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IGIDR Annual Report 2009-2010 - Indira Gandhi Institute of ...

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Research Activities<br />

energy. security.. The. aspects. <strong>of</strong>. energy. use. –.<br />

technological,. geo-political,. social,. cultural. and.<br />

environmental,.have.been.considered..This.should.<br />

help. planners. and. policy. makers. to. understand.<br />

India’s. energy. scenario. better. and. design. policies.<br />

to. develop. sustainable. technologies. and. practices.<br />

to.ensure.energy.resources.last.long..<br />

In. their. study. “Understanding. industrial. energy.<br />

use:. Physical. energy. intensity. changes. in. Indian.<br />

manufacturing. sector”. (Energy. Economics,.<br />

forthcoming),. B.. Sudhakara. Reddy. and. Binay.<br />

Kumar. Ray. focus. on. developing. policies. for<br />

energy. efficiency. by. observing. the. changes<br />

<strong>of</strong>. energy. use. in. India’s. manufacturing. sector<br />

during. 1991–2005. and. investigate. mitigation<br />

options. for. energy-related. CO 2. emissions.. They.<br />

develop. and. analyze. physical. energy. intensity.<br />

indicators. in. five. industrial. sub-sectors,. viz.,. iron.<br />

and. steel,. aluminum,. textiles,. paper. and. cement..<br />

They. use. decomposition. analysis. to. separate. the.<br />

structural.effect.(product.mix).from.pure.intensity.<br />

effect. (efficiency. improvement. through. technical.<br />

improvement).. Though. the. energy. intensity. <strong>of</strong>.<br />

manufacturing.sector.is.found.to.have.declined.in.<br />

aggregate. terms,. there. is. intensity. rise. in. specific.<br />

industry. like. textile.. Similarly,. there. has. been.<br />

a. movement. towards. higher. energy. intensive.<br />

products. in. Aluminum. industry.. Energy. intensity.<br />

has. declined. in. industries. like. iron. and. steel,.<br />

paper. and. pulp. and. cement,. in. general,. but. there.<br />

is. significant. scope. for. further. reduction. in. the.<br />

Indian.manufacturing.sector..<br />

Numerous. efforts. have. been. made. worldwide. in.<br />

constructing. sustainable. development. indicators.<br />

(SDIs). for. urban. Areas.. The. dearth. <strong>of</strong>. studies. in.<br />

India. added. to. the. prevailing. sustainability. risks. in.<br />

million. plus. cities. motivated. Hippu. Salk. Kristle.<br />

Nathan. and. B.. Sudhakara. Reddy. to. develop. a.<br />

framework. to. generate. a. set. <strong>of</strong>. SDIs. to. study. the.<br />

urban. resource. dynamics.. Taking. Mumbai. as. a.<br />

case. study,. in. their. paper. “A. conceptual. framework.<br />

for. the. development. <strong>of</strong>. sustainable. development.<br />

indicators. for. an. urban. setup,”. (International<br />

Journal <strong>of</strong> Sustainable Development,. forthcoming).<br />

the. authors. have. introduced. a. multi-view. blackbox.<br />

(MVBB). framework. by. eliminating. the. system.<br />

component. from. the. extended. urban. metabolism.<br />

model. (EUMM). and. introduced. three-dimensional.<br />

views. <strong>of</strong>. economic. efficiency. (EE-view),. social.<br />

wellbeing. (SW-view),. and. ecological. acceptability.<br />

(EA-view).. They. adopt. a. Domain-based.<br />

classification. to. facilitate. a. scientifically. credible.<br />

set. <strong>of</strong>. indicators.. The. model. has. been. developed.<br />

for. an. energy. domain. applying. MVBB. framework..<br />

After. introducing. the. notion. <strong>of</strong>. sustainability,. the.<br />

study. reviews. several. past. indicator. initiatives. and.<br />

the. frameworks. and. approaches. adopted. therein..<br />

The. next. step. in. the. present. research,. which. is. still.<br />

in. the. pipeline,. is. to. devise. the. selection. criteria.<br />

for. indicators.. A. multi-stakeholder. approach. will.<br />

be. followed. for. future. stage. <strong>of</strong>. the. study. to. take.<br />

the. advantage. <strong>of</strong>. both. top-down. and. bottom-up.<br />

approaches..Also,.it.has.been.envisaged.to.consider.<br />

a. set. <strong>of</strong>. indicators. rather. than. an. aggregated. index..<br />

Finally,. using. the. shortlisted. indicators,. the. authors.<br />

intend.to.develop.a.sustainability.report.card.for.the.<br />

city.<br />

agriculture and rural Development<br />

For. nearly. two. decades,. Indian. agriculture. has.<br />

been. marked. by. deceleration. in. growth. and.<br />

distress. <strong>of</strong>. farmers.. The. crisis. is. structural. and.<br />

institutional. in. nature,. with. farmers’. suicides.<br />

symptomatic. <strong>of</strong>. deep-seated. maladies. that. have.<br />

engulfed. the. agricultural. sector.. D.. Narasimha.<br />

Reddy.and.Srijit.Mishra.(eds.),.Agrarian Crisis in<br />

India,.Oxford.University.Press,.New.Delhi,.<strong>2009</strong>,.<br />

bring.together.for.the.first.time.a.detailed.analysis.<br />

<strong>of</strong>.the.crisis.in.all.its.dimensions..The.complexity.<br />

<strong>of</strong>. the. issue. is. unraveled. by. addressing. both.<br />

the. macro. context. and. the. regional-level.<br />

manifestations. <strong>of</strong>. the. agrarian. crisis.. The. macro.<br />

dimensions.include.detailed.analysis.<strong>of</strong>.structural,.<br />

<strong>Indira</strong> <strong>Gandhi</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> Development Research 11

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