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Table 4.5 Children ever born and living Percent distribution of all women and currently married women and of all men and currently married men by number of children ever born (CEB), and mean number of children ever born and mean number of living children, according to age group, Ethiopia 2000 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mean Mean number Number of children ever born number of __________________________________________________________ of living Age 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10+ Total Number CEB children ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ALL WOMEN ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 87.2 10.5 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 3,710 0.15 0.13 38.1 24.3 22.2 11.3 3.3 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 2,860 1.20 1.02 14.6 12.7 19.7 22.2 16.1 9.3 3.4 1.3 0.7 0.1 0.0 100.0 2,585 2.65 2.17 4.5 4.6 9.0 10.4 17.0 19.8 16.9 10.2 5.2 1.7 0.7 100.0 1,841 4.57 3.62 3.5 2.9 5.8 8.0 8.3 14.8 18.9 15.6 10.6 6.2 5.3 100.0 1,716 5.66 4.40 1.8 3.4 3.6 3.7 6.2 11.1 12.4 15.4 15.3 12.9 14.0 100.0 1,392 6.74 4.99 2.4 2.4 4.0 4.1 5.3 6.9 10.3 12.6 16.2 13.1 22.8 100.0 1,264 7.23 5.21 Total 31.9 10.6 10.3 8.7 7.3 7.3 6.7 5.6 4.6 3.2 3.8 100.0 15,367 3.09 2.39 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ CURRENTLY MARRIED WOMEN ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15-19 51.5 39.9 7.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 862 0.58 0.50 20-24 13.4 31.8 31.8 16.7 5.0 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 1,807 1.73 1.48 25-29 5.1 10.8 21.7 25.6 19.1 11.3 3.9 1.4 0.9 0.1 0.0 100.0 2,051 3.06 2.52 30-34 2.0 3.7 7.1 9.6 17.3 22.0 19.1 11.4 5.1 2.0 0.8 100.0 1,572 4.87 3.89 35-39 2.7 2.7 4.3 7.0 8.3 14.5 19.4 16.8 11.7 6.7 6.1 100.0 1,441 5.90 4.63 40-44 1.5 3.1 2.6 2.5 5.4 10.1 11.0 15.5 16.3 15.2 16.7 100.0 1,096 7.10 5.32 45-49 1.9 1.4 3.0 3.7 4.4 4.9 9.5 13.3 17.6 14.2 26.1 100.0 961 7.65 5.60 Total 9.2 13.1 13.5 11.7 10.0 9.8 9.0 7.6 6.3 4.4 5.5 100.0 9,789 4.21 3.30 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ALL MEN ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15-19 99.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 600 0.00 0.00 20-24 85.5 9.1 3.7 1.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 408 0.22 0.19 25-29 40.8 22.5 17.5 11.9 4.1 2.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 343 1.27 1.06 30-34 20.2 8.3 24.7 17.8 11.2 12.0 2.4 2.0 0.1 0.1 1.2 100.0 276 2.59 2.14 35-39 7.0 2.8 9.8 17.3 19.1 14.2 14.1 10.4 2.7 0.6 1.9 100.0 304 4.26 3.44 40-44 6.4 6.0 5.0 11.0 5.0 6.6 18.0 13.4 10.9 8.1 9.6 100.0 182 5.88 4.37 45-49 2.1 0.4 2.4 4.4 6.0 5.6 12.8 10.6 14.6 13.9 27.3 100.0 207 7.95 5.87 50-54 0.0 1.1 3.0 2.4 0.3 4.4 11.9 15.7 18.8 12.6 29.7 100.0 142 8.45 6.48 55-59 2.4 1.8 1.7 4.7 4.6 4.8 2.8 15.9 19.6 13.6 28.1 100.0 146 8.03 5.87 Total 45.4 6.3 7.5 7.1 5.1 4.7 5.1 4.9 4.4 3.2 6.4 100.0 2,607 2.92 2.25 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ CURRENTLY MARRIED MEN ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15-19 * * * * * * * * * * * 100.0 7 0.25 0.00 20-24 33.9 40.1 17.2 5.3 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 100.0 76 1.06 0.87 25-29 12.5 32.5 26.8 16.9 6.3 3.7 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 222 1.88 1.59 30-34 6.3 7.5 29.8 21.4 13.5 14.6 2.8 2.4 0.1 0.1 1.4 100.0 228 3.11 2.56 35-39 3.8 2.9 10.5 17.6 18.8 15.2 14.6 11.1 2.9 0.6 2.0 100.0 284 4.43 3.58 40-44 3.4 6.2 3.7 11.6 5.1 6.2 19.2 14.3 11.7 8.5 10.2 100.0 171 6.16 4.57 45-49 1.0 0.2 1.4 4.7 4.8 6.0 12.8 10.2 14.7 14.8 29.4 100.0 192 8.22 6.10 50-54 0.0 1.1 3.1 2.3 0.4 4.5 12.1 16.0 19.1 11.4 30.2 100.0 139 8.46 6.51 55-59 1.1 1.9 0.3 4.8 4.7 4.9 2.9 16.4 20.2 14.0 28.9 100.0 142 8.24 6.02 Total 6.4 9.9 12.6 12.3 8.6 8.2 8.8 8.6 7.7 5.5 11.4 100.0 1,460 5.10 3.92 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Note: An asterisk indicates that a figure is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases and has been suppressed. 42 * Fertility
Comparison of these results with those obtained for women who are currently in union shows that at younger ages, the average number of children ever born increases more rapidly with increasing age among currently married women than among currently married men. However, at older ages, the average number of children ever born is higher for currently married men than that for currently married women (8.2 for men and 7.7 for women at age 45-49). The more rapid rise in number of children ever born among younger women than among younger men is due to their earlier entrance into marital union. Among men, the higher level of average number of children ever born at older ages may be explained by the fact that men are more likely to enter into multiple unions and therefore may have more children than their wives. 4.5 BIRTH INTERVALS Longer birth intervals contribute to improved health status of both mother and child. Infants born within two years of the birth of a previous child experience a higher risk of health problems. Table 4.6 shows the distribution of second and higher order births that occurred in the five years preceding the survey by the number of months since the previous birth, according to background variables. In Ethiopia, 20 percent of nonfirst births occur less than 24 months after the preceding birth, with 8 percent occurring less than 18 months after the preceding birth. Forty-three percent of women give birth at least 36 months after the previous birth. The overall median birth interval is 34 months. This means that half of the births in Ethiopia occur close to three years after the previous birth. Data also indicate that birth intervals increase with increasing age of women. Thirty-seven percent of births to women age 15-19 occurred within two years of the previous birth, compared with only 14 percent of births among women age 40 and above. The median birth interval rises from 26 months among women age 15-19 to 38 months among women age 40 and above. Birth intervals do not seem to vary much by birth order, sex of the preceding child, or urban-rural residence. However, the birth interval does vary markedly by the survival status of the preceding birth. Four times as many births occurred within an 18- month interval when the preceding child had died than when it was still alive. The median birth interval is 34 months if the previous child is living, but falls to 28 months if the preceding child is dead. Median birth intervals are shorter in the Somali and Harari regions and relatively longer in Addis Ababa and in the Gambela Region. The level of education of mothers does not significantly affect the length of the birth interval. Fertility* 43
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Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
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Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
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CONTENTS Page Tables and Figures ..
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CHAPTER 8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALIT
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TABLES AND FIGURES Page CHAPTER 1 I
Page 11 and 12:
Table 5.22 Women’s approval of fa
Page 13 and 14: Page CHAPTER 11 INFANT FEEDING AND
Page 15: FOREWORD The 2000 Ethiopia Demograp
Page 19 and 20: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The 2000 Ethiop
Page 21 and 22: Twelve percent of children are full
Page 23 and 24: WOMEN’S STATUS The DHS data shed
Page 25 and 26: The majority of the population live
Page 27 and 28: Table 1.2 Results of the household
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.1 Household population by a
Page 31 and 32: Table 2.3 Children’s living arran
Page 33 and 34: An investigation of the changes in
Page 35 and 36: The age-specific attendance rates (
Page 37 and 38: ural than in urban households. The
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.11 Utilization and source o
Page 41 and 42: Table 3.1 Background characteristic
Page 43 and 44: Table 3.3 Educational attainment by
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.4 Literacy Percent distribu
Page 47 and 48: 3.5 EMPLOYMENT Respondents were ask
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.6.2 Employment: men Percent
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.7.2 Occupation: men Percent
Page 53 and 54: Employment is assumed to go hand in
Page 55 and 56: Table 3.10 Women's agreement with r
Page 57 and 58: primary education. There is substan
Page 59 and 60: FERTILITY 4 Fertility is the most i
Page 61 and 62: 4.2 FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS Table 4
Page 63: 4.4 CHILDREN EVER BORN AND LIVING T
Page 67 and 68: Table 4.7 Age at first birth Percen
Page 69 and 70: FERTILITY REGULATION 5 Information
Page 71 and 72: Table 5.2 Couples’ knowledge of c
Page 73 and 74: Table 5.4 Ever use of contraception
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
Page 77 and 78: Table 5.6.1 Current use of contrace
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.6.2 Current use of contrace
Page 81 and 82: “Prudence” is used by 13 percen
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.12 Number of children at fi
Page 85 and 86: 5.10 INTENTION TO USE FAMILY PLANNI
Page 87 and 88: The majority (46 percent) of women
Page 89 and 90: Education of respondents is closely
Page 91 and 92: To get an insight into the level of
Page 93 and 94: When there is a perceived disagreem
Page 95 and 96: OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FER
Page 97 and 98: 6.2 POLYGYNY The extent of polygyny
Page 99 and 100: Table 6.3 Age at first marriage Per
Page 101 and 102: Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
Page 103 and 104: Table 6.7 Recent sexual activity: w
Page 105 and 106: ut had had sex before (Table 6.8).
Page 107 and 108: FERTILITY PREFERENCE 7 Due to vario
Page 109 and 110: Figure 7.2 Desire to Limit Childbea
Page 111 and 112: Table 7.4 Desire to limit childbear
Page 113 and 114: Table 7.5 Need for family planning
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Table 7.6 also shows that the ideal
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Table 7.9 shows wanted fertility ra
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and deaths affects mortality estima
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8.3 SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS IN
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8.4 DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIALS IN MO
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at any time during the five years b
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Table 8.5 High-risk fertility behav
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siblings with missing information f
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Table 9.2 Direct estimates of mater
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Table 10.1 Antenatal care Percent d
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Table 10.3 Antenatal care content P
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Affar Region. Education of the moth
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Table 10.6 Place of delivery Percen
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irths to women with no education. N
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Table 10.9 Postnatal care by backgr
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10.10 EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT In some
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Table 10.12 Perceived problem in ac
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Figure 10.2 Vaccination Coverage Am
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Table 10.15 Vaccinations in first y
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Only 16 percent of all children und
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Very few children with fever are ta
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10.17 PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA Diarrh
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Table 10.23 Diarrhea treatment Amon
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INFANT FEEDING AND CHILDHOOD AND MA
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Information on supplementation was
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The median and mean duration of bre
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Table 11.5 Frequency of foods consu
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Table 11.7 Iodized salt Percent dis
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A mother’s nutritional status dur
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e related to age and that weight be
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Chronic malnutrition among Ethiopia
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of 140 to 150 centimeters. The BMI,
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Table 12.1 Knowledge of AIDS Percen
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Table 12.2.2 Source of information
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Table 12.4.1 Knowledge of programma
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Table 12.5 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS-re
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or partner than others. Discussion
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Tables 12.9.1 and 12.9.2 show the k
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Table 12.10 Self-reporting of sexua
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Table 12.12 Number of sexual partne
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Sexual intercourse with noncohabiti
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REFERENCES Boerma, J. Ties. 1988. M
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A.4 SAMPLING FRAME The Ethiopia DHS
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The Men’s Questionnaire collected
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Table A.1.1 Sample implementation:
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS APPEND
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In general, the relative standard e
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Table B.2 Sampling errors: National
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Table B.4 Sampling errors: Rural sa
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Table C.2 Age distribution of eligi
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Table C.5 Reporting of age at death
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Table C.8 Indicators of data qualit
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Statisticians Abay Getachew Amanuel
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Female Interviewers (contd.) Rahel
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE Now we would lik
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CURRENT SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IF AGE 5-
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PARENTAL SURVIVORSHIP AND RESIDENCE
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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CENTRAL STATISTICAL AUTHORITY ETHIO
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211 Now I would like to record the
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LAST BIRTH NAME ___________________
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427 Was (NAME) delivered by caesari
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442 Are you still breastfeeding (NA
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION AND HEALTH
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463 Has (NAME) been ill with a feve
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479 Where did you seek advice or tr
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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Page 268 and 269:
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804 What was the name given to your
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SECTION 9: FEMALE CIRCUMCISION NO.
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SECTION 11. SEXUAL ACTIVITY NO. QUE
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INTERVIEWER’S OBSERVATIONS TO BE
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTION NO. QUESTIO
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SECTION 4. MARRIAGE NO. QUESTIONS A
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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SECTION 7: AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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