.4 19.1 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.2 0.0 0.0 54.3 100.0 43 45.6 32.6 12.3 0.0 5.1 15.2 0.0 0.0 13.0 13.0 0.0 0.0 54.4 100.0 45 36.3 33.2 19.2 0.0 8.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 2.5 0.3 0.3 63.7 100.0 92 All ages: women All ages: men 40.8 28.0 35.7 27.1 17.9 6.4 0.0 0.0 6.4 0.9 11.4 19.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 1.0 4.8 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 59.2 72.0 100.0 100.0 180 79 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Note: If more than one method is used, only the most effective method is considered in this table. 1 Sexually active unmarried women (men) are those who have had sexual intercourse in the one month preceding the interview. Fertility Regulation* 53
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Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
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Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
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CONTENTS Page Tables and Figures ..
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CHAPTER 8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALIT
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TABLES AND FIGURES Page CHAPTER 1 I
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Table 5.22 Women’s approval of fa
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Page CHAPTER 11 INFANT FEEDING AND
Page 15:
FOREWORD The 2000 Ethiopia Demograp
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The 2000 Ethiop
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Twelve percent of children are full
Page 23 and 24: WOMEN’S STATUS The DHS data shed
Page 25 and 26: The majority of the population live
Page 27 and 28: Table 1.2 Results of the household
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.1 Household population by a
Page 31 and 32: Table 2.3 Children’s living arran
Page 33 and 34: An investigation of the changes in
Page 35 and 36: The age-specific attendance rates (
Page 37 and 38: ural than in urban households. The
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.11 Utilization and source o
Page 41 and 42: Table 3.1 Background characteristic
Page 43 and 44: Table 3.3 Educational attainment by
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.4 Literacy Percent distribu
Page 47 and 48: 3.5 EMPLOYMENT Respondents were ask
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.6.2 Employment: men Percent
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.7.2 Occupation: men Percent
Page 53 and 54: Employment is assumed to go hand in
Page 55 and 56: Table 3.10 Women's agreement with r
Page 57 and 58: primary education. There is substan
Page 59 and 60: FERTILITY 4 Fertility is the most i
Page 61 and 62: 4.2 FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS Table 4
Page 63 and 64: 4.4 CHILDREN EVER BORN AND LIVING T
Page 65 and 66: Comparison of these results with th
Page 67 and 68: Table 4.7 Age at first birth Percen
Page 69 and 70: FERTILITY REGULATION 5 Information
Page 71 and 72: Table 5.2 Couples’ knowledge of c
Page 73: Table 5.4 Ever use of contraception
Page 77 and 78: Table 5.6.1 Current use of contrace
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.6.2 Current use of contrace
Page 81 and 82: “Prudence” is used by 13 percen
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.12 Number of children at fi
Page 85 and 86: 5.10 INTENTION TO USE FAMILY PLANNI
Page 87 and 88: The majority (46 percent) of women
Page 89 and 90: Education of respondents is closely
Page 91 and 92: To get an insight into the level of
Page 93 and 94: When there is a perceived disagreem
Page 95 and 96: OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FER
Page 97 and 98: 6.2 POLYGYNY The extent of polygyny
Page 99 and 100: Table 6.3 Age at first marriage Per
Page 101 and 102: Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
Page 103 and 104: Table 6.7 Recent sexual activity: w
Page 105 and 106: ut had had sex before (Table 6.8).
Page 107 and 108: FERTILITY PREFERENCE 7 Due to vario
Page 109 and 110: Figure 7.2 Desire to Limit Childbea
Page 111 and 112: Table 7.4 Desire to limit childbear
Page 113 and 114: Table 7.5 Need for family planning
Page 115 and 116: Table 7.6 also shows that the ideal
Page 117 and 118: Table 7.9 shows wanted fertility ra
Page 119 and 120: and deaths affects mortality estima
Page 121 and 122: 8.3 SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS IN
Page 123 and 124: 8.4 DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIALS IN MO
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at any time during the five years b
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Table 8.5 High-risk fertility behav
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siblings with missing information f
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Table 9.2 Direct estimates of mater
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Table 10.1 Antenatal care Percent d
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Table 10.3 Antenatal care content P
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Affar Region. Education of the moth
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Table 10.6 Place of delivery Percen
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irths to women with no education. N
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Table 10.9 Postnatal care by backgr
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10.10 EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT In some
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Table 10.12 Perceived problem in ac
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Figure 10.2 Vaccination Coverage Am
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Table 10.15 Vaccinations in first y
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Only 16 percent of all children und
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Very few children with fever are ta
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10.17 PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA Diarrh
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Table 10.23 Diarrhea treatment Amon
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INFANT FEEDING AND CHILDHOOD AND MA
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Information on supplementation was
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The median and mean duration of bre
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Table 11.5 Frequency of foods consu
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Table 11.7 Iodized salt Percent dis
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A mother’s nutritional status dur
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e related to age and that weight be
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Chronic malnutrition among Ethiopia
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of 140 to 150 centimeters. The BMI,
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Table 12.1 Knowledge of AIDS Percen
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Table 12.2.2 Source of information
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Table 12.4.1 Knowledge of programma
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Table 12.5 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS-re
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or partner than others. Discussion
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Tables 12.9.1 and 12.9.2 show the k
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Table 12.10 Self-reporting of sexua
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Table 12.12 Number of sexual partne
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Sexual intercourse with noncohabiti
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REFERENCES Boerma, J. Ties. 1988. M
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A.4 SAMPLING FRAME The Ethiopia DHS
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The Men’s Questionnaire collected
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Table A.1.1 Sample implementation:
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS APPEND
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In general, the relative standard e
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Table B.2 Sampling errors: National
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Table B.4 Sampling errors: Rural sa
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Table C.2 Age distribution of eligi
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Table C.5 Reporting of age at death
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Table C.8 Indicators of data qualit
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Statisticians Abay Getachew Amanuel
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Female Interviewers (contd.) Rahel
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE Now we would lik
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CURRENT SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IF AGE 5-
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PARENTAL SURVIVORSHIP AND RESIDENCE
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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CENTRAL STATISTICAL AUTHORITY ETHIO
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211 Now I would like to record the
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LAST BIRTH NAME ___________________
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427 Was (NAME) delivered by caesari
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442 Are you still breastfeeding (NA
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION AND HEALTH
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463 Has (NAME) been ill with a feve
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479 Where did you seek advice or tr
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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804 What was the name given to your
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SECTION 9: FEMALE CIRCUMCISION NO.
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SECTION 11. SEXUAL ACTIVITY NO. QUE
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INTERVIEWER’S OBSERVATIONS TO BE
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTION NO. QUESTIO
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SECTION 4. MARRIAGE NO. QUESTIONS A
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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SECTION 7: AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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