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secondary emission is that of nitrosamines, the formation of which has been
observed in biofilters. (Greenpeace, 2003)
Organic Materials (TOC)
A summary of the concentrations of some pollutants was given by (Fricke et al.,
1997) These data were obtained <strong>and</strong> combined with data from 5 other cases. For
all the investigated elements/compounds, the highest discharges were
established within the first 14 days (the maximum values of the individual
substances are in brackets):
- Aldehyde: maximum value > 100 mg/m3 (Acetone: 140 mg/m 3 ; 2-butanone: 55
mg/m 3 )
- Terpenes: maximum values > 50 mg/m 3 (Limonene: 56 mg/m 3 ; π-Pinene: 14
mg/m3; ß-Pinene: 6.4 mg/m3)
- Aromatics: maximum values > 30 mg/m 3 (m-, p-xylene: 38 mg/m 3 ; ethyl
benzene: 13 mg/m 3 ; toluene: 11.5 mg/m 3 ; o-xylene: 10 mg/m 3 ; styrene: 5.9
mg/m 3 ; benzene: 0.3 mg/m 3
- Acetates: maximum values > 30 mg/m 3 (ethyl acetate: 32 mg/m 3 )
- Alkanes: maximum values: > 10 mg/m 3 (nonane: 12 mg/m 3 ; decane: 43 mg/m3)
- CFCs: maximum values: > 1 mg/m3 (R11: 3.1 mg/m3; R12: 1.7 mg/m3)
- Alphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons: maximum values: > 1 mg/m3
(tetrachlorethene: 2.7 mg/m3; trichlorethene: 1.38 mg/m3), evidence of di- <strong>and</strong>
trichloromethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1-dichlorethene. (Greenpeace, 2003)
The above figures represent maximum values in the crude gas. There still
appear to be gaps in knowledge concerning the emissions of Total Organic
Carbon <strong>and</strong> the emissions values for individual materials.
Methane (CH4)
It is not yet certain whether the non methane content (NMVOC) will need to
be recorded within a VOC limit. In the event of such regulations, compliance
could be achieved relatively easily using optimized washer/biofilter systems. A
calculation of the methane (which from the human toxicological point of view
is irrelevant as a trace element), would also lie within the logic of TA Luft
(effect orientation). Methane is a potent greenhouse gas. Life cycle assessment
calculations show that the methane concentrations of from 1,000 to >50,000
mg/m3, which are possible with open-air composting, or housed-in systems
which are insufficiently supplied with oxygen (or with waterlogging in the
biofilters), would have a formative influence on the results <strong>and</strong> exclude the
equivalence of the measures.
CFCs
Indicator substances here are, as expected, the frequently used old CFCs, R11
<strong>and</strong> R12. Life cycle assessment calculations have indicated that emissions on
this scale have a noticeable influence on the total result for the greenhouse
effect <strong>and</strong> potential ozone depletion effect categories. Within the framework of