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early childhood death. Two percent of births were reported to be 2.5 kilograms or more. In the absence of birth weight, a mother’s assessment of the size of the baby at birth, even though subjective, may be a useful measure of the survival chances of a child. Six percent of births were reported to be very small, 28 percent smaller than average, and 66 percent average or larger than average. Rural births are more likely to be reported by mothers as small or smaller than average than urban births, as are births in the Affar Region than other regions. A relatively high percentage of births (26 percent) in the Tigray Region are also reported to be very small; however, this region also has the lowest number of births reported as smaller than average. Twenty-nine percent of births to uneducated mothers are reported to be smaller than average at birth, compared with 24 percent of births to mothers with primary education and 17 percent of births to mothers with at least secondary education. 10.9 POSTNATAL CARE A large proportion of maternal and neonatal deaths occurs during the 48 hours after delivery. Safe motherhood programs have recently increased their emphasis on the importance of postnatal care, recommending that all women receive a check on their health within two days of delivery. To assess the extent of postnatal care utilization, respondents were asked whether they had received a health check after the delivery of their last birth in the five years preceding the survey. Table 10.9 shows the timing of postnatal care for women who had a birth that occurred outside of a health facility only since it is assumed that postnatal care is part of routine care for institutional deliveries. Postnatal care coverage is extremely low in Ethiopia. Nine in ten mothers received no postnatal care at all. Of those who received postnatal care, half (5 percent) are women who delivered in a health facility. Only 8 percent of mothers received postnatal care within the crucial first two days of delivery, and 1 percent received care three to seven days after delivery. There are no marked variations in the utilization of postnatal care services within the first two days of birth, by mother’s age. A relatively higher percentage of mothers who have delivered for the first time received postnatal care within the first two days than mothers with two or more children. There are significant differences in the receipt of postnatal care between urban and rural women. Thirty-eight percent of mothers in urban areas received postnatal care within two days of birth, compared with 4 percent of mothers in rural areas. The utilization of timely postnatal care ranges from a low of less than 4 percent of mothers in the Amhara Region to a high of 69 percent in Addis Ababa. Mother’s education impacts the utilization of postnatal care. Four percent of mothers with no education received postnatal care, compared with 48 percent of mothers with at least primary education. Maternal and Child Health * 121
Table 10.9 Postnatal care by background characteristics Percent distribution of women who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey by timing of postnatal care, according to background characteristics, Ethiopia 2000 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Timing of first postnatal checkup for mothers who delivered outside a health facility ___________________________________________ Delivered 3-7 8-27 4+ Did not in Within days days weeks Don't receive Background health 2 days after after after know/ postnatal characteristic facility of birth birth birth birth Missing care Total Number ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mother's age at birth
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Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
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Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
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CONTENTS Page Tables and Figures ..
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CHAPTER 8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALIT
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TABLES AND FIGURES Page CHAPTER 1 I
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Table 5.22 Women’s approval of fa
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Page CHAPTER 11 INFANT FEEDING AND
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FOREWORD The 2000 Ethiopia Demograp
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The 2000 Ethiop
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Twelve percent of children are full
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WOMEN’S STATUS The DHS data shed
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The majority of the population live
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Table 1.2 Results of the household
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Table 2.1 Household population by a
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Table 2.3 Children’s living arran
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An investigation of the changes in
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The age-specific attendance rates (
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ural than in urban households. The
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Table 2.11 Utilization and source o
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Table 3.1 Background characteristic
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Table 3.3 Educational attainment by
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Table 3.4 Literacy Percent distribu
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3.5 EMPLOYMENT Respondents were ask
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Table 3.6.2 Employment: men Percent
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Table 3.7.2 Occupation: men Percent
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Employment is assumed to go hand in
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Table 3.10 Women's agreement with r
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primary education. There is substan
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FERTILITY 4 Fertility is the most i
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4.2 FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS Table 4
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4.4 CHILDREN EVER BORN AND LIVING T
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Comparison of these results with th
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Table 4.7 Age at first birth Percen
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FERTILITY REGULATION 5 Information
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Table 5.2 Couples’ knowledge of c
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Table 5.4 Ever use of contraception
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Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.6.1 Current use of contrace
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Table 5.6.2 Current use of contrace
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“Prudence” is used by 13 percen
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Table 5.12 Number of children at fi
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5.10 INTENTION TO USE FAMILY PLANNI
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The majority (46 percent) of women
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Education of respondents is closely
Page 91 and 92: To get an insight into the level of
Page 93 and 94: When there is a perceived disagreem
Page 95 and 96: OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FER
Page 97 and 98: 6.2 POLYGYNY The extent of polygyny
Page 99 and 100: Table 6.3 Age at first marriage Per
Page 101 and 102: Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
Page 103 and 104: Table 6.7 Recent sexual activity: w
Page 105 and 106: ut had had sex before (Table 6.8).
Page 107 and 108: FERTILITY PREFERENCE 7 Due to vario
Page 109 and 110: Figure 7.2 Desire to Limit Childbea
Page 111 and 112: Table 7.4 Desire to limit childbear
Page 113 and 114: Table 7.5 Need for family planning
Page 115 and 116: Table 7.6 also shows that the ideal
Page 117 and 118: Table 7.9 shows wanted fertility ra
Page 119 and 120: and deaths affects mortality estima
Page 121 and 122: 8.3 SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS IN
Page 123 and 124: 8.4 DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIALS IN MO
Page 125 and 126: at any time during the five years b
Page 127 and 128: Table 8.5 High-risk fertility behav
Page 129 and 130: siblings with missing information f
Page 131 and 132: Table 9.2 Direct estimates of mater
Page 133 and 134: Table 10.1 Antenatal care Percent d
Page 135 and 136: Table 10.3 Antenatal care content P
Page 137 and 138: Affar Region. Education of the moth
Page 139 and 140: Table 10.6 Place of delivery Percen
Page 141: irths to women with no education. N
Page 145 and 146: 10.10 EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT In some
Page 147 and 148: Table 10.12 Perceived problem in ac
Page 149 and 150: Figure 10.2 Vaccination Coverage Am
Page 151 and 152: Table 10.15 Vaccinations in first y
Page 153 and 154: Only 16 percent of all children und
Page 155 and 156: Very few children with fever are ta
Page 157 and 158: 10.17 PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA Diarrh
Page 159 and 160: Table 10.23 Diarrhea treatment Amon
Page 161 and 162: INFANT FEEDING AND CHILDHOOD AND MA
Page 163 and 164: Information on supplementation was
Page 165 and 166: The median and mean duration of bre
Page 167 and 168: Table 11.5 Frequency of foods consu
Page 169 and 170: Table 11.7 Iodized salt Percent dis
Page 171 and 172: A mother’s nutritional status dur
Page 173 and 174: e related to age and that weight be
Page 175 and 176: Chronic malnutrition among Ethiopia
Page 177 and 178: of 140 to 150 centimeters. The BMI,
Page 179 and 180: Table 12.1 Knowledge of AIDS Percen
Page 181 and 182: Table 12.2.2 Source of information
Page 183 and 184: Table 12.4.1 Knowledge of programma
Page 185 and 186: Table 12.5 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS-re
Page 187 and 188: or partner than others. Discussion
Page 189 and 190: Tables 12.9.1 and 12.9.2 show the k
Page 191 and 192: Table 12.10 Self-reporting of sexua
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Table 12.12 Number of sexual partne
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Sexual intercourse with noncohabiti
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REFERENCES Boerma, J. Ties. 1988. M
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A.4 SAMPLING FRAME The Ethiopia DHS
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The Men’s Questionnaire collected
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Table A.1.1 Sample implementation:
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS APPEND
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In general, the relative standard e
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Table B.2 Sampling errors: National
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Table B.4 Sampling errors: Rural sa
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Table C.2 Age distribution of eligi
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Table C.5 Reporting of age at death
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Table C.8 Indicators of data qualit
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Statisticians Abay Getachew Amanuel
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Female Interviewers (contd.) Rahel
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE Now we would lik
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CURRENT SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IF AGE 5-
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PARENTAL SURVIVORSHIP AND RESIDENCE
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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CENTRAL STATISTICAL AUTHORITY ETHIO
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211 Now I would like to record the
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LAST BIRTH NAME ___________________
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427 Was (NAME) delivered by caesari
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442 Are you still breastfeeding (NA
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION AND HEALTH
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463 Has (NAME) been ill with a feve
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479 Where did you seek advice or tr
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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804 What was the name given to your
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SECTION 9: FEMALE CIRCUMCISION NO.
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SECTION 11. SEXUAL ACTIVITY NO. QUE
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INTERVIEWER’S OBSERVATIONS TO BE
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTION NO. QUESTIO
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SECTION 4. MARRIAGE NO. QUESTIONS A
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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SECTION 7: AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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