TR Circular E-C058_9th LRT Conference_2003.pdf - Florida ...

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Boorse 165 practices. This resulted in some inconsistencies that, while they were not problematic, neither were they desirable. Part 10 is an initial effort to establish standards, recommendations, and options to guide designers. The more than two years that have elapsed since its publication have provided the opportunity to apply and test its content. This has revealed some possible weaknesses, which should not be unexpected with any pioneer undertaking. The comments and suggestions in this paper are presented to stimulate discussion in the professional community with the goal of providing quality input for the next version of the MUTCD.
LIGHT RAIL <strong>TR</strong>ANSIT <strong>TR</strong>AFFIC ENGINEERING Preemption Versus Priority Service for Light Rail Transit Vehicles N JOHN R. BLACK Naztec,Inc. aztec, Inc. developed light rail preemption software for the $1.26 billion Hudson–Bergen Light Rail Project for New Jersey Transit in 1998 as a sub-contractor to Raytheon Engineers & Contractors, Inc. This system preempts approximately 100 traffic signals located on the rail between Newark, New Jersey, and Manhattan and provides status information to the NJ Transit control center. This system has been in operation for over 4 years; when the Hudson– Bergen Project is completed in 2005, the rail system is expected to carry in excess of 66,000 passengers per day. The Hudson–Bergen light rail software supports a dual-track system with separate advance call, check-in, and check-out detectors installed in the track. These detectors insure that the light rail vehicle is serviced without stopping and that the track is clear before returning to normal operation. The controller software allows overlapping light rail operation on the dual track system and provides several features that improve the stability of the system. Naztec, Inc. is currently developing transit priority software based on NTCIP 1211 that can be applied to light rail as well as transit operations. The issue of preemption versus priority service involves competing demands between roadway users and transit. The object definitions from NTCIP 1211 can be applied to “compromise” both approaches. An overview of Naztec’s experience developing traffic signal controller software for light rail preemption and priority service is provided. It is also explained how NTCIP 1211 can provide a common framework for preemption and priority based service to strike a balance between transit and system needs. Light rail preemption developed for the Hudson–Bergen Project in light of the emerging national standard, NTCIP 1211—“Object Definitions for Signal Control and Prioritization”—is discussed (1). Currently, there is a lack of uniformity in how preemption and priority service is applied to light rail operations around the country. Hopefully, the features and operation described here for the Hudson–Bergen Project will provide insight for those charged with developing standards for light rail operation. HUDSON–BERGEN LIGHT RAIL PREEMPTION The local intersection software for the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail Project (Figure 1) was designed to provide advance detection of a light rail vehicle (LRV), terminate normal stop-andgo operation of the signal after a user specified arrival time, and transfer the right-of-way to the rail phase prior to the arrival of the LRV. Once the LRV clears the crossing, the signal returns to normal operation. The advance detection is provided by a detector located in the track or by a Psuedo output call when the LRV clears the last upstream intersection. 166
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9 th National Light Rail Transit Co
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E Foreword xperience, Economics and
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Contents OPENING GENERAL SESSION St
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Shared-Use Corridors: A Survey of C
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LIGHT RAIL ELECTRIFICATION Feederle
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T OPENING GENERAL SESSION Status of
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Schumann and Loetterle 5 SEATTLE/TA
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Schumann and Loetterle 7 Current Co
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Schumann and Loetterle 9 Current Co
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Schumann and Loetterle 11 Current C
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Schumann and Loetterle 13 In early
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Schumann and Loetterle 15 CALGARY F
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Schumann and Loetterle 17 9. http:/
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TABLE 3 Right of Way Locations km o
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TABLE 5 Revenue Service Vehicles Ch
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PLANNING AND FORECASTING FOR LIGHT
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Thompson 27 These ideas appealed to
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Thompson 29 beginning, however, tha
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Thompson 31 in the interviews becau
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Thompson 33 San Diego San Diego was
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Thompson 35 to the National Confere
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S PLANNING AND FORECASTING FOR LIGH
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Day and Stauder 39 Pre-1996 Transpo
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Day and Stauder 41 part of the gene
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Day and Stauder 43 Comparability Ac
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Kaplan, Englisher, and Warner 45 PR
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Washington Park Fairview Heights Me
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FIGURE 3 TAZ splits in St. Clair Co
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Kaplan, Englisher, and Warner 51 lo
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Kaplan, Englisher, and Warner 53 to
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Kaplan, Englisher, and Warner 55 No
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Kaplan, Englisher, and Warner 57 Co
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Straus and Watry 59 then, Muni has
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Straus and Watry 61 Various factors
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Straus and Watry 63 Francisco Count
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Straus and Watry 65 where it would
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Straus and Watry 67 require lifting
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Straus and Watry 69 TABLE 2 In-Vehi
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Straus and Watry 71 FIGURE 5 Bay Vi
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Straus and Watry 73 LESSONS LEARNED
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Marchwinski, Spitz, and Adler 75 BA
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Marchwinski, Spitz, and Adler 77 re
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Marchwinski, Spitz, and Adler 79 QU
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Marchwinski, Spitz, and Adler 81 St
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Marchwinski, Spitz, and Adler 83 TA
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Marchwinski, Spitz, and Adler 85 It
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LOW-FLOOR LIGHT RAIL VEHICLES Struc
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Sarunac and Zeolla 91 STRUCTURAL ST
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Sarunac and Zeolla 93 LRV-LFE DESIG
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Sarunac and Zeolla 95 The values no
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Sarunac and Zeolla 97 to evaluate a
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Sarunac and Zeolla 99 TABLE 1 Summa
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Sarunac and Zeolla 101 Comparison o
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Sarunac and Zeolla 103 approach, ap
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Morgan 105 concept can be readily i
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Morgan 107 DART LRVs are all relati
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Morgan 109 trailer truck with 4-dis
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Morgan 111 Conclusion Because of th
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Morgan 113 TABLE 1 Comparison of Se
Page 122 and 123: Morgan 115 After the real estate, t
Page 124 and 125: Morgan 117 Fleet Maintenance Standa
Page 126 and 127: LOW-FLOOR LIGHT RAIL VEHICLES Integ
Page 128 and 129: Fraser, Leary, Marianeschi, and Pel
Page 138: Fraser, Leary, Marianeschi, and Pel
Page 142 and 143: D LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT AND OTHER MODE
Page 144 and 145: McBrayer 137 As of September 2002,
Page 146 and 147: McBrayer 139 Understandable Route T
Page 148 and 149: McBrayer 141 and reward investment
Page 150 and 151: McBrayer 143 The results of this ap
Page 152 and 153: McBrayer 145 of transit improvement
Page 154: McBrayer 147 system, the use of ali
Page 158 and 159: A LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT TRAFFIC ENGINE
Page 160 and 161: Boorse 153 use could be problematic
Page 162 and 163: Boorse 155 Section 10C.10—Do Not
Page 164 and 165: Boorse 157 purpose. In fact, to the
Page 166 and 167: Boorse 159 (a) (b) FIGURE 3 Figures
Page 168 and 169: Boorse 161 Section 10D.05—Traffic
Page 170 and 171: Boorse 163 (a) (b) FIGURE 4 Example
Page 174 and 175: Black 167 FIGURE 1 Hudson-Bergen LR
Page 176 and 177: Black 169 Return Phases may also be
Page 178 and 179: Black 171 FIGURE 5 Naztec preemptio
Page 180 and 181: Black 173 FIGURE 8 Split times cann
Page 182 and 183: Koonce, Urbanik, and Mishra 175 inh
Page 184 and 185: Koonce, Urbanik, and Mishra 177 EXI
Page 186 and 187: Koonce, Urbanik, and Mishra 179 TAB
Page 188 and 189: Koonce, Urbanik, and Mishra 181 FIG
Page 190 and 191: Koonce, Urbanik, and Mishra 183 (a)
Page 192: Koonce, Urbanik, and Mishra 185 CON
Page 196 and 197: O LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT AND TRANSIT-OR
Page 198 and 199: Arrington 191 FIGURE 2 Eastside Vil
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Page 202 and 203: Arrington 195 Portland’s Westside
Page 204 and 205: Arrington 197 FIGURE 4 Orenco Stati
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Page 208 and 209: Arrington 201 with 2,600 units. Und
Page 210 and 211: Arrington 203 TABLE 2 Ten Steps to
Page 212 and 213: LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT AND TRANSIT-ORIE
Page 214 and 215: Fitzsimmons and Birch 207 FIGURE 1
Page 216 and 217: Fitzsimmons and Birch 209 pockets o
Page 218 and 219: Fitzsimmons and Birch 211 The Futur
Page 220 and 221: Fitzsimmons and Birch 213 The state
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M LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT AND TRANSIT-OR
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H UNTERSPOINTSHIPYARD Beatty 217 H
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HUNTERS POINT EXPWY Beatty 219 WILL
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Beatty 221 an attractive alternativ
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Beatty 223 Bayshore Boulevard at Su
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Beatty 225 secondary bus type. The
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Beatty 227 SUNNYDALE AVENUE Platfor
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Beatty 229 SUNNYDALE AVENUE 18' 12'
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Beatty 231 The Southern Terminal is
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Edwards and Phillips 233 means for
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Edwards and Phillips 235 Road corri
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Edwards and Phillips 237 viable nei
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Edwards and Phillips 239 recreation
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Edwards and Phillips 241 bridge). T
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Edwards and Phillips 243 Additional
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Edwards and Phillips 245 • Serve
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Edwards and Phillips 247 • Ensure
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CROSSINGS AND SHARED CORRIDORS “L
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Ames and Gamlen 253
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TABLE 1 Third Street LRT Project Ra
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Ames and Gamlen 257 Condition Freig
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Ames and Gamlen 259 TABLE 2 Third S
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Ames and Gamlen 261 where the light
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Ames and Gamlen 263 Table 4 shows t
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Ames and Gamlen 265 CONCLUSION Impl
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Irwin 267 recommendations. TriMet
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Irwin 269 TRIMET STANDARDS TriMet h
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Irwin 271 FIGURE 2 Pedestrian warni
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Irwin 273 Channeling Figure 4 detai
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Irwin 275 FIGURE 5 Typical crossing
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Irwin 277 The disadvantages of swin
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Irwin 279 FIGURE 8 Standard detail
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Irwin 281 FIGURE 9 Audible or visua
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Irwin 283 . FIGURE 10 Audible or vi
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Irwin 285 In general, ODOT Rail dis
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Irwin 287 FIGURE 12 Pedestrian sigh
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CROSSINGS AND SHARED CORRIDORS Reso
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Ryan, Rabiner, and Trumbull 291 The
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Ryan, Rabiner, and Trumbull 293 FIG
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Ryan, Rabiner, and Trumbull 295 The
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Ryan, Rabiner, and Trumbull 297 FIG
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Ryan, Rabiner, and Trumbull 299 REF
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Sela, Resor, and Hickey 301 opportu
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Sela, Resor, and Hickey 303 TABLE 1
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City Atlanta Baltimore Operating Ag
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TABLE 2 (continued) Transit Systems
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Sela, Resor, and Hickey 309 Time Se
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Sela, Resor, and Hickey 311 Grade C
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Sela, Resor, and Hickey 313 records
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Sela, Resor, and Hickey 315 recomme
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CRITIQUES: HOW ARE WE DOING? Riders
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Polzin and Page 321 NTD ID TABLE 1
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Polzin and Page 323 35 30 Ridership
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Polzin and Page 325 As an indicatio
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D allas TX Denver CO 100 100 80 80
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Polzin and Page 329 Passengers per
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Polzin and Page 331 TABLE 3 Percent
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Polzin and Page 333 Figure 10 graph
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Polzin and Page 335 3500 Passenger
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Polzin and Page 337 productivity tr
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Cooper and Furmaniak 339 PROJECT OV
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Cooper and Furmaniak 341 less than
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Cooper and Furmaniak 343 substation
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Cooper and Furmaniak 345 120,000 10
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Cooper and Furmaniak 347 failures,
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Cooper and Furmaniak 349 creatively
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D CRITIQUES: HOW ARE WE DOING? Peak
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Demery and Higgins 353 The finding
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Demery and Higgins 355 TABLE 1 Regr
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Demery and Higgins 357 TABLE 3 Regr
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Demery and Higgins 359 have to be s
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Demery and Higgins 361 regularly ex
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Demery and Higgins 363 passengers (
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Demery and Higgins 365 92-ft (28-m)
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Demery and Higgins 367 NOTES 1. The
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Demery and Higgins 369 18. Moore, J
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M CRITIQUES: HOW ARE WE DOING? Ligh
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Henry 373 SUCCESS MEANS FAILURE? De
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Henry 375 trolley car” for their
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Henry 377 Cox’s claims appear to
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Henry 379 ATTACK ON SMART GROWTH AN
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Henry 381 But another question is r
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Henry 383 FIGURE 1 Average proporti
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Henry 385 REFERENCES 1. Layton, Lyn
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CIVIL DESIGN Design and Constructio
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Berliner, Campo, Dickerson, and Mac
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CIVIL DESIGN Floating Slab Trackbed
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Carman, Smoluchowski, and Berliner
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FIGURE 5 Plan view of NERL MOS-1 FS
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CIVIL DESIGN Fitting Light Rail Tra
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Emili, Spadaccino, Risoldi, Tuzi, a
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FIGURE 3 Aerial view of the constru
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FIGURE 6 Piazza Vittorio Emanuele u
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FIGURE 8 Vibration measurement resu
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FIGURE 11 Side and central precast
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T CIVIL DESIGN Embedded Track Desig
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FIGURE 1 Configuration 1: Rail full
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Daniels 441 Configuration 2: Rail o
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FIGURE 4 Idealizations for modeling
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Daniels 445 Results Available from
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Note: Fatigue life is calculated on
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35 Note: Fatigue life is calculated
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Daniels 451 Pressures: Rail Support
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12 10 Slab Pressure on Ground Suppo
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RAIL UPLIFT FORCE FROM THERMAL EFFE
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Daniels 457 SUMMARY Analysis of emb
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T CIVIL DESIGN Debate of At-Grade V
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Li and Tertadian 461 \ FIGURE 1 Exp
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Li and Tertadian 463 FIGURE 2 Exist
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Li and Tertadian 465 navigability.
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Li and Tertadian 467 being consider
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Li and Tertadian 469 TABLE 1 Estima
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474 Transportation Research Circula
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OPERATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS From
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Swiecick, Van Dyke, and O’Connor
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P OPERATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS Imp
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT Design-Build Con
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PORTLAND POSTER SESSION
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T PORTLAND POSTER SESSION Special P
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LIGHT RAIL ELECTRIFICATION
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LIGHT RAIL ELECTRIFICATION Operatio
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L LIGHT RAIL ELECTRIFICATION Built-
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T LIGHT RAIL ELECTRIFICATION One Br
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FIGURE 1 Light rail in Portland.
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FIGURE 2 Voltage profile.
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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2003
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Officers George F. Dixon, III, Chai
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APTA Officers and Board of Director
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The National Academy of Sciences is
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