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A complete household listing operation was carried out in each selected EA, and a sample take
of 27 households was chosen in each selected EA. The formula for the second stage is given as:
P 2ij = 27 / L i
where
27 is the sample take of households in each selected EA
L i
is the total number of households in EA i th listed in 1999.
The overall household selection probability, f ij, is given as the product of the previous two probabilities,
that is,
f ij
= P 1i * P 2ij
A.7 QUESTIONNAIRES
The Ethiopia DHS used three questionnaires: the Household Questionnaire, the Women’s
Questionnaire, and the Men’s Questionnaire, which were based on model survey instruments developed
for the international MEASURE DHS+ project. The questionnaires were specifically geared toward
obtaining the kind of information needed by health and family planning program managers and
policymakers. The model questionnaires were then adapted to local conditions and a number of
additional questions specific to on-going health and family planning programs in Ethiopia were added.
These questionnaires were developed in the English language and translated into the five principal
languages in use in the country: Amarigna, Oromigna, Tigrigna, Somaligna, and Afarigna. They were
then independently translated back to English and appropriate changes were made in the translation of
questions in which the back-translated version did not compare well with the original English version.
A pretest of all three questionnaires was conducted in the five local languages in November 1999.
All usual members in a selected household and visitors who stayed there the previous night were
enumerated using the Household Questionnaire. Specifically, the Household Questionnaire obtained
information on the relationship to the head of the household, residence, sex, age, marital status, parental
survivorship, and education of each usual resident or visitor. This information was used to identify
women and men who were eligible for the individual interview. Women age 15-49 in all selected
households and all men age 15-59 in every fifth selected household, whether usual residents or visitors,
were deemed eligible, and were interviewed. The Household Questionnaire also obtained information
on some basic socioeconomic indicators such as the number of rooms, the flooring material, the source
of water, the type of toilet facilities, and the ownership of a variety of durable items. Information was
also obtained on the use of impregnated bednets, and the salt used in each household was tested for its
iodine content. All eligible women and all children born since Meskerem 1987 in the Ethiopian
Calendar, which roughly corresponds to September 1994 in the Gregorian Calendar, were weighed and
measured.
The Women’s Questionnaire collected information on female respondent’s background
characteristics, reproductive history, contraceptive knowledge and use, antenatal, delivery and postnatal
care, infant feeding practices, child immunization and health, marriage, fertility preferences, and
attitudes about family planning, husband’s background characteristics and women’s work, knowledge
of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Appendix A* 183