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The prevalence of fever varies by age of child. Children age 6-11 and 12-23 months are more commonly sick with fever (40 and 35 percent, respectively) than other children. There are no significant variations in the prevalence of fever by sex of the child and birth order. Similarly, there exists no notable difference in the prevalence of fever between children in urban and rural areas. Regional variations, however, are significant, ranging from 21 percent in Addis Ababa to 44 percent in the Affar Region. The prevalence of fever among children under five is also relatively high in the Gambela Region; where along with the Affar Region, malaria is more common. Mother’s education has little impact on the prevalence of fever among children under five years. Table 10.18 Prevalence of fever and sources of treatment Percentage of children under five years who were ill with a fever in the two weeks preceding the survey, and among those with fever, the percentage taken to specific sources of treatment, by background characteristics, Ethiopia 2000 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Among children with fever, percentage taken to: __________________________________________________________________________ Percentage Govern- Govern- Tradiof chil- Private ment ment Other tional Background dren with doctor/ health health govern- Phar- practicharacteristic fever clinic Hospital 1 center station ment NGO macy Shop tioner Other Number ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Child's age
Very few children with fever are taken to a health facility or provider for treatment. Eight percent of children are taken to a government health station for treatment, and about 4 percent of children each are taken to a private doctor or clinic, a government health center, or a pharmacy. The proportion of ill children taken to other sources is quite low. Differences by background characteristics in the use of sources for treatment of children with fever are negligible. Table 10.19 presents information on the type and source of treatment for children under five who had fever during the two weeks preceding the survey. Seventy-eight percent of children with fever in the two weeks preceding the survey received no treatment at all. Overall, aspirin (8 percent), followed by antibiotics (6 percent) are the most commonly used medicines for the treatment of fever. Very few children with fever are treated with antimalarial medication (fansidar, chloroquine, or quinine). Antimalarial treatment for fever is predominantly provided by government health centers, government health stations, other government facilities, and pharmacies and shops. Table 10.19 Treatment of fever Percentage of children under five years who were ill with a fever in the two weeks preceding the survey, who were given specific treatments, by source of treatment, Ethiopia 2000 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Treatment received by children with fever ____________________________________________________________________________ No Source Chloro- Ibu- Anti- Don't treatof treatment Fansidar quine Quinine Aspirin profen biotics Other know ment Number ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Private physician Hospital 1 Government health centre Government health station Other government NGO Pharmacy and shop Traditional practitioner Other No provider 0.6 4.5 3.8 39.7 1.6 19.4 18.7 4.2 12.0 107 4.9 0.3 0.0 21.9 3.6 15.3 30.8 6.1 19.9 50 5.9 6.6 4.7 37.0 2.8 28.0 20.5 8.5 10.0 125 2.9 11.0 3.0 37.2 5.1 28.0 20.3 8.6 4.6 249 5.2 1.2 0.8 14.0 0.0 47.4 11.5 14.2 17.2 14 0.0 1.2 0.0 25.8 0.0 38.0 25.7 7.4 6.8 21 3.6 5.9 2.2 34.6 1.7 28.5 21.5 8.7 10.9 162 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.5 0.0 0.5 48.9 1.2 45.1 36 0.0 10.9 0.0 14.4 3.9 25.6 11.7 0.8 40.2 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 2,291 Total 0.7 1.6 0.7 8.0 0.6 6.0 5.4 1.7 78.3 3,052 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ NGO = Non-governmental organization 1 Includes both public and private facilities 10.16 STOOL DISPOSAL If human feces are left uncontained, disease may spread by direct contact or animal contact with the feces. Table 10.20 presents information on the disposal of the stool of children under five, by background characteristics and type of toilet facility in the household. Seventy-seven percent of children’s stool is left uncontained. Sixty-four percent of children’s stool is either thrown outside the dwelling or in the yard. Less than 1 percent of children under five always use a toilet or latrine. Additionally, 8 percent of children’s stool is disposed of in the toilet or latrine, and 13 percent is buried in the yard. There are pronounced differences among rural and urban areas in the way children’s stool is disposed of. In urban areas, 45 percent of children’s stool is disposed of in the toilet or latrine, compared with only 4 percent in rural areas. This marked difference could be attributed to the fact that toilet facilities are more available in urban areas. The table also shows that 68 percent of children’s stool in 134 * Maternal and Child Health
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Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
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Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
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CONTENTS Page Tables and Figures ..
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CHAPTER 8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALIT
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TABLES AND FIGURES Page CHAPTER 1 I
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Table 5.22 Women’s approval of fa
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Page CHAPTER 11 INFANT FEEDING AND
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FOREWORD The 2000 Ethiopia Demograp
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The 2000 Ethiop
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Twelve percent of children are full
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WOMEN’S STATUS The DHS data shed
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The majority of the population live
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Table 1.2 Results of the household
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Table 2.1 Household population by a
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Table 2.3 Children’s living arran
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An investigation of the changes in
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The age-specific attendance rates (
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ural than in urban households. The
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Table 2.11 Utilization and source o
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Table 3.1 Background characteristic
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Table 3.3 Educational attainment by
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Table 3.4 Literacy Percent distribu
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3.5 EMPLOYMENT Respondents were ask
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Table 3.6.2 Employment: men Percent
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Table 3.7.2 Occupation: men Percent
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Employment is assumed to go hand in
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Table 3.10 Women's agreement with r
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primary education. There is substan
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FERTILITY 4 Fertility is the most i
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4.2 FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS Table 4
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4.4 CHILDREN EVER BORN AND LIVING T
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Comparison of these results with th
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Table 4.7 Age at first birth Percen
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FERTILITY REGULATION 5 Information
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Table 5.2 Couples’ knowledge of c
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Table 5.4 Ever use of contraception
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Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.6.1 Current use of contrace
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Table 5.6.2 Current use of contrace
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“Prudence” is used by 13 percen
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Table 5.12 Number of children at fi
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5.10 INTENTION TO USE FAMILY PLANNI
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The majority (46 percent) of women
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Education of respondents is closely
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To get an insight into the level of
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When there is a perceived disagreem
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OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FER
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6.2 POLYGYNY The extent of polygyny
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Table 6.3 Age at first marriage Per
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Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
Page 103 and 104: Table 6.7 Recent sexual activity: w
Page 105 and 106: ut had had sex before (Table 6.8).
Page 107 and 108: FERTILITY PREFERENCE 7 Due to vario
Page 109 and 110: Figure 7.2 Desire to Limit Childbea
Page 111 and 112: Table 7.4 Desire to limit childbear
Page 113 and 114: Table 7.5 Need for family planning
Page 115 and 116: Table 7.6 also shows that the ideal
Page 117 and 118: Table 7.9 shows wanted fertility ra
Page 119 and 120: and deaths affects mortality estima
Page 121 and 122: 8.3 SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS IN
Page 123 and 124: 8.4 DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIALS IN MO
Page 125 and 126: at any time during the five years b
Page 127 and 128: Table 8.5 High-risk fertility behav
Page 129 and 130: siblings with missing information f
Page 131 and 132: Table 9.2 Direct estimates of mater
Page 133 and 134: Table 10.1 Antenatal care Percent d
Page 135 and 136: Table 10.3 Antenatal care content P
Page 137 and 138: Affar Region. Education of the moth
Page 139 and 140: Table 10.6 Place of delivery Percen
Page 141 and 142: irths to women with no education. N
Page 143 and 144: Table 10.9 Postnatal care by backgr
Page 145 and 146: 10.10 EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT In some
Page 147 and 148: Table 10.12 Perceived problem in ac
Page 149 and 150: Figure 10.2 Vaccination Coverage Am
Page 151 and 152: Table 10.15 Vaccinations in first y
Page 153: Only 16 percent of all children und
Page 157 and 158: 10.17 PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA Diarrh
Page 159 and 160: Table 10.23 Diarrhea treatment Amon
Page 161 and 162: INFANT FEEDING AND CHILDHOOD AND MA
Page 163 and 164: Information on supplementation was
Page 165 and 166: The median and mean duration of bre
Page 167 and 168: Table 11.5 Frequency of foods consu
Page 169 and 170: Table 11.7 Iodized salt Percent dis
Page 171 and 172: A mother’s nutritional status dur
Page 173 and 174: e related to age and that weight be
Page 175 and 176: Chronic malnutrition among Ethiopia
Page 177 and 178: of 140 to 150 centimeters. The BMI,
Page 179 and 180: Table 12.1 Knowledge of AIDS Percen
Page 181 and 182: Table 12.2.2 Source of information
Page 183 and 184: Table 12.4.1 Knowledge of programma
Page 185 and 186: Table 12.5 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS-re
Page 187 and 188: or partner than others. Discussion
Page 189 and 190: Tables 12.9.1 and 12.9.2 show the k
Page 191 and 192: Table 12.10 Self-reporting of sexua
Page 193 and 194: Table 12.12 Number of sexual partne
Page 195 and 196: Sexual intercourse with noncohabiti
Page 197 and 198: REFERENCES Boerma, J. Ties. 1988. M
Page 199 and 200: A.4 SAMPLING FRAME The Ethiopia DHS
Page 201 and 202: The Men’s Questionnaire collected
Page 203 and 204: Table A.1.1 Sample implementation:
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS APPEND
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In general, the relative standard e
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Table B.2 Sampling errors: National
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Table B.4 Sampling errors: Rural sa
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Table C.2 Age distribution of eligi
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Table C.5 Reporting of age at death
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Table C.8 Indicators of data qualit
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Statisticians Abay Getachew Amanuel
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Female Interviewers (contd.) Rahel
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE Now we would lik
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CURRENT SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IF AGE 5-
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PARENTAL SURVIVORSHIP AND RESIDENCE
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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CENTRAL STATISTICAL AUTHORITY ETHIO
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211 Now I would like to record the
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LAST BIRTH NAME ___________________
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427 Was (NAME) delivered by caesari
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442 Are you still breastfeeding (NA
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION AND HEALTH
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463 Has (NAME) been ill with a feve
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479 Where did you seek advice or tr
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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804 What was the name given to your
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SECTION 9: FEMALE CIRCUMCISION NO.
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SECTION 11. SEXUAL ACTIVITY NO. QUE
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INTERVIEWER’S OBSERVATIONS TO BE
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTION NO. QUESTIO
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SECTION 4. MARRIAGE NO. QUESTIONS A
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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SECTION 7: AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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