1 1.10 Application of estuarine and coastal classifications in marine ...
1 1.10 Application of estuarine and coastal classifications in marine ...
1 1.10 Application of estuarine and coastal classifications in marine ...
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<strong>and</strong> many sub-catastrophic disturbances at temporal scales that are markedly f<strong>in</strong>er than those<br />
<strong>in</strong>tervals that typically exist for the updat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> maps.<br />
<strong>1.10</strong>.1.2 Utility <strong>of</strong> Hierarchical Classification Schemes<br />
In many cases, hierarchical classification schemes have been developed to add more<br />
flexibility for the user, particularly when manipulated <strong>in</strong> a GIS, thereby facilitat<strong>in</strong>g the utility for<br />
both management applications <strong>and</strong> ecological applications. For example, the British Columbia<br />
Mar<strong>in</strong>e Ecological Classification <strong>in</strong>cludes Ecozone (e.g., Pacific) as the broadest level <strong>in</strong> the<br />
hierarchy, then nested at progressively f<strong>in</strong>er thematic resolution are the Ecoprov<strong>in</strong>ce (e.g.,<br />
Pacific shelf <strong>and</strong> mounta<strong>in</strong>s); Ecoregion (e.g., Outer Pacific Mar<strong>in</strong>e Shelf); Ecosection (e.g.,<br />
Queen Charlotte Sound) <strong>and</strong> f<strong>in</strong>ally the Ecounit, based on data for wave exposure, depth,<br />
subsurface relief, currents <strong>and</strong> substrate type (Zacharias et al. 1998). This hierarchical structure is<br />
important because ecological patterns <strong>and</strong> processes are multi-scale <strong>and</strong> management actions<br />
occur across a hierarchy <strong>of</strong> spatial scales (Wiens 2000). R<strong>of</strong>f et al. (2003) provided five<br />
important considerations for the development <strong>of</strong> a generalized hierarchical habitat classification<br />
scheme: 1.) the availability <strong>of</strong> data capable <strong>of</strong> discrim<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g mean<strong>in</strong>gful habitat classes; 2.)<br />
redundancy <strong>in</strong> discrim<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g variables may occur <strong>and</strong> surrogates can be identified; 3.)<br />
discrim<strong>in</strong>atory function <strong>of</strong> variables may be scale dependent (i.e., sal<strong>in</strong>ity may work well at one<br />
level but not another), 4.) habitat types at upper levels <strong>of</strong> the hierarchy should be more dist<strong>in</strong>ct<br />
from one another than those at lower levels, <strong>and</strong> 5.) the importance <strong>of</strong> discrim<strong>in</strong>atory variables<br />
may vary geographically (i.e., East Pacific variables may not all be applicable to the west<br />
Atlantic) (see also R<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> Taylor 2000).<br />
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