1 1.10 Application of estuarine and coastal classifications in marine ...

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perfect zoological division of the earth is possible. The causes that have led to the present distribution of animal life are so varied, their action and reaction have been so complex, that anomalies and irregularities are sure to exist which will mar the symmetry of any rigid system”. Acknowledgements We thank the editors of this Treatise for inviting this contribution. We are grateful to the progressive work of government agencies around the world for providing such a wealth of examples from which to demonstrate the applications of coastal and marine classifications. We thank the many people who have provided permission for us to present their products in our chapter. References Al-Hamdani, Z.K., and Reker, J. (eds.). 2007. Towards marine landscapes in the Baltic Sea. BALANCE interim report 10, 116 pp. http://balance-eu.org/ Al-Hamdani, Z.K., Reker, J., Leth, J.O., Reijonen, A., Kotilainen, A.T., Dinesen, G.E. 2007. Development of marine landscape maps for the Baltic Sea and the Kattegat using geophysical and hydrographical parameters. Review of Survey activities 2006. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 13, 61-64. Alongi, D.M. 2008. Mangrove forests: Resilience, protection from tsunamis and responses to global climate change. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 76(1), 1-13. 72
Arundel, H. and Mount, R. 2007. National Estuarine Environmental Condition Assessment Framework Round Table Report, Deakin University and University of Tasmania, prepared for the National Land & Water Resources Audit, Canberra, 55 pp. Ball, I.R., Possingham, H.P. 2000. MARXAN (V1.8.2): Marine Reserve Design Using Spatially Explicit Annealing, a manual prepared for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. http://www.uq.edu.au/marxan/docs/marxan_manual_1_8_2.pdf, 70 pp. Barras, J., Beville, S., Britsch, D., Hartley, S., Hawes, S., Johnston, J., Kemp, P., Kinler, Q., Martucci, A., Porthouse, J., Reed, D., Roy, K., Sapkota, S., Suhayda, J. 2003. Historical and projected coastal Louisiana land changes: 1978-2050: USGS Open File Report 03-334, 39 p. (Revised January 2004). Barbier, E.P., Koch, E.W., Silliman, B.R., Hacker, S.D., Wolanski, E., Primavera, J.H., Granek, E.F., Polasky, S., Aswani, S., Cramer, L.A., Stoms, D.M., Kennedy, C.J., Bael, D., Kappel, C.V., Perillo, G. M. E., Reed, D.J. 2008. Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values. Science 320, 321-323. Beaumont, N.J., Austen, M.C., Atkins, J., Burdon, D., Degraer, S. Dentinho, T.P., Derous, S., Holm, P., Horton, T., vanIerland, E., Marboe, A.H., Starkey, D.J., Townsend, M., Zarzycki, T., 2007. Identification, definition and quantification of goods and services provided by marine biodiversity: Implications for the ecosystem approach. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54, 253–265. Birch, G. F., Olmos, M. 2008. Sediment-bound heavy metals as indicators of human influence and biological risk in coastal water bodies. Journal of Marine Science 65, 1407-1413. Boyes, S., Elliott, M., Thomson, S.M., Atkins, S., Gilliland, P. 2007. A proposed multiple-use zoning scheme for the Irish Sea. An interpretation of current legislation through the use of GIS based zoning approaches and effectiveness for the protection of nature conservation interests. Marine Policy 31, 287-298. 73
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1.10 Application of estuarine and c
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SYNOPSIS Coastal and marine classif
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government and non-governmental man
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paucity of species and habitat data
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and many sub-catastrophic disturban
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conservation practitioners, industr
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levels of the hierarchy are defined
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distributions, both within and surr
Page 17 and 18:
In a hierarchical framework for the
Page 19 and 20:
1.10.2.3 Australian Coastal Classif
Page 21 and 22: Ecological theory predicts that the
Page 23 and 24: outbreaks in the late 1970s (Green
Page 25 and 26: intertidal zones, and shallow coast
Page 27 and 28: 1.10.3.1 Identifying Priority Conse
Page 29 and 30: y the Massachusetts Oceans Act (200
Page 31 and 32: eight color coded zones to provide
Page 33 and 34: appropriate place to investigate fe
Page 35 and 36: 1.10.4.3 Massachusetts Ocean Plan T
Page 37 and 38: One of the foundational concepts un
Page 39 and 40: ecosystems has shown that considera
Page 41 and 42: In May 2004, Germany was the first
Page 43 and 44: improve the design and interpretati
Page 45 and 46: NOAA’s CoastWatch Change Analysis
Page 47 and 48: ground resolution of 30 m. Each cla
Page 49 and 50: also be used to assess the role of
Page 51 and 52: States (Gundlach and Hayes 1978). T
Page 53 and 54: information at the species level. I
Page 55 and 56: 1.10.8.4 Classifying and Mapping Hu
Page 57 and 58: map of the entire Australian shorel
Page 59 and 60: within 11 regions, leading to an ov
Page 61 and 62: enhancement of certain functions in
Page 63 and 64: achieved by identifying barriers to
Page 65 and 66: ecosystem service values extracted
Page 67 and 68: 1.10.12 FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND PRIOR
Page 69 and 70: 1.10.12.1 Linking Patterns and Proc
Page 71: approach. New classifications will
Page 75 and 76: Connell, J. H. 1978. Diversity in t
Page 77 and 78: Duke. N.C., Meynecke, J.O., Dittman
Page 79 and 80: Green, A.L., C.E. Birkeland, R.H. R
Page 81 and 82: Hiddink, J. G., Jennings, S., Kaise
Page 83 and 84: Kostylev, V., Todd, B.J., Fader, G.
Page 85 and 86: Maxwell, D.L., Stelzenmüller, V.,
Page 87 and 88: Spatial and temporal patterns in fi
Page 89 and 90: Sharples, C. 2006. Indicative Mappi
Page 91 and 92: Wells, S., Ravilous, C., Corcoran,
Page 93 and 94: FIGURE LEGENDS Figure 1. A) Classes
Page 95 and 96: Figure 10. Ecological evaluation in
Page 97 and 98: Figure 21. Combining 'intolerance'
Page 99 and 100: selected planning units in gray ins
Page 101 and 102: Box 2. Classifications as thematic
Page 103 and 104: Figure 1. 1
Page 117 and 118: Figure 15. Fishing effort (hrs/day)
Page 121 and 122: Figure 19. 100% Conversion. 80% 60%
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Figure 21. 21
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Figure 23. 23
Page 127 and 128:
Figure 25. 25
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Figure 27. 27
Page 131 and 132:
Figure 29. 29
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 31. 31
Page 135:
Figure 33. 33
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