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State of the media in Southern Africa 2002 How to report an attack on the media The Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) needs your assistance to compile accurate and detailed alerts on abuses of press freedom in the Southern African region. Alerts serve a very important function in the advocacy work of MISA. The ultimate aim of the alert is to spur people on to take action in the light of a particular violation. Apart from that, the alert serves the purpose of reporting and recording a specific event or incident, which either amounts to a violation of media freedom or freedom of expression, or significantly advances it. The alert is thus part of one of the most essential tools of advocacy - information. What to report: Journalists who are: ◗ Assaulted ◗ Arrested ◗ Censored ◗ Denied credentials ◗ Harassed ◗ Wounded ◗ Kidnapped ◗ Killed ◗ Missing ◗ Threatened ◗ Wrongfully expelled ◗ Wrongfully sued for libel or defamation News organisations that are: ◗ Attacked or illegally searched ◗ Censored ◗ Closed by force ◗ Raided, where editions are confiscated or transmissions are jammed. ◗ Materials confiscated or damaged ◗ Wrongfully sued for libel or defamation What to include in your report ◗ MISA needs accurate and detailed information about: ◗ Names of journalists and news organisations involved ◗ Date and circumstances of the incident ◗ Detailed background information Anyone with information about an attack on the media should call the Researcher at MISA by dialling +264 61 232975 or by sending e-mail to research@misa.org.na 2002 What happens with your information Depending on the case, MISA will: ◗ Investigate and confirm the report ◗ Pressure authorities to respond ◗ Notify human right groups and press organisations around the world, includ- 322 So This Is Democracy?
State of the media in Southern Africa 2002 ing IFEX, Article 19, Amnesty International, Reporters San Frontiers, Human Rights Watch and the International Federation of Journalists and ◗ Increase public awareness through the press ◗ Publish advisories to warn other journalists about potential dangers ◗ Send a fact-finding mission to investigate More about MISA alerts The alert is different to a media statement that the latter is more a reaction and comment on an incident, while an alert is simply a report about it. Where comment is included in an alert it is best reported as a quote. Action alerts also educate people about the nature of media freedom violations, leading to greater sensitivity to threats and violations, thus ensuring that more and more violations do not go unreported. MISA alerts are used as a source of information by media freedom organisations around the world and serve to augment important international reports and publications which in turn are used as advocacy tools or research documents. What types of incidents are reported in an action alert? 1. Direct violations against journalists’ right to operate or report freely - these include physical or verbal attacks or threats against journalists during the course of their work or as a result of their work; journalists being barred illegally from observing events or incidents or inspecting areas, journalists evicted or deported from a country because of their work, journalists imprisoned or detained and, journalists killed during the course of or as a result of their work. 2. Censorship - this is where media workers, institutions or activities are banned or blocked. Where this does happen always indicate who issued the ban, why and in terms of which laws the ban was issued (sometimes countries have more than one law which could be used to censor media). 3. Court cases - these are court cases involving the media or concerning issues which affect the media (e.g. a1995 case in Zimbabwe involving cell phone company Retrofit did not include the media but significantly advanced freedom of expression and required to be reported). Alerts are not normally issued for trials or cases which are in progress (unless something significant happens), the commencement and conclusion (judgement) are the most important to report (it requires however that the entire trial be monitored). Background information is very important in alerts relating to court cases e.g. where a newspaper is being sued ever an article, find out when the contentious article was published and give a brief idea of what the article said or reported. This helps to access whether a trial is reasonable and fair. In the case of a criminal trial, indicate exactly which law and sections thereof the journalist or media is being charged under. So This Is Democracy? 323
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REGIONAL OVERVIEW State of the medi
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ANGOLA State of the media in Southe
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NAMIBIA State of the media in South
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SOUTH AFRICA State of the media in
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SWAZILAND State of the media in Sou
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