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egion. Nearly all mothers in Dire Dawa (98 percent) and the Harari Region (97 percent) know about ORS packets, compared with slightly more than one in two mothers in the Amhara Region. Surprisingly, knowledge of ORS packets is somewhat lower in Addis Ababa (90 percent). There are pronounced differences in the knowledge of ORS packets by educational level of mothers; 96 percent of mothers with secondary and higher education know about ORS packets, compared with 62 percent of mothers with no education. 10.19 DIARRHEA TREATMENT Table 10.23 presents the percentage of children with diarrhea who received specific treatments according to background characteristics. Only 13 percent of children with diarrhea in the two weeks prior to the survey were taken to a health provider. There is little variation by age or sex of the child in the percentage of children with diarrhea taken to a health provider. First births are more likely to be taken to a health facility than children of higher birth order. Notable differences also exist by place of residence. The proportion of children taken to a health facility in urban areas (43 percent) is four times higher than in rural areas (11 percent). Similarly, children of mothers with secondary and higher education (31 percent) are about three times more likely to be taken to a health provider than children of mothers with no education (12 percent). Forty-five percent of children with diarrhea were treated with some kind of oral rehydration therapy: 13 percent were treated with ORS prepared from an ORS packet, 9 percent were given recommended home fluids prepared at home, 19 percent Table 10.22 Knowledge of ORS packets Percentage of mothers with births in the five years preceding the survey who know about ORS packets for treatment of diarrhea, by background characteristics, Ethiopia 2000 _____________________________________________ Percentage of mothers who Background know about characteristic ORS packets Number _____________________________________________ Age 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-49 Residence Urban Rural Region Tigray Affar Amhara Oromiya Somali Benishangul-Gumuz SNNP Gambela Harari Addis Ababa Dire Dawa Mother's education No education Primary Secondary and higher 55.1 472 59.8 1,727 68.3 2,028 68.6 1,496 68.7 2,255 90.9 908 62.6 7,070 86.2 536 77.0 85 54.2 2,224 68.2 3,059 82.8 85 57.3 81 66.4 1,695 81.9 22 96.5 16 90.2 148 98.4 27 61.5 6,550 81.5 1,003 96.4 425 Total 65.8 7,978 _____________________________________________ ORS = Oral rehydration salts received ORS or RHF, and 35 percent were given increased fluids. Twenty-six percent of children were given a pill or syrup, 9 percent were given other home remedies, and 1 percent were given an injection. However, a large proportion (39 percent) of children with diarrhea did not receive any type of treatment at all. Diarrhea treatment does not vary significantly with age. Children of birth order one received ORS or RHF much more than children of higher birth order. Large variations also exist between urban and rural areas. Children in urban areas (59 percent) are four times more likely to receive ORS or RHF than children in rural areas, as are children who live in the Somali Region (63 percent) and Addis Ababa (61 percent), compared with children in the Amhara Region (13 percent). Children of educated mothers are also more likely to receive ORS or RHF than children of less-educated mothers. Maternal and Child Health * 137
Table 10.23 Diarrhea treatment Among children under five years who had diarrhea in the two weeks preceding the survey, the percentage taken for treatment to a health provider, the percentage who received oral rehydration therapy (ORT) (solution prepared from ORS packets, recommended home fluids (RHF), or increased fluids), and the percentage given other treatments, according to background characteristics, Ethiopia 2000 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Oral rehydration therapy ________________________________________ Other treatments ____________________ Percentage Given ORS, taken to RHF Either In- RHF, or Home No Background a health at ORS or creased increased Pill or Injec- remedy/ treatcharacteristic provider 1 ORS home RHF fluids fluids syrup tion other ment Number ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Child's age
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Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
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Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
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CONTENTS Page Tables and Figures ..
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CHAPTER 8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALIT
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TABLES AND FIGURES Page CHAPTER 1 I
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Table 5.22 Women’s approval of fa
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Page CHAPTER 11 INFANT FEEDING AND
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FOREWORD The 2000 Ethiopia Demograp
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The 2000 Ethiop
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Twelve percent of children are full
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WOMEN’S STATUS The DHS data shed
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The majority of the population live
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Table 1.2 Results of the household
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Table 2.1 Household population by a
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Table 2.3 Children’s living arran
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An investigation of the changes in
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The age-specific attendance rates (
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ural than in urban households. The
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Table 2.11 Utilization and source o
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Table 3.1 Background characteristic
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Table 3.3 Educational attainment by
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Table 3.4 Literacy Percent distribu
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3.5 EMPLOYMENT Respondents were ask
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Table 3.6.2 Employment: men Percent
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Table 3.7.2 Occupation: men Percent
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Employment is assumed to go hand in
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Table 3.10 Women's agreement with r
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primary education. There is substan
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FERTILITY 4 Fertility is the most i
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4.2 FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS Table 4
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4.4 CHILDREN EVER BORN AND LIVING T
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Comparison of these results with th
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Table 4.7 Age at first birth Percen
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FERTILITY REGULATION 5 Information
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Table 5.2 Couples’ knowledge of c
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Table 5.4 Ever use of contraception
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Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.6.1 Current use of contrace
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Table 5.6.2 Current use of contrace
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“Prudence” is used by 13 percen
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Table 5.12 Number of children at fi
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5.10 INTENTION TO USE FAMILY PLANNI
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The majority (46 percent) of women
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Education of respondents is closely
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To get an insight into the level of
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When there is a perceived disagreem
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OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FER
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6.2 POLYGYNY The extent of polygyny
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Table 6.3 Age at first marriage Per
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Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
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Table 6.7 Recent sexual activity: w
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ut had had sex before (Table 6.8).
Page 107 and 108: FERTILITY PREFERENCE 7 Due to vario
Page 109 and 110: Figure 7.2 Desire to Limit Childbea
Page 111 and 112: Table 7.4 Desire to limit childbear
Page 113 and 114: Table 7.5 Need for family planning
Page 115 and 116: Table 7.6 also shows that the ideal
Page 117 and 118: Table 7.9 shows wanted fertility ra
Page 119 and 120: and deaths affects mortality estima
Page 121 and 122: 8.3 SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS IN
Page 123 and 124: 8.4 DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIALS IN MO
Page 125 and 126: at any time during the five years b
Page 127 and 128: Table 8.5 High-risk fertility behav
Page 129 and 130: siblings with missing information f
Page 131 and 132: Table 9.2 Direct estimates of mater
Page 133 and 134: Table 10.1 Antenatal care Percent d
Page 135 and 136: Table 10.3 Antenatal care content P
Page 137 and 138: Affar Region. Education of the moth
Page 139 and 140: Table 10.6 Place of delivery Percen
Page 141 and 142: irths to women with no education. N
Page 143 and 144: Table 10.9 Postnatal care by backgr
Page 145 and 146: 10.10 EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT In some
Page 147 and 148: Table 10.12 Perceived problem in ac
Page 149 and 150: Figure 10.2 Vaccination Coverage Am
Page 151 and 152: Table 10.15 Vaccinations in first y
Page 153 and 154: Only 16 percent of all children und
Page 155 and 156: Very few children with fever are ta
Page 157: 10.17 PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA Diarrh
Page 161 and 162: INFANT FEEDING AND CHILDHOOD AND MA
Page 163 and 164: Information on supplementation was
Page 165 and 166: The median and mean duration of bre
Page 167 and 168: Table 11.5 Frequency of foods consu
Page 169 and 170: Table 11.7 Iodized salt Percent dis
Page 171 and 172: A mother’s nutritional status dur
Page 173 and 174: e related to age and that weight be
Page 175 and 176: Chronic malnutrition among Ethiopia
Page 177 and 178: of 140 to 150 centimeters. The BMI,
Page 179 and 180: Table 12.1 Knowledge of AIDS Percen
Page 181 and 182: Table 12.2.2 Source of information
Page 183 and 184: Table 12.4.1 Knowledge of programma
Page 185 and 186: Table 12.5 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS-re
Page 187 and 188: or partner than others. Discussion
Page 189 and 190: Tables 12.9.1 and 12.9.2 show the k
Page 191 and 192: Table 12.10 Self-reporting of sexua
Page 193 and 194: Table 12.12 Number of sexual partne
Page 195 and 196: Sexual intercourse with noncohabiti
Page 197 and 198: REFERENCES Boerma, J. Ties. 1988. M
Page 199 and 200: A.4 SAMPLING FRAME The Ethiopia DHS
Page 201 and 202: The Men’s Questionnaire collected
Page 203 and 204: Table A.1.1 Sample implementation:
Page 205 and 206: ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS APPEND
Page 207 and 208: In general, the relative standard e
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Table B.2 Sampling errors: National
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Table B.4 Sampling errors: Rural sa
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Table C.2 Age distribution of eligi
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Table C.5 Reporting of age at death
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Table C.8 Indicators of data qualit
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Statisticians Abay Getachew Amanuel
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Female Interviewers (contd.) Rahel
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE Now we would lik
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CURRENT SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IF AGE 5-
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PARENTAL SURVIVORSHIP AND RESIDENCE
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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CENTRAL STATISTICAL AUTHORITY ETHIO
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211 Now I would like to record the
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LAST BIRTH NAME ___________________
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427 Was (NAME) delivered by caesari
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442 Are you still breastfeeding (NA
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION AND HEALTH
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463 Has (NAME) been ill with a feve
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479 Where did you seek advice or tr
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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804 What was the name given to your
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SECTION 9: FEMALE CIRCUMCISION NO.
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SECTION 11. SEXUAL ACTIVITY NO. QUE
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INTERVIEWER’S OBSERVATIONS TO BE
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTION NO. QUESTIO
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SECTION 4. MARRIAGE NO. QUESTIONS A
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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SECTION 7: AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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