the mystical theology of valentin weigel - DataSpace at Princeton ...
the mystical theology of valentin weigel - DataSpace at Princeton ... the mystical theology of valentin weigel - DataSpace at Princeton ...
the Book of Life, and conversely the Book of Life must be the Word and therefore God. 117 Establishing God’s universal presence in all people (if God is everything, how could he not be in all people?) is the final move in Weigel’s unusual theology, allowing him to claim that each person carries his salvation within him—this “treasure” must be dug up, to be sure, but in principle nobody is denied the possibility of salvation, whether baptised or not. As we will see in Chapter 2, this treasure is unearthed when each person prevents her own cognitive faculties from standing in the way of God’s own knowledge. That is, every Christian should aspire to quiet his mind and senses completely, so that God can contemplate God’s own self in man. 118 By suppressing the individual knower entirely, Weigel can eliminate disagreement entirely because there is, on Weigel’s account, effectively only one knower—God himself. 119 Far from the Book of Life being the only criterion for true judgement, the Book rather does away with criteria altogether. But having found this Book, what kind of instruction does it contain for Weigel? Curiously, Weigel concludes that he need not change his behaviour at all: preaching is useless, but that he should continue preaching all the same, reading (physical) books is useless but he should continue reading, performing ceremonies is useless but he should continue performing them. 120 True believers, that is, should not let themselves be 117 Weigel, Griff, 92. “Gottes gesetze, gottes wort, gottes wille gottes same gottes sinn bildnis Christus geist finger, gottes reich etc. ein ding sey, und sey In allen Menschen.” This idea that God can be called by all names is omnipresent in Weigel’s work and we will encounter it many times in this dissertation, particularly in Chapters 2 and 4. 118 Ibid, 53. 119 Ibid, 49-50. 120 Weigel treats the topic of inaction in numerous places in his work, and this dissertation will deal with all of these texts, particularly in Chapters 2 and 4. Briefly, to offer one such statement here, Weigel writes: “Es seindt hin und her Lehrer heimblich, welche diesem Greuel der Verwustung ann der heiligen Stedte wol erkennen. Doch sitzen sie Beucht, bleiben in ihrem Stande, lauffen nicht dauon, tragen das Creutz geduldig nach dem eusern Menschen. Inwendig klagen sie es Gott und seindt nach dem inwendigen Menschen weder Priester noch Beuchtvater.” (“Ein Gespreche, wie ein Leyhe seinen Beuchtvatter uberzeuget, das der Priester an Gottes Stadt nicht Sunde vorgebe”, 90-91.) Weigel even seems to consider the Priest’s decision to believe in secret and not voice his true beliefs as a kind of devotional suffering—it is a Cross he must 42
provoked into action unnecessarily, since taking action only rarely brings about improvement: Luther’s attempts at reform, Weigel points out, did not amount to much in the end. 121 In the end, nobody is obliged to reform the church: “Es ist dir nicht bevholen, zu reformiren die Ketzer noch ein Neues auffzubringen, sondern in der Geduldt Jesu zu wandeln. Gott wird es wol richten zu seiner Zeit ohne dich.” 122 At first glance, this instruction does not seem to ask much more than the New Testament injunction to turn the other cheek, or even to depart from the Old Testament praise of a God who is slow to anger. However, on closer inspection, Weigel considers it necessary to speak up in only a very few circumstances—so few, in fact, that for all practical purposes, a Christian is entirely relieved of the obligation to witness and confess. That is, Weigel dutifully retains a superficial commitment to the well-established Christian tradition of the witnessing martyr/confessor, while at the same time whittling down the list of circumstances that threaten a person’s faith until he is left with a purely interior faith that is (or can be made) impervious to outer coercion. Such a faith need not be defended by worldly means or by force if threatened. For instance, in one sermon on the subject, Weigel boldly proclaims that in matters of faith, a Christian is not subject to any ruler except God. Should any ruler other than God require a Christian to do anything that goes against his faith, a Christian should be prepared to suffer and even die rather bear with his outer person so that his inner person might believe freely. As he writes, “Also erfullen sie [true Christians] das Gesetz Christi nach den innern Menschen in der Geduldt, in Gehorsam, in der Liebe” Valentin Weigel, Ein Gespreche, wie ein Leyhe seinen Beuchtvatter uberzeuget, das der Priester an Gottes Stadt nicht Sunde vorgebe in Sämtliche Schriften, ed. Winfried Zeller, Vol. 2, (Stuttgart: Friedrich Fromman Verlag, 1965). 121 “Denn ich vormögte kein bessers ann die Stadt zu setzen. Wie es denn dem Lutter ging, der fuhr herfür wieder dem Bapst, griff ahn den Ablaß, sties ihn umb, bracht aber kein bessers an die Stadt.” See also note 1, above, on the failure of the Reformation. Valentin Weigel, Von der Vergebung der Sünden oder vom Schlüssel der Kirche in Sämtliche Schriften, ed. Will-Erich Peudert and Winfried Zeller, Vol. II (Stuttgart: Friederich Fromman Verlag, 1964), 62. 122 Ibid. 43
- Page 1 and 2: MYSTICISM & CONFESSIONAL CONFLICT I
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<strong>the</strong> Book <strong>of</strong> Life, and conversely <strong>the</strong> Book <strong>of</strong> Life must be <strong>the</strong> Word and <strong>the</strong>refore<br />
God. 117 Establishing God’s universal presence in all people (if God is everything, how<br />
could he not be in all people?) is <strong>the</strong> final move in Weigel’s unusual <strong>the</strong>ology, allowing<br />
him to claim th<strong>at</strong> each person carries his salv<strong>at</strong>ion within him—this “treasure” must be<br />
dug up, to be sure, but in principle nobody is denied <strong>the</strong> possibility <strong>of</strong> salv<strong>at</strong>ion, whe<strong>the</strong>r<br />
baptised or not. As we will see in Chapter 2, this treasure is unear<strong>the</strong>d when each person<br />
prevents her own cognitive faculties from standing in <strong>the</strong> way <strong>of</strong> God’s own knowledge.<br />
Th<strong>at</strong> is, every Christian should aspire to quiet his mind and senses completely, so th<strong>at</strong><br />
God can contempl<strong>at</strong>e God’s own self in man. 118 By suppressing <strong>the</strong> individual knower<br />
entirely, Weigel can elimin<strong>at</strong>e disagreement entirely because <strong>the</strong>re is, on Weigel’s<br />
account, effectively only one knower—God himself. 119 Far from <strong>the</strong> Book <strong>of</strong> Life being<br />
<strong>the</strong> only criterion for true judgement, <strong>the</strong> Book ra<strong>the</strong>r does away with criteria altoge<strong>the</strong>r.<br />
But having found this Book, wh<strong>at</strong> kind <strong>of</strong> instruction does it contain for Weigel?<br />
Curiously, Weigel concludes th<strong>at</strong> he need not change his behaviour <strong>at</strong> all: preaching is<br />
useless, but th<strong>at</strong> he should continue preaching all <strong>the</strong> same, reading (physical) books is<br />
useless but he should continue reading, performing ceremonies is useless but he should<br />
continue performing <strong>the</strong>m. 120 True believers, th<strong>at</strong> is, should not let <strong>the</strong>mselves be<br />
117 Weigel, Griff, 92. “Gottes gesetze, gottes wort, gottes wille gottes same gottes sinn bildnis Christus geist<br />
finger, gottes reich etc. ein ding sey, und sey In allen Menschen.” This idea th<strong>at</strong> God can be called by all<br />
names is omnipresent in Weigel’s work and we will encounter it many times in this dissert<strong>at</strong>ion,<br />
particularly in Chapters 2 and 4.<br />
118 Ibid, 53.<br />
119 Ibid, 49-50.<br />
120 Weigel tre<strong>at</strong>s <strong>the</strong> topic <strong>of</strong> inaction in numerous places in his work, and this dissert<strong>at</strong>ion will deal with all<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se texts, particularly in Chapters 2 and 4. Briefly, to <strong>of</strong>fer one such st<strong>at</strong>ement here, Weigel writes: “Es<br />
seindt hin und her Lehrer heimblich, welche diesem Greuel der Verwustung ann der heiligen Stedte wol<br />
erkennen. Doch sitzen sie Beucht, bleiben in ihrem Stande, lauffen nicht dauon, tragen das Creutz geduldig<br />
nach dem eusern Menschen. Inwendig klagen sie es Gott und seindt nach dem inwendigen Menschen<br />
weder Priester noch Beuchtv<strong>at</strong>er.” (“Ein Gespreche, wie ein Leyhe seinen Beuchtv<strong>at</strong>ter uberzeuget, das der<br />
Priester an Gottes Stadt nicht Sunde vorgebe”, 90-91.) Weigel even seems to consider <strong>the</strong> Priest’s decision<br />
to believe in secret and not voice his true beliefs as a kind <strong>of</strong> devotional suffering—it is a Cross he must<br />
42