[Dec 2007, Volume 4 Quarterly Issue] Pdf File size - The IIPM Think ...
[Dec 2007, Volume 4 Quarterly Issue] Pdf File size - The IIPM Think ...
[Dec 2007, Volume 4 Quarterly Issue] Pdf File size - The IIPM Think ...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
THE 'OTHER' INDIA<br />
wide gulf between policy formulation<br />
and its effective implementation from<br />
the grassroots level. Secondly, universal<br />
application of a single and uniform<br />
standard to the entire State without any<br />
proper understanding of rural agrarian<br />
set-up and prevalence of varied socioeconomic<br />
constraints, might have been<br />
responsible for results being not so<br />
encouraging and last but not the least,<br />
prolonged time taken in the settlement<br />
of legal issues and more often than not,<br />
results going in favor of the land owning<br />
class discouraged tenants to take<br />
recourse to various tenancy legislation.<br />
Thus, the foregoing analysis reveals that<br />
the prevalent inequitable property relationship,<br />
inherent legal loopholes with<br />
an attitude of protection to the so-called<br />
land owning class and unorganized behavior<br />
of tenants have reduced the reforms<br />
package to a near fallacious one.<br />
Despite all legislative measures undertaken<br />
by different State Governments<br />
to take care of the interest of the<br />
actual tiller of the soil from time to time,<br />
a lot remains yet to be achieved in this<br />
regard. With the provision of resumption<br />
of tenanted lands on the grounds<br />
of so-called “personal cultivation” being<br />
not defined clearly by many states, a lot<br />
of tenants were subjected to eviction on<br />
a large-scale basis. Further due to noneconomic<br />
holdings, many tenants after<br />
conferment of ownership rights either<br />
sold or mortgaged it. Protected tenant<br />
also leased out their lands to rich farmers<br />
for want of funds. A large number<br />
of tenants still remain out of the purview<br />
of the law for not being recorded<br />
for one reason or other. Thus, tenancy<br />
reform has not succeeded in achieving<br />
any great impact either in terms of reorienting<br />
the property relationship in<br />
favor of the tenants or elevating their<br />
socio-economic condition.<br />
Additional Notes<br />
1. All sums received by the proprietors<br />
in excess of the amount of rent specified<br />
in the contract would be considered<br />
as extortion and be repaid by<br />
the proprietors with a penalty of 200<br />
percent of the amount exhorted.<br />
Owing to the prevalent inequitable property relationships<br />
and inherent legal loopholes, tenancy reform has not<br />
succeeded in achieving any great impact, either in terms<br />
of reorienting the property relationship in favor of the tenants<br />
or elevating their socio-economic condition<br />
2. A Report on An Enquiry into the<br />
Working of Orissa Tenants’ Protection<br />
Act, 1948, and Orissa Tenants’<br />
Relief Act, 1955 in Five Districts<br />
of Orissa, 1970 by B. Mishra revealed<br />
that payment of rent receipt<br />
was not received by 80 percent of<br />
the tenants.<br />
References<br />
• AICC (All India Congress Committee)<br />
(1949), “Report of the Congress<br />
Agrarian Reforms Committee”, New<br />
Delhi.<br />
• Appu, P.S. (1996). “Land Reforms in<br />
India: A Survey of Policy, Legislation<br />
ad Implementation,” Vikas Publishing<br />
House, New Delhi.<br />
• Bhardwaj, K and P.K. Das (1975a).<br />
Tenurial Conditions and Modes of<br />
Exploitation:”A Study of Some Villages<br />
in Orissa,” EPW Annual Number,<br />
10:221-40, February; and P.K.Das<br />
(1975b). “Tenurial Conditions and<br />
Modes of Exploitation: A Study of<br />
Some Villages in Orissa; Further<br />
Notes,” EPW, Review of Agriculture<br />
10:A49-55, June.<br />
• Dash, Giridhari. (1989). <strong>The</strong><br />
Land Systems and Land Reforms<br />
in Orissa,Published by G.<br />
Dash, Cuttack<br />
• Jena, K.C. (1968). Land Revenue<br />
Administration in Orissa During<br />
19 th Century, S. Chand & Co,<br />
New Delhi.<br />
• Joshi, P.C. (1974). Land Reform and<br />
Agrarian Change in India and Pakistan<br />
Since 1947 : I, Journal of Peasant<br />
Studies 1 (2):164-85, January, II.1<br />
(3), April.<br />
• Mitra, A. (1981). Tenancy Reforms<br />
in Orissa, in M. Bose (ed). Land Reforms<br />
in Eastern India, Planning Forum,<br />
Jadavpur University.<br />
• Orissa Tenancy Act, 1913 & Rules<br />
with Notes and Latest Case Laws,<br />
ed. By A. Mohapatra, 1991-92.<br />
• Orissa Govt. (1987). Agricultural Statistics<br />
of Orissa, Directorate of Agriculture<br />
and Food Production.<br />
• Smith,Adam. (1969). <strong>The</strong> Wealth of<br />
Nations. Pelican Classics, (ed.) Andrew<br />
Skinner, reprint:1974<br />
• Swain,Mamata.(1999b). Agricultural<br />
Share Tenancy and Efficiency: Testing<br />
Alternative <strong>The</strong>ories with Micro<br />
Evidence from Orissa, IASSI, <strong>Quarterly</strong>,<br />
Vol.17.No.4. June 1999.<br />
188 THE <strong>IIPM</strong> THINK TANK