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Table 11.1 Initial breastfeeding
Percentage of children born in the five years preceding the survey who were ever breastfed, and among children
ever breastfed the percentage who started breastfeeding within one hour and within one day of birth, and who did
not receive the first milk, by background characteristics, Ethiopia 2000
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Percentage who started
breastfeeding:
Number
_____________________
Percentage of
Percentage Number Within Within who did not children
Background ever of all 1 hour 1 day receive the ever
characteristic breastfed children of birth of birth 1 first milk breastfed
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Sex
Male
Female
95.9 6,288 51.9 75.5 58.6 6,029
96.8 5,970 51.7 75.3 56.4 5,778
Residence
Urban
Rural
Region
Tigray
Affar
Amhara
Oromiya
Somali
Benishangul-Gumuz
SNNP
Gambela
Harari
Addis Ababa
Dire Dawa
Mother's education
No education
Primary
Secondary and higher
Assistance at delivery
Health professional
Trained traditional
birth attendant
Untrained traditional
birth attendant
Other
No one
Place of delivery
Health facility
Home
95.9 1,277 47.1 69.2 64.4 1,224
96.4 10,981 52.3 76.1 56.7 10,583
96.3 788 31.4 57.6 42.3 759
96.0 126 32.7 77.8 45.6 121
96.7 3,202 32.0 50.8 58.2 3,096
95.9 4,997 62.9 84.1 58.4 4,791
95.1 142 55.2 71.3 28.7 135
96.1 124 53.2 70.0 65.5 119
96.8 2,602 61.5 94.2 61.0 2,518
96.9 29 48.9 66.4 53.4 28
97.6 25 65.0 85.8 30.2 25
96.5 182 54.5 82.5 70.3 176
97.5 40 47.9 84.9 45.8 39
96.4 10,060 52.2 75.1 55.5 9,697
95.9 1,597 51.3 78.3 65.2 1,531
96.3 601 45.4 72.5 71.8 579
96.1 693 42.5 71.1 63.2 666
97.6 508 51.8 81.0 62.1 496
96.1 3,230 46.5 71.3 50.8 3,105
96.4 7,117 54.5 76.4 59.9 6,862
95.5 700 57.9 84.6 56.3 668
96.0 615 43.8 71.8 62.2 590
96.3 11,625 52.3 75.6 57.3 11,199
Total
96.3 12,258 51.8 75.4 57.5 11,807
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Note: Total includes 10 children for whom information on assistance at delivery is missing and 4 children for whom
information on place of delivery is missing.
1 Includes children who started breastfeeding within one hour of birth.
11.2 BREASTFEEDING STATUS BY AGE
Children who received only breast milk in the 24 hours before the survey are defined as being
exclusively breastfed, and children who are fully breastfed received only plain water in addition to breast
milk. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first four to six months of a child’s life because
breast milk is uncontaminated and contains all the nutrients necessary for children in the first few
months of life. In addition, the mother’s antibodies in breast milk provide immunity to disease. Early
supplementation is discouraged for several reasons. First, it exposes infants to pathogens and increases
their risk of infection, especially diarrheal disease. Second, it decreases infants’ intake of breast milk and
therefore suckling, which reduces breast milk production. Third, in a harsh socioeconomic environment,
supplementary food is often nutritionally inferior.
142 * Infant Feeding and Childhood and Maternal Nutrition