the mystical theology of valentin weigel - DataSpace at Princeton ...
the mystical theology of valentin weigel - DataSpace at Princeton ... the mystical theology of valentin weigel - DataSpace at Princeton ...
this spirit of unwelcome insubordination and a suitable offering to the head of the Roman Church (“Donum Papa dignum” 486 ). Whereas Cochlaeus believed the Constitutions to be a genuine work (or at least gave no indication in his prefatory dedication to Pope Paul that there were any doubts to be had), Cochlaeus acknowledges that his schismatic opponents claim the document is a forgery (“confictam”), but attempts a form of damage control in putting together the compilation. Cochlaeus declares that the doubters are wrong, but he hopes to strengthen his case for the authenticity of the Constitutions by showing its continuity with other Apostolic writings (“adiungere ei quaedam ex antiquißimis Apostolorum discipulis testimonia, his Apostolorum constitutionibus conformia”) by appending excerpts from Dionysius and two other Apostolic authors, Polycarp and Ignatius. The grouping of those three figures is not an unusual one, since many printed editions of Dionysius included the letters of Polycarp and Ignatius. Unfortunately, in an irony that Valla, Erasmus and Luther might all have relished, Cochlaeus’ text in fact offers up three inauthentic documents to the Pope himself under the cover of a text that claimed to adduce venerable apostolic writings meant to strengthen the Pope’s natural and necessary authority: both the Constitutions and the Dionysian writings were produced by later authors posing as Apostolic ones, and the letter of Ignatius that Cochlaeus picked happens to be inauthentic as well. 487 Nevertheless, Cochlaeus considers his compilation to be timely—appearing as 486 Cochlaeus, 4v. 487 Ignatius did write letters, but not all of them are genuine, on the basis that they were not cited by others until 6 th century. It is not known who wrote the spurious letters, or when. Rev. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, The Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to A.D. 325, ed. A. Cleveland Coxe, Vol. 1 (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1985). When the first Greek edition was published in 1557, doubts were raised about the authenticity of the letters, but it was only the publication of the 1623 edition of the letters that definitely declared some of the letters to be spurious (105). For the letter exerpted by Cochlaeus, “there is an enumeration of various Church officers, who were 178
it does during the Council of Trent (“in qua praecipue & de salutari ac necessaria Reformation & de uariarum haeresum extirpatione tractandum est”) and believes that the work could show the right path (“omnia bona uiam ostendere”). 488 The Dionysius passages that Cochlaeus chooses are, indeed, in tune with the Constitutions. In one passage taken from the Ecclesiastical Hierarchy, Dionysius praises order and hierarchy itself, which “entirely reject[s] and exclude[s] the disordered, the unregulated, and the confused; and, at the same time, choose[s] and manifest[s] the regulated and ordered, and well-established.” In Cochlaeus’ compilation, this particular sentence is highlighted by a marginal note (“sacerdotium omne inordinatum et confusum arcet a se”). 489 Cochlaeus also includes most of the letter to the monk Demophilus discussed earlier in this chapter, in which Dionysius reprimands the monk for insulting his superior and acting above his station. 490 And as in the Constitutions, Dionysius threatens the disobedient with dire consequences, referring again to the priest Uzziah (called Ozias here), who was stricken with leprosy for daring to offer a sacrifice without using a priest as intermediary. 491 To prove that schismatics such as the Lutherans are punished not only with leprosy but even with death, Cochlaeus appends to the compilation two contemporary examples on the subject of how Protestantism leads straight to disorder and chaos. The final text in the compilation is from his own biography of Martin Luther 492 detailing certainly unknown at the period when Ignatius lived” (106). The letter itself is on pages 110-112. Polycarp’s letter is believed to be genuine. Ibid, 31. 488 Cochlaeus, 2r. 489 Johannes Cochlaeus, Epitome Apostolicarum Constitutionum, In Creta Insula, per Carolum Capellium Venetum reperatarum, & e Greco in Latinum translatum (Ingolstadt: Alexander Weissenhorn, 1546), 11v. 490 The passage is in Letter 8, and the reference to Uzziah is found at 1089B-1089C of that letter. 491 Cochlaeus, 13v. 492 Recorded contemporaneously over the first twenty-five years of the Reformation by Luther’s lifelong antagonist Johannes Cochlaeus, the Comentaria de Actis et Scriptis Martini Lutheri was published in Latin 179
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it does during <strong>the</strong> Council <strong>of</strong> Trent (“in qua praecipue & de salutari ac necessaria<br />
Reform<strong>at</strong>ion & de uariarum haeresum extirp<strong>at</strong>ione tractandum est”) and believes th<strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
work could show <strong>the</strong> right p<strong>at</strong>h (“omnia bona uiam ostendere”). 488<br />
The Dionysius passages th<strong>at</strong> Cochlaeus chooses are, indeed, in tune with <strong>the</strong><br />
Constitutions. In one passage taken from <strong>the</strong> Ecclesiastical Hierarchy, Dionysius praises<br />
order and hierarchy itself, which “entirely reject[s] and exclude[s] <strong>the</strong> disordered, <strong>the</strong><br />
unregul<strong>at</strong>ed, and <strong>the</strong> confused; and, <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> same time, choose[s] and manifest[s] <strong>the</strong><br />
regul<strong>at</strong>ed and ordered, and well-established.” In Cochlaeus’ compil<strong>at</strong>ion, this particular<br />
sentence is highlighted by a marginal note (“sacerdotium omne inordin<strong>at</strong>um et confusum<br />
arcet a se”). 489 Cochlaeus also includes most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> letter to <strong>the</strong> monk Demophilus<br />
discussed earlier in this chapter, in which Dionysius reprimands <strong>the</strong> monk for insulting<br />
his superior and acting above his st<strong>at</strong>ion. 490 And as in <strong>the</strong> Constitutions, Dionysius<br />
thre<strong>at</strong>ens <strong>the</strong> disobedient with dire consequences, referring again to <strong>the</strong> priest Uzziah<br />
(called Ozias here), who was stricken with leprosy for daring to <strong>of</strong>fer a sacrifice without<br />
using a priest as intermediary. 491<br />
To prove th<strong>at</strong> schism<strong>at</strong>ics such as <strong>the</strong> Lu<strong>the</strong>rans are punished not only with<br />
leprosy but even with de<strong>at</strong>h, Cochlaeus appends to <strong>the</strong> compil<strong>at</strong>ion two contemporary<br />
examples on <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> how Protestantism leads straight to disorder and chaos. The<br />
final text in <strong>the</strong> compil<strong>at</strong>ion is from his own biography <strong>of</strong> Martin Lu<strong>the</strong>r 492 detailing<br />
certainly unknown <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> period when Ign<strong>at</strong>ius lived” (106). The letter itself is on pages 110-112.<br />
Polycarp’s letter is believed to be genuine. Ibid, 31.<br />
488 Cochlaeus, 2r.<br />
489 Johannes Cochlaeus, Epitome Apostolicarum Constitutionum, In Creta Insula, per Carolum Capellium<br />
Venetum reper<strong>at</strong>arum, & e Greco in L<strong>at</strong>inum transl<strong>at</strong>um (Ingolstadt: Alexander Weissenhorn, 1546), 11v.<br />
490 The passage is in Letter 8, and <strong>the</strong> reference to Uzziah is found <strong>at</strong> 1089B-1089C <strong>of</strong> th<strong>at</strong> letter.<br />
491 Cochlaeus, 13v.<br />
492 Recorded contemporaneously over <strong>the</strong> first twenty-five years <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Reform<strong>at</strong>ion by Lu<strong>the</strong>r’s lifelong<br />
antagonist Johannes Cochlaeus, <strong>the</strong> Comentaria de Actis et Scriptis Martini Lu<strong>the</strong>ri was published in L<strong>at</strong>in<br />
179