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Table 2.5 School attendance ratios Net attendance ratios (NAR) and gross attendance ratios (GAR) for the de jure household population by level of schooling and sex, according to background characteristics, Ethiopia 2000 ________________________________________________________________________________________ Net attendance ratio (NAR) 1 Gross attendance ratio (GAR) 2 Background ____________________________ ___________________________ characteristic Male Female Total Male Female Total ________________________________________________________________________________________ PRIMARY SCHOOL ________________________________________________________________________________________ Residence Urban Rural 75.4 72.6 74.0 115.6 109.9 112.6 27.4 20.9 24.3 63.7 40.0 52.2 Region Tigray Affar Amhara Oromiya Somali Benishangul-Gumuz SNNP Gambela Harari Addis Ababa Dire Dawa 28.5 35.0 31.6 59.7 60.4 60.0 22.4 19.9 21.2 36.1 28.9 32.6 30.3 32.8 31.5 53.0 49.0 51.1 30.8 24.3 27.6 75.8 47.1 61.7 11.8 14.0 12.9 24.0 23.1 23.6 41.1 27.5 34.0 86.5 54.9 70.0 36.6 19.5 28.0 82.2 43.1 62.6 67.8 47.6 58.0 135.6 94.5 115.6 66.4 58.7 62.7 108.9 81.7 95.8 80.9 73.1 76.7 115.8 108.2 111.7 57.8 46.8 52.0 92.5 72.9 82.2 Total 32.8 27.5 30.2 69.5 48.9 59.5 ________________________________________________________________________________________ SECONDARY SCHOOL ________________________________________________________________________________________ Residence Urban Rural 56.2 44.9 50.2 80.3 62.4 70.7 4.2 1.6 3.0 8.0 2.8 5.6 Region Tigray Affar Amhara Oromiya Somali Benishangul-Gumuz SNNP Gambela Harari Addis Ababa Dire Dawa 18.8 12.4 15.8 29.3 18.8 24.4 8.9 7.5 8.1 11.8 9.7 10.7 11.3 7.9 9.7 14.7 11.7 13.3 10.9 8.9 9.9 16.9 11.3 14.3 6.3 1.9 4.2 9.2 1.9 5.8 10.5 5.8 8.1 16.3 7.6 11.9 8.3 7.6 8.0 18.8 12.3 15.7 24.3 13.7 19.4 39.5 20.7 31.0 36.4 22.6 29.9 51.1 38.8 45.3 57.3 47.3 51.5 79.4 68.5 73.1 38.0 28.4 32.8 56.1 44.0 49.6 Total 12.5 10.4 11.5 19.6 14.9 17.3 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 The NAR for primary school is the percentage of the primary-school-age (7-12 years) population that is attending primary school. The NAR for secondary school is the percentage of the secondary-school-age (13-18 years) population that is attending secondary school. By definition the NAR cannot exceed 100%. 2 The GAR for primary school is the total number of primary school students, among those of any age, expressed as the percentage of the official primary-school-age population. The GAR for secondary school is the total number of secondary school students 5-24 years, expressed as the percentage of the official secondary-school-age population. If there are significant numbers of overage and underage students at a given level of schooling, the GAR can exceed 100%. Household Population and Characteristics * 11
The age-specific attendance rates (ASARs) for the population age 5 and over by sex are shown in Figure 2.2. The ASAR indicates participation in schooling at any level, from primary to higher levels of education. Although the minimum age for schooling in Ethiopia is 7, there are some children enrolled prior to this age. Nevertheless, only 15 percent of children age 7 are attending school, indicating that a large majority of children in Ethiopia at that age have not entered the school system. There is little difference in the proportion of males and females attending school up to age 10, after which a significantly higher proportion of males than females attends school. Figure 2.2 Age-Specific Attendance Rates (Percentage of the De Facto Household Population Age 5-24 Years Attending School, by Age and Sex) 60 Percent 50 40 30 20 10 0 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Age Male Female Ethiopia <strong>DHS</strong> 2000 2.4 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS The physical characteristics of households are important in assessing the general socioeconomic condition of the population. In the Ethiopia <strong>DHS</strong> respondents to the household questionnaire were asked about access to electricity, source of drinking water and time taken to the nearest source, type of toilet facility, main material of floors, and number of rooms used for sleeping. The results are presented in Table 2.6. Thirteen percent of households have electricity, but this varies widely by place of residence. Less than 1 percent of households in rural areas have access to electricity, compared with three-fourths of urban households. Eighteen percent of households have access to piped drinking water, 40 percent of households fetch water from open springs, 27 percent get their drinking water from rivers, and 8 percent of households have access to a protected well or spring. Urban households are much more likely than rural households to have access to a protected source of drinking water. For example, 81 percent of urban households have access to piped water, compared with only 5 percent of rural households. The proportion of households with access to piped water has increased from about 14 percent in 1994 (CSA, 1999) to 18 percent in 2000. Households that did not have drinking water within their own compound were also asked for the time taken to fetch water. Twenty-six percent of all households (53 percent 12 * Household Population and Characteristics
Page 1 and 2: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
Page 3 and 4: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS Page Tables and Figures ..
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALIT
Page 9 and 10: TABLES AND FIGURES Page CHAPTER 1 I
Page 11 and 12: Table 5.22 Women’s approval of fa
Page 13 and 14: Page CHAPTER 11 INFANT FEEDING AND
Page 15: FOREWORD The 2000 Ethiopia Demograp
Page 19 and 20: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The 2000 Ethiop
Page 21 and 22: Twelve percent of children are full
Page 23 and 24: WOMEN’S STATUS The DHS data shed
Page 25 and 26: The majority of the population live
Page 27 and 28: Table 1.2 Results of the household
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.1 Household population by a
Page 31 and 32: Table 2.3 Children’s living arran
Page 33: An investigation of the changes in
Page 37 and 38: ural than in urban households. The
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.11 Utilization and source o
Page 41 and 42: Table 3.1 Background characteristic
Page 43 and 44: Table 3.3 Educational attainment by
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.4 Literacy Percent distribu
Page 47 and 48: 3.5 EMPLOYMENT Respondents were ask
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.6.2 Employment: men Percent
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.7.2 Occupation: men Percent
Page 53 and 54: Employment is assumed to go hand in
Page 55 and 56: Table 3.10 Women's agreement with r
Page 57 and 58: primary education. There is substan
Page 59 and 60: FERTILITY 4 Fertility is the most i
Page 61 and 62: 4.2 FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS Table 4
Page 63 and 64: 4.4 CHILDREN EVER BORN AND LIVING T
Page 65 and 66: Comparison of these results with th
Page 67 and 68: Table 4.7 Age at first birth Percen
Page 69 and 70: FERTILITY REGULATION 5 Information
Page 71 and 72: Table 5.2 Couples’ knowledge of c
Page 73 and 74: Table 5.4 Ever use of contraception
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
Page 77 and 78: Table 5.6.1 Current use of contrace
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.6.2 Current use of contrace
Page 81 and 82: “Prudence” is used by 13 percen
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.12 Number of children at fi
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5.10 INTENTION TO USE FAMILY PLANNI
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The majority (46 percent) of women
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Education of respondents is closely
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To get an insight into the level of
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When there is a perceived disagreem
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OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FER
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6.2 POLYGYNY The extent of polygyny
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Table 6.3 Age at first marriage Per
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Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
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Table 6.7 Recent sexual activity: w
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ut had had sex before (Table 6.8).
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FERTILITY PREFERENCE 7 Due to vario
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Figure 7.2 Desire to Limit Childbea
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Table 7.4 Desire to limit childbear
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Table 7.5 Need for family planning
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Table 7.6 also shows that the ideal
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Table 7.9 shows wanted fertility ra
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and deaths affects mortality estima
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8.3 SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS IN
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8.4 DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIALS IN MO
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at any time during the five years b
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Table 8.5 High-risk fertility behav
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siblings with missing information f
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Table 9.2 Direct estimates of mater
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Table 10.1 Antenatal care Percent d
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Table 10.3 Antenatal care content P
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Affar Region. Education of the moth
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Table 10.6 Place of delivery Percen
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irths to women with no education. N
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Table 10.9 Postnatal care by backgr
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10.10 EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT In some
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Table 10.12 Perceived problem in ac
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Figure 10.2 Vaccination Coverage Am
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Table 10.15 Vaccinations in first y
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Only 16 percent of all children und
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Very few children with fever are ta
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10.17 PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA Diarrh
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Table 10.23 Diarrhea treatment Amon
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INFANT FEEDING AND CHILDHOOD AND MA
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Information on supplementation was
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The median and mean duration of bre
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Table 11.5 Frequency of foods consu
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Table 11.7 Iodized salt Percent dis
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A mother’s nutritional status dur
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e related to age and that weight be
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Chronic malnutrition among Ethiopia
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of 140 to 150 centimeters. The BMI,
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Table 12.1 Knowledge of AIDS Percen
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Table 12.2.2 Source of information
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Table 12.4.1 Knowledge of programma
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Table 12.5 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS-re
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or partner than others. Discussion
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Tables 12.9.1 and 12.9.2 show the k
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Table 12.10 Self-reporting of sexua
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Table 12.12 Number of sexual partne
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Sexual intercourse with noncohabiti
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REFERENCES Boerma, J. Ties. 1988. M
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A.4 SAMPLING FRAME The Ethiopia DHS
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The Men’s Questionnaire collected
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Table A.1.1 Sample implementation:
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS APPEND
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In general, the relative standard e
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Table B.2 Sampling errors: National
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Table B.4 Sampling errors: Rural sa
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Table C.2 Age distribution of eligi
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Table C.5 Reporting of age at death
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Table C.8 Indicators of data qualit
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Statisticians Abay Getachew Amanuel
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Female Interviewers (contd.) Rahel
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE Now we would lik
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CURRENT SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IF AGE 5-
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PARENTAL SURVIVORSHIP AND RESIDENCE
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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CENTRAL STATISTICAL AUTHORITY ETHIO
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211 Now I would like to record the
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LAST BIRTH NAME ___________________
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427 Was (NAME) delivered by caesari
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442 Are you still breastfeeding (NA
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION AND HEALTH
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463 Has (NAME) been ill with a feve
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479 Where did you seek advice or tr
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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804 What was the name given to your
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SECTION 9: FEMALE CIRCUMCISION NO.
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SECTION 11. SEXUAL ACTIVITY NO. QUE
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INTERVIEWER’S OBSERVATIONS TO BE
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTION NO. QUESTIO
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SECTION 4. MARRIAGE NO. QUESTIONS A
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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SECTION 7: AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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