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7.4 FERTILITY PLANNING The Ethiopia <strong>DHS</strong> provides an opportunity to estimate levels of unwanted fertility. Unwanted fertility can be estimated in one of two ways. Women were asked a series of questions about each of their children born in the five years preceding the survey, as well as any current pregnancy to determine whether the pregnancy was wanted then (planned), wanted later (mistimed), or not wanted (unplanned) at the time of conception. This information may in fact underestimate unplanned childbearing since women may rationalize unplanned births and declare them as planned once they occur. Another way of measuring unwanted fertility utilizes the data on ideal family size to calculate what the total fertility rate would be if all unwanted births were avoided. This measure may also suffer from underestimation to the extent that women are unwilling to report an ideal family size lower than their actual family size. Table 7.8 shows that 17 percent of births were not wanted, while 20 percent of births were mistimed (wanted later). In general, the proportion of unwanted births rises with birth order. The percentage of unwanted births increases from 10 percent among first and second order births to 24 percent among fourth and higher order births. With the exception of births to very young mothers (under age 20), the percentage of unwanted births rises with mother’s age. Table 7.8 Fertility planning status Percent distribution of births (including current pregnancy) in the five years preceding the survey by fertility planning status, according to birth order and mother's age at birth, Ethiopia 2000 _______________________________________________________________________ Planning status of birth Birth order _________________________ and mother's Wanted Wanted Not age at birth then later wanted Missing Total Number _______________________________________________________________________ Birth order 1 2 3 4+ Age at birth
Table 7.9 shows wanted fertility rates calculated using the second approach to measuring unwanted fertility. The wanted fertility is computed in the same way as the total fertility rate, except that unwanted births are excluded from the numerator. In this case, unwanted births are those that exceed the number mentioned as ideal by the respondent. This rate represents the level of fertility that would have prevailed in the five years preceding the survey if all unwanted births had been prevented. Table 7.9 Wanted fertility rates Total wanted fertility rates and total fertility rates for the five years preceding the survey, by background characteristics, Ethiopia 2000 ____________________________________________ Total wanted Total Background fertility fertility characteristic rates rates ____________________________________________ Residence Urban Rural 2.7 3.3 5.4 6.4 The overall total wanted fertility rate is 4.9 children and is a child lower than the actual total fertility rate of 5.9 children in the country. The gap between wanted and observed fertility rates is greater among women living in rural areas than in urban areas. The difference between the two rates is lowest among women with secondary and higher education and highest among women with no education. The gap between wanted and actual fertility is also the widest in the Oromiya Region and the narrowest in the Somali Region. Region Tigray Affar Amhara Oromiya Somali Benishangul-Gumuz SNNP Gambela Harari Addis Ababa Dire Dawa Mother's education No education Primary Secondary and higher 5.3 5.8 4.6 4.9 4.9 5.9 5.2 6.4 5.6 5.7 4.6 5.4 5.1 5.9 4.0 4.5 4.0 4.4 1.6 1.9 3.2 3.6 5.3 6.2 4.2 5.1 2.5 3.1 Total 4.9 5.9 ____________________________________________ Note: Rates are calculated based on births to women age 15-49 in the period 1-60 months preceding the survey. The total fertility rates are those presented in Table 4.2. Fertility Preference * 95
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Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
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Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
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CONTENTS Page Tables and Figures ..
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CHAPTER 8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALIT
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TABLES AND FIGURES Page CHAPTER 1 I
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Table 5.22 Women’s approval of fa
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Page CHAPTER 11 INFANT FEEDING AND
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FOREWORD The 2000 Ethiopia Demograp
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The 2000 Ethiop
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Twelve percent of children are full
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WOMEN’S STATUS The DHS data shed
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The majority of the population live
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Table 1.2 Results of the household
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Table 2.1 Household population by a
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Table 2.3 Children’s living arran
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An investigation of the changes in
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The age-specific attendance rates (
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ural than in urban households. The
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Table 2.11 Utilization and source o
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Table 3.1 Background characteristic
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Table 3.3 Educational attainment by
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Table 3.4 Literacy Percent distribu
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3.5 EMPLOYMENT Respondents were ask
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Table 3.6.2 Employment: men Percent
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Table 3.7.2 Occupation: men Percent
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Employment is assumed to go hand in
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Table 3.10 Women's agreement with r
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primary education. There is substan
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FERTILITY 4 Fertility is the most i
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4.2 FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS Table 4
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4.4 CHILDREN EVER BORN AND LIVING T
Page 65 and 66: Comparison of these results with th
Page 67 and 68: Table 4.7 Age at first birth Percen
Page 69 and 70: FERTILITY REGULATION 5 Information
Page 71 and 72: Table 5.2 Couples’ knowledge of c
Page 73 and 74: Table 5.4 Ever use of contraception
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
Page 77 and 78: Table 5.6.1 Current use of contrace
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.6.2 Current use of contrace
Page 81 and 82: “Prudence” is used by 13 percen
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.12 Number of children at fi
Page 85 and 86: 5.10 INTENTION TO USE FAMILY PLANNI
Page 87 and 88: The majority (46 percent) of women
Page 89 and 90: Education of respondents is closely
Page 91 and 92: To get an insight into the level of
Page 93 and 94: When there is a perceived disagreem
Page 95 and 96: OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FER
Page 97 and 98: 6.2 POLYGYNY The extent of polygyny
Page 99 and 100: Table 6.3 Age at first marriage Per
Page 101 and 102: Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
Page 103 and 104: Table 6.7 Recent sexual activity: w
Page 105 and 106: ut had had sex before (Table 6.8).
Page 107 and 108: FERTILITY PREFERENCE 7 Due to vario
Page 109 and 110: Figure 7.2 Desire to Limit Childbea
Page 111 and 112: Table 7.4 Desire to limit childbear
Page 113 and 114: Table 7.5 Need for family planning
Page 115: Table 7.6 also shows that the ideal
Page 119 and 120: and deaths affects mortality estima
Page 121 and 122: 8.3 SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS IN
Page 123 and 124: 8.4 DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIALS IN MO
Page 125 and 126: at any time during the five years b
Page 127 and 128: Table 8.5 High-risk fertility behav
Page 129 and 130: siblings with missing information f
Page 131 and 132: Table 9.2 Direct estimates of mater
Page 133 and 134: Table 10.1 Antenatal care Percent d
Page 135 and 136: Table 10.3 Antenatal care content P
Page 137 and 138: Affar Region. Education of the moth
Page 139 and 140: Table 10.6 Place of delivery Percen
Page 141 and 142: irths to women with no education. N
Page 143 and 144: Table 10.9 Postnatal care by backgr
Page 145 and 146: 10.10 EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT In some
Page 147 and 148: Table 10.12 Perceived problem in ac
Page 149 and 150: Figure 10.2 Vaccination Coverage Am
Page 151 and 152: Table 10.15 Vaccinations in first y
Page 153 and 154: Only 16 percent of all children und
Page 155 and 156: Very few children with fever are ta
Page 157 and 158: 10.17 PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA Diarrh
Page 159 and 160: Table 10.23 Diarrhea treatment Amon
Page 161 and 162: INFANT FEEDING AND CHILDHOOD AND MA
Page 163 and 164: Information on supplementation was
Page 165 and 166: The median and mean duration of bre
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Table 11.5 Frequency of foods consu
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Table 11.7 Iodized salt Percent dis
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A mother’s nutritional status dur
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e related to age and that weight be
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Chronic malnutrition among Ethiopia
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of 140 to 150 centimeters. The BMI,
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Table 12.1 Knowledge of AIDS Percen
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Table 12.2.2 Source of information
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Table 12.4.1 Knowledge of programma
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Table 12.5 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS-re
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or partner than others. Discussion
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Tables 12.9.1 and 12.9.2 show the k
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Table 12.10 Self-reporting of sexua
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Table 12.12 Number of sexual partne
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Sexual intercourse with noncohabiti
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REFERENCES Boerma, J. Ties. 1988. M
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A.4 SAMPLING FRAME The Ethiopia DHS
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The Men’s Questionnaire collected
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Table A.1.1 Sample implementation:
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS APPEND
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In general, the relative standard e
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Table B.2 Sampling errors: National
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Table B.4 Sampling errors: Rural sa
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Table C.2 Age distribution of eligi
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Table C.5 Reporting of age at death
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Table C.8 Indicators of data qualit
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Statisticians Abay Getachew Amanuel
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Female Interviewers (contd.) Rahel
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE Now we would lik
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CURRENT SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IF AGE 5-
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PARENTAL SURVIVORSHIP AND RESIDENCE
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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CENTRAL STATISTICAL AUTHORITY ETHIO
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211 Now I would like to record the
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LAST BIRTH NAME ___________________
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427 Was (NAME) delivered by caesari
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442 Are you still breastfeeding (NA
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION AND HEALTH
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463 Has (NAME) been ill with a feve
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479 Where did you seek advice or tr
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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804 What was the name given to your
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SECTION 9: FEMALE CIRCUMCISION NO.
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SECTION 11. SEXUAL ACTIVITY NO. QUE
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INTERVIEWER’S OBSERVATIONS TO BE
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTION NO. QUESTIO
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SECTION 4. MARRIAGE NO. QUESTIONS A
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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SECTION 7: AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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