1 1.10 Application of estuarine and coastal classifications in marine ...

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Tyler-Walters, H., Jackson, A. 1999. Assessing seabed species and ecosystems sensitivities. Rationale and user guide, June 2000 edition. Report to the Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions from the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN). Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth. Tyler-Walters, H., Rogers, S.I., Marshall, C.E., Hiscock, K. 2009. A method to assess the sensitivity of sedimentary communities to fishing activities. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19, 285-300. Wedding, L., Lepczyk, C., Pittman, S.J., Friedlander, A., Jorgensen, S. (in press) Quantifying seascape structure: Extending terrestrial spatial pattern metrics to the marine realm. Marine Ecology Progress Series. WWF/Conservation Law Foundation. 2006. Marine ecosystem Conservation for New England and maritime Canada: A science-based approach to identifying priority areas for conservation. http://www.clf.org/work/OC/oceanconservationareas/docs/CLF_WWF_2006.pdf Zacharias, M.A., Howes, D.E., Harper, J.R., Wainwright, P. 1998. The development and verification of a marine ecological classification: A case study in the Pacific marine region of Canada. Coastal Management 26(2), 105-124. Zacharias, M.A. Gregr, E. J. 2005. Sensitivity and Vulnerability in Marine Environments: an Approach to Identifying Vulnerable Marine Area. Conservation Biology 19(1), 86-97. Zitello, A.G., Bauer, L.J., Battista, T.A., Mueller, P.W., Kendall, M.S., Monaco, M.E. 2009. Shallow-Water Benthic Habitats of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 96. Silver Spring, MD. 53 pp. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/ecosystems/coralreef/benthic_usvi.html 92
FIGURE LEGENDS Figure 1. A) Classes of topographic complexity calculated from 4m resolution bathymetry collected by an airborne laser using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). B) Average fish species richness from underwater surveys grouped for each class of topographic complexity. Figure 2. (A) Combined benthic and pelagic seascapes of the Scotian Shelf. (B) Seascape heterogeneity of combined pelagic and benthic seascapes. Intensity of color increases with number of unique seascapes quantified within a sliding window of 18 km radius that passes over the entire pelagic-benthic seascape map (adapted from Roff et al. 2003). Figure 3. A.) Topographic classification based on topographic and bed-form features, B.) Coastal physiographic classification based on major coastal features (estuaries, lagoons, sounds, bays, archipelago, and fjords) identified by coastline, bathymetry and salinity (figures adapted from Al-Hamdani and Reker 2007). Figure 4. Map showing five classes of habitat heterogeneity at a 1 x 1 km grid for the Archipelago Sea region of the Baltic Sea based on summed values of classes based on variability of wave exposure, depth classes and ratio of shallow water, proximity to land and shoreline complexity (reproduced with permission from Snickars and Pitkänen 2007. Figure 5. Sample of output from the habitat mapping component of the online NRM Reporting module illustrating the presence and absence of seagrass-dominated habitats at: (a) the national 93
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1.10 Application of estuarine and c
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SYNOPSIS Coastal and marine classif
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government and non-governmental man
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paucity of species and habitat data
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and many sub-catastrophic disturban
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conservation practitioners, industr
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levels of the hierarchy are defined
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distributions, both within and surr
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In a hierarchical framework for the
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1.10.2.3 Australian Coastal Classif
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Ecological theory predicts that the
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outbreaks in the late 1970s (Green
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intertidal zones, and shallow coast
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1.10.3.1 Identifying Priority Conse
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y the Massachusetts Oceans Act (200
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eight color coded zones to provide
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appropriate place to investigate fe
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1.10.4.3 Massachusetts Ocean Plan T
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One of the foundational concepts un
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ecosystems has shown that considera
Page 41 and 42: In May 2004, Germany was the first
Page 43 and 44: improve the design and interpretati
Page 45 and 46: NOAA’s CoastWatch Change Analysis
Page 47 and 48: ground resolution of 30 m. Each cla
Page 49 and 50: also be used to assess the role of
Page 51 and 52: States (Gundlach and Hayes 1978). T
Page 53 and 54: information at the species level. I
Page 55 and 56: 1.10.8.4 Classifying and Mapping Hu
Page 57 and 58: map of the entire Australian shorel
Page 59 and 60: within 11 regions, leading to an ov
Page 61 and 62: enhancement of certain functions in
Page 63 and 64: achieved by identifying barriers to
Page 65 and 66: ecosystem service values extracted
Page 67 and 68: 1.10.12 FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND PRIOR
Page 69 and 70: 1.10.12.1 Linking Patterns and Proc
Page 71 and 72: approach. New classifications will
Page 73 and 74: Arundel, H. and Mount, R. 2007. Nat
Page 75 and 76: Connell, J. H. 1978. Diversity in t
Page 77 and 78: Duke. N.C., Meynecke, J.O., Dittman
Page 79 and 80: Green, A.L., C.E. Birkeland, R.H. R
Page 81 and 82: Hiddink, J. G., Jennings, S., Kaise
Page 83 and 84: Kostylev, V., Todd, B.J., Fader, G.
Page 85 and 86: Maxwell, D.L., Stelzenmüller, V.,
Page 87 and 88: Spatial and temporal patterns in fi
Page 89 and 90: Sharples, C. 2006. Indicative Mappi
Page 91: Wells, S., Ravilous, C., Corcoran,
Page 95 and 96: Figure 10. Ecological evaluation in
Page 97 and 98: Figure 21. Combining 'intolerance'
Page 99 and 100: selected planning units in gray ins
Page 101 and 102: Box 2. Classifications as thematic
Page 103 and 104: Figure 1. 1
Page 117 and 118: Figure 15. Fishing effort (hrs/day)
Page 121 and 122: Figure 19. 100% Conversion. 80% 60%
Page 135: Figure 33. 33
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