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and 83 percent of those with primary education. Furthermore, 88 percent of rural women agree with at least one of the reasons justifying a husband beating his wife, compared with 69 percent among urban women. 3.10 FEMALE CIRCUMCISION Women interviewed in the survey were asked a series of questions on female circumcision in order to obtain information on the practice in Ethiopia and women’s attitudes toward it. Women were asked about both their own experience with circumcision and the experience of their daughters. Table 3.11 Prevalence of female circumcision Percentage of women who have been circumcised and the percentage who support continuation of the practice of female circumcision, by background characteristics, Ethiopia 2000 ___________________________________________________ Percentage Percentage Background of women who support characteristic circumcised practice Number ___________________________________________________ Age 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 70.7 53.4 3,710 78.3 57.0 2,860 81.4 58.5 2,585 86.1 65.2 1,841 83.6 63.6 1,716 85.8 66.3 1,392 86.8 66.7 1,264 As seen in Table 3.11, the practice of female circumcision is widespread in Ethiopia; 80 percent of all women have been circumcised. The prevalence of female circumcision is lower among women living in the Tigray (36 percent) and Gambela (43 percent) regions, while it reaches almost 100 percent in the Somali and Affar regions. Urban-rural residence, education, and work status do not make any notable difference in the practice of female circumcision. The practice is slightly lower among younger women. There is widespread support for female circumcision among Ethiopian women. When asked whether the practice should continue, 60 percent of all women stated that they supported circumcision (Table 3.11). Support for the practice is greatly influenced by residence and level of education. Rural women are twice as likely to support the practice as urban women. Women living in Addis Ababa and in the Tigray and Gambela regions are relatively less likely to support the continuation of the practice. Women with secondary and higher levels of education Residence Urban Rural Region Tigray Affar Amhara Oromiya Somali Benishangul-Gumuz SNNP Gambela Harari Addis Ababa Dire Dawa Education No education Primary Secondary and higher Employment Not employed Employed for cash Employed not for cash Total 79.8 31.0 2,791 79.9 66.1 12,576 35.7 25.3 969 98.6 76.5 178 79.7 60.3 3,820 89.8 69.6 5,937 99.7 77.3 175 73.7 53.8 160 73.5 59.8 3,285 42.9 26.8 40 94.3 51.3 41 79.8 16.2 684 95.1 45.5 79 80.4 67.0 11,551 78.4 48.5 2,425 78.2 18.6 1,391 79.5 59.1 5,630 84.4 56.1 3,852 77.3 62.7 5,885 79.9 59.7 15,367 are also significantly less likely to support the practice (19 percent), compared with women with no education (67 percent), as are women working for cash (56 percent), compared with other women. Women interviewed in the survey who had at least one living daughter were asked questions about the circumcision experience of their daughters. Table 3.12 shows that more than half of the women reported that at least one of their daughters has been circumcised. Older, rural, and lesseducated women are more likely to have at least one circumcised daughter, compared with the other women. Women with secondary education or higher are least likely (26 percent) to have a circumcised daughter, compared with 56 percent among uneducated women and 36 percent among those with Respondent’s Characteristics and Status * 33
primary education. There is substantial variation by region in the percentage of women with at least one circumcised daughter, ranging from 94 percent among women in the Affar Region to 37 percent in the SNNP Region. Surprisingly, women who are not employed are less likely than women who are employed to have at least one circumcised daughter. Table 3.13 presents the distribution of most recently circumcised daughters by age at circumcision. More than half of the daughters were reported by their mothers to have been circumcised before age one. The median age at the time of circumcision is zero years. Table 3.13 Age at circumcision for daughters Percent distribution of most recently circumcised daughters according to age at the time of circumcision, Ethiopia 2000 _____________________________ Percentage Age at of circumcision daughters _____________________________
Page 1 and 2:
Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
Page 3 and 4:
Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS Page Tables and Figures ..
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALIT
Page 9 and 10: TABLES AND FIGURES Page CHAPTER 1 I
Page 11 and 12: Table 5.22 Women’s approval of fa
Page 13 and 14: Page CHAPTER 11 INFANT FEEDING AND
Page 15: FOREWORD The 2000 Ethiopia Demograp
Page 19 and 20: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The 2000 Ethiop
Page 21 and 22: Twelve percent of children are full
Page 23 and 24: WOMEN’S STATUS The DHS data shed
Page 25 and 26: The majority of the population live
Page 27 and 28: Table 1.2 Results of the household
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.1 Household population by a
Page 31 and 32: Table 2.3 Children’s living arran
Page 33 and 34: An investigation of the changes in
Page 35 and 36: The age-specific attendance rates (
Page 37 and 38: ural than in urban households. The
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.11 Utilization and source o
Page 41 and 42: Table 3.1 Background characteristic
Page 43 and 44: Table 3.3 Educational attainment by
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.4 Literacy Percent distribu
Page 47 and 48: 3.5 EMPLOYMENT Respondents were ask
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.6.2 Employment: men Percent
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.7.2 Occupation: men Percent
Page 53 and 54: Employment is assumed to go hand in
Page 55: Table 3.10 Women's agreement with r
Page 59 and 60: FERTILITY 4 Fertility is the most i
Page 61 and 62: 4.2 FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS Table 4
Page 63 and 64: 4.4 CHILDREN EVER BORN AND LIVING T
Page 65 and 66: Comparison of these results with th
Page 67 and 68: Table 4.7 Age at first birth Percen
Page 69 and 70: FERTILITY REGULATION 5 Information
Page 71 and 72: Table 5.2 Couples’ knowledge of c
Page 73 and 74: Table 5.4 Ever use of contraception
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
Page 77 and 78: Table 5.6.1 Current use of contrace
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.6.2 Current use of contrace
Page 81 and 82: “Prudence” is used by 13 percen
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.12 Number of children at fi
Page 85 and 86: 5.10 INTENTION TO USE FAMILY PLANNI
Page 87 and 88: The majority (46 percent) of women
Page 89 and 90: Education of respondents is closely
Page 91 and 92: To get an insight into the level of
Page 93 and 94: When there is a perceived disagreem
Page 95 and 96: OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FER
Page 97 and 98: 6.2 POLYGYNY The extent of polygyny
Page 99 and 100: Table 6.3 Age at first marriage Per
Page 101 and 102: Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
Page 103 and 104: Table 6.7 Recent sexual activity: w
Page 105 and 106: ut had had sex before (Table 6.8).
Page 107 and 108:
FERTILITY PREFERENCE 7 Due to vario
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Figure 7.2 Desire to Limit Childbea
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Table 7.4 Desire to limit childbear
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Table 7.5 Need for family planning
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Table 7.6 also shows that the ideal
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Table 7.9 shows wanted fertility ra
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and deaths affects mortality estima
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8.3 SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS IN
Page 123 and 124:
8.4 DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIALS IN MO
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at any time during the five years b
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Table 8.5 High-risk fertility behav
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siblings with missing information f
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Table 9.2 Direct estimates of mater
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Table 10.1 Antenatal care Percent d
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Table 10.3 Antenatal care content P
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Affar Region. Education of the moth
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Table 10.6 Place of delivery Percen
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irths to women with no education. N
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Table 10.9 Postnatal care by backgr
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10.10 EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT In some
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Table 10.12 Perceived problem in ac
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Figure 10.2 Vaccination Coverage Am
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Table 10.15 Vaccinations in first y
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Only 16 percent of all children und
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Very few children with fever are ta
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10.17 PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA Diarrh
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Table 10.23 Diarrhea treatment Amon
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INFANT FEEDING AND CHILDHOOD AND MA
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Information on supplementation was
Page 165 and 166:
The median and mean duration of bre
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Table 11.5 Frequency of foods consu
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Table 11.7 Iodized salt Percent dis
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A mother’s nutritional status dur
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e related to age and that weight be
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Chronic malnutrition among Ethiopia
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of 140 to 150 centimeters. The BMI,
Page 179 and 180:
Table 12.1 Knowledge of AIDS Percen
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Table 12.2.2 Source of information
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Table 12.4.1 Knowledge of programma
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Table 12.5 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS-re
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or partner than others. Discussion
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Tables 12.9.1 and 12.9.2 show the k
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Table 12.10 Self-reporting of sexua
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Table 12.12 Number of sexual partne
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Sexual intercourse with noncohabiti
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REFERENCES Boerma, J. Ties. 1988. M
Page 199 and 200:
A.4 SAMPLING FRAME The Ethiopia DHS
Page 201 and 202:
The Men’s Questionnaire collected
Page 203 and 204:
Table A.1.1 Sample implementation:
Page 205 and 206:
ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS APPEND
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In general, the relative standard e
Page 209 and 210:
Table B.2 Sampling errors: National
Page 211:
Table B.4 Sampling errors: Rural sa
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Table C.2 Age distribution of eligi
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Table C.5 Reporting of age at death
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Table C.8 Indicators of data qualit
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Statisticians Abay Getachew Amanuel
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Female Interviewers (contd.) Rahel
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE Now we would lik
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CURRENT SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IF AGE 5-
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PARENTAL SURVIVORSHIP AND RESIDENCE
Page 230 and 231:
NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
CENTRAL STATISTICAL AUTHORITY ETHIO
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
211 Now I would like to record the
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
LAST BIRTH NAME ___________________
Page 250 and 251:
427 Was (NAME) delivered by caesari
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442 Are you still breastfeeding (NA
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION AND HEALTH
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463 Has (NAME) been ill with a feve
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479 Where did you seek advice or tr
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
804 What was the name given to your
Page 272 and 273:
SECTION 9: FEMALE CIRCUMCISION NO.
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
SECTION 11. SEXUAL ACTIVITY NO. QUE
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INTERVIEWER’S OBSERVATIONS TO BE
Page 280 and 281:
SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTION NO. QUESTIO
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
SECTION 4. MARRIAGE NO. QUESTIONS A
Page 288 and 289:
SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
SECTION 7: AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
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