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RESPONDENT’S CHARACTERISTICS AND STATUS 3 The objective of this chapter is to provide a demographic and socioeconomic profile of the 2000 Ethiopia <strong>DHS</strong> sample. Information on the basic characteristics of women and men interviewed in the survey is essential for the interpretation of findings presented later in the report and can provide an approximate indication of the representativeness of the survey. 3.1 BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS The distribution of women age 15-49 and men age 15-59 by background characteristics including age, marital status, place of residence, region, educational level, and religion is shown in Table 3.1. Relatively high proportions of women are in the younger age groups, with three-fifths under age 30. The proportion of women and men declines with age. This is true for men as well, with the proportion of men declining after age 44. Despite the older average age of males interviewed, a larger percentage of male respondents (40 percent) reported never having been married, compared with female respondents (24 percent). The majority of respondents (more than 80 percent) live in the rural areas. Two in five respondents live in the Oromiya Region, one in four in the Amhara Region, and one in five in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples (SNNP) Region. Men are more educated than women. Three in four women and one in two men have never been to school. Sixteen percent of women and 33 percent of men had attended only primary education, and 9 percent of women and 15 percent of men had at least some secondary education or higher. Due to small numbers, respondents with higher education are grouped together with those who had secondary education, and the education category is reclassified into "secondary and higher" in subsequent tables in this report. In terms of religious affiliation, one in two women and men are Orthodox, nearly one in three are Muslim, and 16 percent are Protestant. Thirty-five percent of women and 37 percent of men are Oromos, 32 percent of women and 30 percent of men are Amharas, 7 percent of women and 6 percent of men are Tigraway, and 5 percent of women and 4 percent of men are Guragies. The fact that the Ethiopia <strong>DHS</strong> interviewed both women and men in some selected households allows the unique opportunity to study couples’ attitudes and behaviors regarding fertility and family planning. The survey gathered data from 1,355 couples, and some basic characteristics of spouses are shown in Table 3.2. The wife is 5 to 9 years younger than her husband among more than 2 in 5 couples, while the wife is 0 to 4 years or 10 to14 years younger among 1 in 5 couples. Among 11 percent of the couples the wife is 15 or more years younger than her husband. The mean age difference between a husband and his wife is eight years. However, the mean age difference between a husband and his second wife (in cases where the husband is in a polygynous union) is nearly 14 years. In a majority of the cases (57 percent), neither the husband nor his wife are educated. Three percent of wives are more educated than their husbands, while one in four husbands are more educated than their wives. In 16 percent of the cases, both husband and wife are equally educated. Respondent’s Characteristics and Status * 17
Table 3.1 Background characteristics of respondents Percent distribution of women and men by background characteristics, Ethiopia 2000 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Number of women Number of men __________________ __________________ Background Weighted Un- Weighted Uncharacteristic percent Weighted weighted percent Weighted weighted ______________________________________________________________________________________ Age 15-19 24.1 3,710 3,584 23.0 600 571 20-24 18.6 2,860 2,844 15.6 408 419 25-29 16.8 2,585 2,716 13.2 343 367 30-34 12.0 1,841 1,902 10.6 276 278 35-39 11.2 1,716 1,762 11.7 304 301 40-44 9.1 1,392 1,324 7.0 182 217 45-49 8.2 1,264 1,235 7.9 207 183 50-54 NA NA NA 5.4 142 132 55-59 NA NA NA 5.6 146 139 Marital status Never married Married Living together Divorced/separated Widowed Residence Urban Rural Region Tigray Affar Amhara Oromiya Somali Benishangul-Gumuz SNNP Gambela Harari Addis Ababa Dire Dawa Education No education Primary Secondary Higher Religion Orthodox Catholic Protestant Muslim Other Ethnic group Affar Amhara Guragie Oromo Sidamo Somali Tigraway Welaita Other 24.0 3,688 3,979 39.9 1,040 1,056 62.8 9,653 9,203 55.7 1,452 1,405 0.9 136 177 0.3 8 28 8.7 1,344 1,351 3.6 93 90 3.6 546 657 0.5 14 28 18.2 2,791 4,543 14.5 379 680 81.8 12,576 10,824 85.5 2,228 1,927 6.3 969 1,306 5.2 136 183 1.2 178 858 1.3 34 154 24.9 3,820 1,909 24.1 630 321 38.6 5,937 2,578 40.4 1,054 474 1.1 175 844 1.4 36 168 1.0 160 992 1.2 31 196 21.4 3,285 2,028 21.7 566 356 0.3 40 876 0.3 7 153 0.3 41 908 0.3 7 148 4.5 684 2,015 3.6 95 292 0.5 79 1,053 0.5 12 162 75.2 11,551 10,586 52.1 1,358 1,270 15.8 2,425 2,530 33.0 860 770 8.5 1,304 2,092 12.8 333 483 0.6 87 159 2.1 56 84 50.5 7,763 7,280 49.7 1,296 1,198 1.1 175 133 0.4 11 19 15.8 2,432 2,099 15.7 410 332 29.0 4,456 5,371 30.9 806 968 3.5 540 484 3.1 85 90 0.8 117 585 1.0 27 105 31.8 4,886 4,431 30.1 785 692 5.4 836 862 4.3 111 140 34.6 5,315 4,161 37.0 965 759 3.9 592 355 3.7 97 62 1.2 182 785 1.7 45 154 6.7 1,032 1,483 5.5 143 209 2.2 340 230 1.9 50 39 13.5 2,067 2,475 14.7 383 447 Total 100.0 15,367 15,367 100.0 2,607 2,607 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Note: Education refers to the highest level ever attended whether or not that level was completed. NA = Not applicable 18 * Respondent’s Characteristics and Status
Page 1 and 2: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
Page 3 and 4: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS Page Tables and Figures ..
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALIT
Page 9 and 10: TABLES AND FIGURES Page CHAPTER 1 I
Page 11 and 12: Table 5.22 Women’s approval of fa
Page 13 and 14: Page CHAPTER 11 INFANT FEEDING AND
Page 15: FOREWORD The 2000 Ethiopia Demograp
Page 19 and 20: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The 2000 Ethiop
Page 21 and 22: Twelve percent of children are full
Page 23 and 24: WOMEN’S STATUS The DHS data shed
Page 25 and 26: The majority of the population live
Page 27 and 28: Table 1.2 Results of the household
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.1 Household population by a
Page 31 and 32: Table 2.3 Children’s living arran
Page 33 and 34: An investigation of the changes in
Page 35 and 36: The age-specific attendance rates (
Page 37 and 38: ural than in urban households. The
Page 39: Table 2.11 Utilization and source o
Page 43 and 44: Table 3.3 Educational attainment by
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.4 Literacy Percent distribu
Page 47 and 48: 3.5 EMPLOYMENT Respondents were ask
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.6.2 Employment: men Percent
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.7.2 Occupation: men Percent
Page 53 and 54: Employment is assumed to go hand in
Page 55 and 56: Table 3.10 Women's agreement with r
Page 57 and 58: primary education. There is substan
Page 59 and 60: FERTILITY 4 Fertility is the most i
Page 61 and 62: 4.2 FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS Table 4
Page 63 and 64: 4.4 CHILDREN EVER BORN AND LIVING T
Page 65 and 66: Comparison of these results with th
Page 67 and 68: Table 4.7 Age at first birth Percen
Page 69 and 70: FERTILITY REGULATION 5 Information
Page 71 and 72: Table 5.2 Couples’ knowledge of c
Page 73 and 74: Table 5.4 Ever use of contraception
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
Page 77 and 78: Table 5.6.1 Current use of contrace
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.6.2 Current use of contrace
Page 81 and 82: “Prudence” is used by 13 percen
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.12 Number of children at fi
Page 85 and 86: 5.10 INTENTION TO USE FAMILY PLANNI
Page 87 and 88: The majority (46 percent) of women
Page 89 and 90: Education of respondents is closely
Page 91 and 92:
To get an insight into the level of
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When there is a perceived disagreem
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OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FER
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6.2 POLYGYNY The extent of polygyny
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Table 6.3 Age at first marriage Per
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Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
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Table 6.7 Recent sexual activity: w
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ut had had sex before (Table 6.8).
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FERTILITY PREFERENCE 7 Due to vario
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Figure 7.2 Desire to Limit Childbea
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Table 7.4 Desire to limit childbear
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Table 7.5 Need for family planning
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Table 7.6 also shows that the ideal
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Table 7.9 shows wanted fertility ra
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and deaths affects mortality estima
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8.3 SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS IN
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8.4 DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIALS IN MO
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at any time during the five years b
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Table 8.5 High-risk fertility behav
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siblings with missing information f
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Table 9.2 Direct estimates of mater
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Table 10.1 Antenatal care Percent d
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Table 10.3 Antenatal care content P
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Affar Region. Education of the moth
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Table 10.6 Place of delivery Percen
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irths to women with no education. N
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Table 10.9 Postnatal care by backgr
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10.10 EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT In some
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Table 10.12 Perceived problem in ac
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Figure 10.2 Vaccination Coverage Am
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Table 10.15 Vaccinations in first y
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Only 16 percent of all children und
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Very few children with fever are ta
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10.17 PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA Diarrh
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Table 10.23 Diarrhea treatment Amon
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INFANT FEEDING AND CHILDHOOD AND MA
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Information on supplementation was
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The median and mean duration of bre
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Table 11.5 Frequency of foods consu
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Table 11.7 Iodized salt Percent dis
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A mother’s nutritional status dur
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e related to age and that weight be
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Chronic malnutrition among Ethiopia
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of 140 to 150 centimeters. The BMI,
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Table 12.1 Knowledge of AIDS Percen
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Table 12.2.2 Source of information
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Table 12.4.1 Knowledge of programma
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Table 12.5 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS-re
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or partner than others. Discussion
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Tables 12.9.1 and 12.9.2 show the k
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Table 12.10 Self-reporting of sexua
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Table 12.12 Number of sexual partne
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Sexual intercourse with noncohabiti
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REFERENCES Boerma, J. Ties. 1988. M
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A.4 SAMPLING FRAME The Ethiopia DHS
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The Men’s Questionnaire collected
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Table A.1.1 Sample implementation:
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS APPEND
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In general, the relative standard e
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Table B.2 Sampling errors: National
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Table B.4 Sampling errors: Rural sa
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Table C.2 Age distribution of eligi
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Table C.5 Reporting of age at death
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Table C.8 Indicators of data qualit
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Statisticians Abay Getachew Amanuel
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Female Interviewers (contd.) Rahel
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE Now we would lik
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CURRENT SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IF AGE 5-
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PARENTAL SURVIVORSHIP AND RESIDENCE
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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CENTRAL STATISTICAL AUTHORITY ETHIO
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211 Now I would like to record the
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LAST BIRTH NAME ___________________
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427 Was (NAME) delivered by caesari
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442 Are you still breastfeeding (NA
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION AND HEALTH
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463 Has (NAME) been ill with a feve
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479 Where did you seek advice or tr
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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804 What was the name given to your
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SECTION 9: FEMALE CIRCUMCISION NO.
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SECTION 11. SEXUAL ACTIVITY NO. QUE
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INTERVIEWER’S OBSERVATIONS TO BE
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTION NO. QUESTIO
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SECTION 4. MARRIAGE NO. QUESTIONS A
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
SECTION 7: AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
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