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to have another child; however, only 22 percent want another child within two years. Thirty-six percent prefer to wait for two years or more to have another child, and 32 percent want no more children or have been sterilized (Figure 7.1). It is clear from the information presented in Table 7.1 that the majority of Ethiopian women (68 percent) prefer to space or limit the number of children and are potentially in need of family planning. Men’s fertility preferences follow a pattern somewhat similar to women’s. However, a higher percentage (72 percent) of men want to have another child. The proportion of women who want no more children increased from 24 percent in 1990 (CSA, 1993) to 32 percent in 2000, an 8 percentage point increase. This provides a promising scope for the country’s population policy to meet its objectives. Figure 7.1 Fertility Preferences of Currently Married Women Age 15-49 Wants a child later (after 2 years) 36% Wants a child soon (within 2 years) 22% Declared infecund 3% Wants a child, unsure of timing 3% Undecided 3% Wants no more children/Sterilized 32% Note: Percentages add to less than 100 due to rounding. Ethiopia <strong>DHS</strong> 2000 The percentage of currently married women who do not want any more children increases with increasing number of living children, from 5 percent among married women with no living children to 65 percent among women with six or more living children (Figure 7.2). A similar pattern is also observed for men, except that a relatively lower percentage of men want to limit childbearing. Table 7.2 presents data on the fertility desires of 1,207 monogamous couples by number of living children and examines whether the fertility preferences of a woman and her spouse are similar or different. Seventy-one percent of couples agree on their desire either to have more children (54 percent) or to have no more children (17 percent). This shows a generally high level of agreement among couples on their desire for children. In cases in which spouses report the same number of children, the percentage of couples who agree on wanting no more children increases with the number of living children they have, while the percentage of couples who agree on wanting more children decreases with the number of living children. For example, only 6 percent of couples with one to three children want no more children, compared with 52 percent of couples with seven or more children. At the same time 87 percent of couples without any living children want more children, compared with only 8 percent of couples with seven or more living children. Overall, a higher percentage of husbands 86 * Fertility Preference
Figure 7.2 Desire to Limit Childbearing Among Currently Married Women and Men, by Number of Living Children Percent Women Men 65 47 49 39 18 26 18 22 31 5 0 9 6 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ Number of Living Children Note: Desire to limit childbearing includes respondents who stated that they did not want any more children and those who have been sterilized. Ethiopia <strong>DHS</strong> 2000 Table 7.2 Desire for more children among monogamous couples Percent distribution of monogamous couples by desire for more children, according to number of living children reported, Ethiopia 2000 _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Husband Wife Both One Number of Both more/ more/ want Husband/ or both living children want wife husband no wife undecided/ reported more no more no more more infecund missing Total Number _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Same number 0 1-3 4-6 7+ 87.3 6.3 0.8 0.0 2.6 3.0 100.0 80 73.6 10.0 4.7 5.5 1.8 4.4 100.0 445 39.6 20.1 7.9 24.2 3.7 4.5 100.0 237 8.4 18.3 9.1 52.0 4.2 8.1 100.0 87 Different number Husband > wife Wife > husband Total 45.2 14.3 11.9 21.1 4.1 3.5 100.0 263 38.6 23.0 6.7 19.4 6.0 6.2 100.0 94 54.2 14.3 7.1 16.7 3.2 4.5 100.0 1,207 want more children than wives; for example, the proportion of couples in which the husband wants more and the wife does not is greater than the proportion in which the wife wants more and the husband doesn’t. Table 7.3 presents the fertility preferences of currently married women and men by age. The desire for no more children increases steadily with age. Among women in the early reproductive ages (15-19 years) only 9 percent want no more children, compared with 59 percent of women in the oldest age group (45-49 years). It can be concluded that the potential need for family planning is positively related to the current age of women when the desire is to limit childbearing. On the other hand, the desire to space births declines from 57 percent among the youngest age groups to 3 percent among the oldest. The overall pattern of male fertility preferences by age is similar to that of females. Fertility Preference * 87
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Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
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Ethiopia Demographic and Health Sur
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CONTENTS Page Tables and Figures ..
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CHAPTER 8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALIT
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TABLES AND FIGURES Page CHAPTER 1 I
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Table 5.22 Women’s approval of fa
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Page CHAPTER 11 INFANT FEEDING AND
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FOREWORD The 2000 Ethiopia Demograp
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The 2000 Ethiop
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Twelve percent of children are full
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WOMEN’S STATUS The DHS data shed
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The majority of the population live
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Table 1.2 Results of the household
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Table 2.1 Household population by a
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Table 2.3 Children’s living arran
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An investigation of the changes in
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The age-specific attendance rates (
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ural than in urban households. The
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Table 2.11 Utilization and source o
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Table 3.1 Background characteristic
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Table 3.3 Educational attainment by
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Table 3.4 Literacy Percent distribu
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3.5 EMPLOYMENT Respondents were ask
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Table 3.6.2 Employment: men Percent
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Table 3.7.2 Occupation: men Percent
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Employment is assumed to go hand in
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Table 3.10 Women's agreement with r
Page 57 and 58: primary education. There is substan
Page 59 and 60: FERTILITY 4 Fertility is the most i
Page 61 and 62: 4.2 FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS Table 4
Page 63 and 64: 4.4 CHILDREN EVER BORN AND LIVING T
Page 65 and 66: Comparison of these results with th
Page 67 and 68: Table 4.7 Age at first birth Percen
Page 69 and 70: FERTILITY REGULATION 5 Information
Page 71 and 72: Table 5.2 Couples’ knowledge of c
Page 73 and 74: Table 5.4 Ever use of contraception
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
Page 77 and 78: Table 5.6.1 Current use of contrace
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.6.2 Current use of contrace
Page 81 and 82: “Prudence” is used by 13 percen
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.12 Number of children at fi
Page 85 and 86: 5.10 INTENTION TO USE FAMILY PLANNI
Page 87 and 88: The majority (46 percent) of women
Page 89 and 90: Education of respondents is closely
Page 91 and 92: To get an insight into the level of
Page 93 and 94: When there is a perceived disagreem
Page 95 and 96: OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FER
Page 97 and 98: 6.2 POLYGYNY The extent of polygyny
Page 99 and 100: Table 6.3 Age at first marriage Per
Page 101 and 102: Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
Page 103 and 104: Table 6.7 Recent sexual activity: w
Page 105 and 106: ut had had sex before (Table 6.8).
Page 107: FERTILITY PREFERENCE 7 Due to vario
Page 111 and 112: Table 7.4 Desire to limit childbear
Page 113 and 114: Table 7.5 Need for family planning
Page 115 and 116: Table 7.6 also shows that the ideal
Page 117 and 118: Table 7.9 shows wanted fertility ra
Page 119 and 120: and deaths affects mortality estima
Page 121 and 122: 8.3 SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS IN
Page 123 and 124: 8.4 DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIALS IN MO
Page 125 and 126: at any time during the five years b
Page 127 and 128: Table 8.5 High-risk fertility behav
Page 129 and 130: siblings with missing information f
Page 131 and 132: Table 9.2 Direct estimates of mater
Page 133 and 134: Table 10.1 Antenatal care Percent d
Page 135 and 136: Table 10.3 Antenatal care content P
Page 137 and 138: Affar Region. Education of the moth
Page 139 and 140: Table 10.6 Place of delivery Percen
Page 141 and 142: irths to women with no education. N
Page 143 and 144: Table 10.9 Postnatal care by backgr
Page 145 and 146: 10.10 EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT In some
Page 147 and 148: Table 10.12 Perceived problem in ac
Page 149 and 150: Figure 10.2 Vaccination Coverage Am
Page 151 and 152: Table 10.15 Vaccinations in first y
Page 153 and 154: Only 16 percent of all children und
Page 155 and 156: Very few children with fever are ta
Page 157 and 158: 10.17 PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA Diarrh
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Table 10.23 Diarrhea treatment Amon
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INFANT FEEDING AND CHILDHOOD AND MA
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Information on supplementation was
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The median and mean duration of bre
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Table 11.5 Frequency of foods consu
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Table 11.7 Iodized salt Percent dis
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A mother’s nutritional status dur
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e related to age and that weight be
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Chronic malnutrition among Ethiopia
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of 140 to 150 centimeters. The BMI,
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Table 12.1 Knowledge of AIDS Percen
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Table 12.2.2 Source of information
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Table 12.4.1 Knowledge of programma
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Table 12.5 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS-re
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or partner than others. Discussion
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Tables 12.9.1 and 12.9.2 show the k
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Table 12.10 Self-reporting of sexua
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Table 12.12 Number of sexual partne
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Sexual intercourse with noncohabiti
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REFERENCES Boerma, J. Ties. 1988. M
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A.4 SAMPLING FRAME The Ethiopia DHS
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The Men’s Questionnaire collected
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Table A.1.1 Sample implementation:
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS APPEND
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In general, the relative standard e
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Table B.2 Sampling errors: National
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Table B.4 Sampling errors: Rural sa
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Table C.2 Age distribution of eligi
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Table C.5 Reporting of age at death
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Table C.8 Indicators of data qualit
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Statisticians Abay Getachew Amanuel
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Female Interviewers (contd.) Rahel
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE Now we would lik
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CURRENT SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IF AGE 5-
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PARENTAL SURVIVORSHIP AND RESIDENCE
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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CENTRAL STATISTICAL AUTHORITY ETHIO
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211 Now I would like to record the
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LAST BIRTH NAME ___________________
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427 Was (NAME) delivered by caesari
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442 Are you still breastfeeding (NA
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION AND HEALTH
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463 Has (NAME) been ill with a feve
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479 Where did you seek advice or tr
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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804 What was the name given to your
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SECTION 9: FEMALE CIRCUMCISION NO.
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SECTION 11. SEXUAL ACTIVITY NO. QUE
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INTERVIEWER’S OBSERVATIONS TO BE
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTION NO. QUESTIO
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SECTION 4. MARRIAGE NO. QUESTIONS A
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCES NO
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SECTION 7: AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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