the mystical theology of valentin weigel - DataSpace at Princeton ...
the mystical theology of valentin weigel - DataSpace at Princeton ... the mystical theology of valentin weigel - DataSpace at Princeton ...
Theologie. 227 These are then followed by Dutch versions of three of the so-called Eckhartlegenden, elliptical fables featuring Meister Eckhart as a character. 228 All three little tales share a common structure, in which the learned Meister speaks with an unlearned layperson who, in the end, proves wiser than the Master. For instance, in “Meister Eckharts Tochter,” a “goede Suster” approaches the Porter of a cloister asking to speak to Meister Eckhart. When the Porter asks whose name he should announce, she responds that she is “geen [i.e. kein] Maeghdeken, noch geen Vrouw, noch geen Man, noch een Wijf, noch geene Weduwe, noch eene Jongh-vrouw, noch een Heer, noch eene Dienst-maegt, noch een Knecht.” 229 She explains her cryptic answer to the Porter’s simple question, mimicking Eckhart’s language of negative theology, saying that she is neither one thing nor the other, and then disappears (“en loope [i.e. laufe] daer heen”). 230 Eckhart returns to his students, declaring that he has met “den alder-loutersten demoedigsten mensch...dien ick oyt hebbe ghevonden naer [i.e. nach] mijn goet-duncken,” presenting her to his (male) students as exemplary. 231 227 Actually, Pfefferl notes that what is printed is not simply a translation of Weigel’s Bericht zur Deutschen Theologie, but rather a “grundlegende Umarbeitung” of Weigel’s work as it is translated. The first work, however, the Betrachtung des Lebens Christi, is a “wortgetreue Übersetzung.” Valentin Weigel, Schriften: Neue Edition, ed. Horst Pfefferl, Vol. 7 (Stuttgart, Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog, 2008), XVII. 228 Valentin Weigel, Van de Betrachtingh des Levens Christi: En, Hoe Christus tot onsen nut, moet gekent worden; Vervat in vijf Cappittelen; Noch is hier by ghevoeght de Korte Invleydinghe Tot de Duytsche Theologie, (Amsterdam: Pieter la Burgh, 1647). Actually, one of the three small works, “Die Frau von 21 Jahren,” is not considered one of the Eckhartlegenden per se, even though Kurt Ruh classifies it as being associated with that group of texts. For simplicity’s sake, I refer here to all three texts as Eckhartlegenden. 229 Weigel, Van de Betrachtingh, 107-108. I am citing the Dutch version of this legend from the volume containing Weigel’s work. 230 Ibid, 109. 231 Ibid, 109-110. Whether intentionally or not, the spatial structure suggested by the narrative is compelling, as it mimicks the path of procession (ûzgang) and return that Eckhart describes many times in his writings. 86
These role-reversal dialogues were common property of the German and Dutch Sprachgebiet and circulated as early as the fourteenth century. 232 It is not possible to say for certain how the editor of the volume came across the legends in the first place, as there is no single (extant) volume that includes all three texts, even though, separately, they are preserved in many manuscripts and printed books. “Meister Eckharts Tochter” was not printed in the early modern period, but does survive in two Dutch manuscripts, one from the 1451 and the other from 1592. The situation is the same for the “Frau von 21 Jahren,” where there is no early printed edition but three Dutch manuscripts, all from the fifteenth century. 233 The final Eckhartlegende, known as “Meister Eckhart und der arme Mensche,” appears in this text in a modified form, combining two separate but similar Legenden. 234 This form of the story is apparently found in two other Dutch manuscripts, as well as in another Tauler edition from 1543 (the so-called Kölner Taulerdruck), 235 so it is not possible to pinpoint the precise source for these texts in the 1648 Dutch Weigel edition. In any case, this is not to claim that the 1648 editor used specifically any of these manuscripts or printed books, but rather that the circulation of the stories in the Netherlands was widely attested at the time the book was published. 236 Further, Beyerland’s decision to publish Eckhart-related materials in the same volume as 232 Kurt Ruh, "Das Frauchen von 22 (21) Jahren," in Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters Verfasserlexikon, ed. Kurt Ruh, Vol. 2, (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1980), 858; Kurt Ruh, “Eckhartlegenden,” in Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters Verfasserlexikon, ed. Kurt Ruh, Vol. 2 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1980), 350. See also Sara S. Poor, “Women Teaching Men in the Medieval Devotional Imagination,” in Partners in Spirit: Women, Men, and Religious Life in Germany 1100-1500, eds. Fiona Griffiths and Julie Hotchin (Turnhout: Brepols, forthcoming November, 2013). 233 Ruh, “Frauchen,” 858. 234 The Handschriftencensus lists Königliche Bibl. Cod. 133 F22 in Den Haag as containing both the Eckhart Spruch (66) and Das Frauchen von 22 (21) Jahren. http://www.handschriftencensus.de/, accessed June, 2012. 235 Johannes Tauler, Des erleuchten D. Johannis Tauleri, von eym waren Euangelischen leben, Götliche Predig, Leren, Epistolen, Cantilenen, Prophetien (Köln: Jaspar von Gennep, 1543), cccxxxviii ra-va. 236 Fully documenting Weigel’s transmission into the Netherlands is obviously a much larger project than can be accomplished here, and would require a new round of archival research. 87
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These role-reversal dialogues were common property <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> German and Dutch<br />
Sprachgebiet and circul<strong>at</strong>ed as early as <strong>the</strong> fourteenth century. 232 It is not possible to say<br />
for certain how <strong>the</strong> editor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> volume came across <strong>the</strong> legends in <strong>the</strong> first place, as<br />
<strong>the</strong>re is no single (extant) volume th<strong>at</strong> includes all three texts, even though, separ<strong>at</strong>ely,<br />
<strong>the</strong>y are preserved in many manuscripts and printed books. “Meister Eckharts Tochter”<br />
was not printed in <strong>the</strong> early modern period, but does survive in two Dutch manuscripts,<br />
one from <strong>the</strong> 1451 and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r from 1592. The situ<strong>at</strong>ion is <strong>the</strong> same for <strong>the</strong> “Frau von<br />
21 Jahren,” where <strong>the</strong>re is no early printed edition but three Dutch manuscripts, all from<br />
<strong>the</strong> fifteenth century. 233 The final Eckhartlegende, known as “Meister Eckhart und der<br />
arme Mensche,” appears in this text in a modified form, combining two separ<strong>at</strong>e but<br />
similar Legenden. 234 This form <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> story is apparently found in two o<strong>the</strong>r Dutch<br />
manuscripts, as well as in ano<strong>the</strong>r Tauler edition from 1543 (<strong>the</strong> so-called Kölner<br />
Taulerdruck), 235 so it is not possible to pinpoint <strong>the</strong> precise source for <strong>the</strong>se texts in <strong>the</strong><br />
1648 Dutch Weigel edition. In any case, this is not to claim th<strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1648 editor used<br />
specifically any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se manuscripts or printed books, but ra<strong>the</strong>r th<strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> circul<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> stories in <strong>the</strong> Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands was widely <strong>at</strong>tested <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> time <strong>the</strong> book was published. 236<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>r, Beyerland’s decision to publish Eckhart-rel<strong>at</strong>ed m<strong>at</strong>erials in <strong>the</strong> same volume as<br />
232 Kurt Ruh, "Das Frauchen von 22 (21) Jahren," in Die deutsche Liter<strong>at</strong>ur des Mittelalters<br />
Verfasserlexikon, ed. Kurt Ruh, Vol. 2, (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1980), 858; Kurt Ruh,<br />
“Eckhartlegenden,” in Die deutsche Liter<strong>at</strong>ur des Mittelalters Verfasserlexikon, ed. Kurt Ruh, Vol. 2<br />
(Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1980), 350. See also Sara S. Poor, “Women Teaching Men in <strong>the</strong> Medieval<br />
Devotional Imagin<strong>at</strong>ion,” in Partners in Spirit: Women, Men, and Religious Life in Germany 1100-1500,<br />
eds. Fiona Griffiths and Julie Hotchin (Turnhout: Brepols, forthcoming November, 2013).<br />
233 Ruh, “Frauchen,” 858.<br />
234 The Handschriftencensus lists Königliche Bibl. Cod. 133 F22 in Den Haag as containing both <strong>the</strong><br />
Eckhart Spruch (66) and Das Frauchen von 22 (21) Jahren. http://www.handschriftencensus.de/, accessed<br />
June, 2012.<br />
235 Johannes Tauler, Des erleuchten D. Johannis Tauleri, von eym waren Euangelischen leben, Götliche<br />
Predig, Leren, Epistolen, Cantilenen, Prophetien (Köln: Jaspar von Gennep, 1543), cccxxxviii ra-va.<br />
236 Fully documenting Weigel’s transmission into <strong>the</strong> Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands is obviously a much larger project than<br />
can be accomplished here, and would require a new round <strong>of</strong> archival research.<br />
87