the mystical theology of valentin weigel - DataSpace at Princeton ...
the mystical theology of valentin weigel - DataSpace at Princeton ... the mystical theology of valentin weigel - DataSpace at Princeton ...
the Baptist exemplifies the specially chosen and graced layman (“Wer ist auch der nicht begerte in der heiligkeit zu scheinen, darinne Johannes der Teuffer scheinet?”). Alas, Lauterwalt reminds his readers that not everybody can be so lucky or so special as Paul and John the Baptist, and those to whom this special honour is not accorded must content themselves with the measure of grace that God does give them. 215 Although God desires that every soul be saved and blessed, God does not want all people to be Prophets and Apostles. 216 Lauterwalt’s second critique of Tauler’s view of justification (or rather, of those who misinterpret Tauler in order to claim a special illumination from God) centers on the role of God’s “outer word.” 217 Lauterwalt is suspicious of those who use Tauler’s talk of interiority to denigrate the potency of the outer word. Lacking faith that God’s word could cause salvation in the soul, they make the scandalous assumption that God must enter into us (“er müste denn (ach der lesterung) also in uns faren”). 218 He mocks this idea, asking whether they imagine salvation is like pouring wine into a cup. God is not our righteousness because God is a being in us, but rather because God causes righteousness to be in us (“Gott [heisse] unser Gerechtigkeit nicht darumb, das er ein wesen in uns ist, sondern darumb, das er in uns wircket Gerechtigkeit, das er nicht wircket in den ungleubigen”). Otherwise, Lauterwalt worries that even the unfaithful would be justified. In short, Lauterwalt worries that Tauler could be misinterpreted to say 215 “Also können wir nicht alle die hohen gaben haben, sondern wir sollen uns an denen genügen lassen, die uns Gott aus gnaden gibet.” Lauterwalt, 2. 216 Ibid, 3. 217 Though the exact meaning of the outer word was contested, the term generally refers to the message of the Gospels as found in the written words of Scripture or preached in Scripture-based sermons. 218 Ibid, 10. 80
that salvation can be attained through the union of Entzückung, rather than through the normal channels supervised by clerics. Whereas Lauterwalt grappled with Tauler’s ideas and explicitly set out the boundaries between an orthodox and heterodox reading of Tauler, the reading strategy of the second Wittenberg Tauler reader, the theologian Michael Neander (1525-1595), was to select the teachings from Tauler that conformed to orthodox Lutheran theology and simply ignored what did not fit, using the sermons as a spur to devotional meditation. This response to Tauler is documented in his Theologia Bernhardi ac Tauleri in illis Tenebris Pontificiijs singulari ac magno spiritu Monachorum (1581). 219 I discuss Neander’s work in this chapter because it was composed during Weigel’s lifetime (1581), only shortly after the period when Weigel himself was reading Eckhart and writing about Eckhart’s sermons—but written, however, by a theologian much more comfortable with orthodox Wittenberg theology, if his assistance in composing the Formula Concordiae is any indication of his inclinations. Although Weigel and Neander read the very same edition of Tauler and Eckhart sermons, their readings of these preachers were very different. That is, Neander’s work, by very selective quotation and some ingenious glossing, attempts to reduce as much as possible the theological distance between Luther and Tauler/Eckhart. Weigel, as we will see in Chapter 2, uses Eckhart’s ideas to achieve the opposite goal, to criticize Luther and the Lutheran church. That Neander was involved in writing the Konkordienbuch (a document that Weigel greatly disliked, as we saw in the introduction) suggests that reading mystical 219 Michael Neander, Theologia Bernhardi ac Tauleri in illis Tenebris Pontificiijs singulari ac magno spiritu Monachorum (Eisleben: Urbanus Gusius, 1581). There are no page numbers in this volume. 81
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th<strong>at</strong> salv<strong>at</strong>ion can be <strong>at</strong>tained through <strong>the</strong> union <strong>of</strong> Entzückung, ra<strong>the</strong>r than through <strong>the</strong><br />
normal channels supervised by clerics.<br />
Whereas Lauterwalt grappled with Tauler’s ideas and explicitly set out <strong>the</strong><br />
boundaries between an orthodox and heterodox reading <strong>of</strong> Tauler, <strong>the</strong> reading str<strong>at</strong>egy <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> second Wittenberg Tauler reader, <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>ologian Michael Neander (1525-1595), was<br />
to select <strong>the</strong> teachings from Tauler th<strong>at</strong> conformed to orthodox Lu<strong>the</strong>ran <strong>the</strong>ology and<br />
simply ignored wh<strong>at</strong> did not fit, using <strong>the</strong> sermons as a spur to devotional medit<strong>at</strong>ion.<br />
This response to Tauler is documented in his Theologia Bernhardi ac Tauleri in illis<br />
Tenebris Pontificiijs singulari ac magno spiritu Monachorum (1581). 219<br />
I discuss<br />
Neander’s work in this chapter because it was composed during Weigel’s lifetime (1581),<br />
only shortly after <strong>the</strong> period when Weigel himself was reading Eckhart and writing about<br />
Eckhart’s sermons—but written, however, by a <strong>the</strong>ologian much more comfortable with<br />
orthodox Wittenberg <strong>the</strong>ology, if his assistance in composing <strong>the</strong> Formula Concordiae is<br />
any indic<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> his inclin<strong>at</strong>ions. Although Weigel and Neander read <strong>the</strong> very same<br />
edition <strong>of</strong> Tauler and Eckhart sermons, <strong>the</strong>ir readings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se preachers were very<br />
different. Th<strong>at</strong> is, Neander’s work, by very selective quot<strong>at</strong>ion and some ingenious<br />
glossing, <strong>at</strong>tempts to reduce as much as possible <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>ological distance between Lu<strong>the</strong>r<br />
and Tauler/Eckhart. Weigel, as we will see in Chapter 2, uses Eckhart’s ideas to achieve<br />
<strong>the</strong> opposite goal, to criticize Lu<strong>the</strong>r and <strong>the</strong> Lu<strong>the</strong>ran church.<br />
Th<strong>at</strong> Neander was involved in writing <strong>the</strong> Konkordienbuch (a document th<strong>at</strong><br />
Weigel gre<strong>at</strong>ly disliked, as we saw in <strong>the</strong> introduction) suggests th<strong>at</strong> reading <strong>mystical</strong><br />
219 Michael Neander, Theologia Bernhardi ac Tauleri in illis Tenebris Pontificiijs singulari ac magno<br />
spiritu Monachorum (Eisleben: Urbanus Gusius, 1581). There are no page numbers in this volume.<br />
81