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73 Figure 22.: Andritz drum drying system (Krebs et.al.,2007) A dosing device feeds dewatered sludge to a mixer, where it is mixed into sludge that has already been dried. This produces material which is no longer sticky ong>andong> also creates a moist granule mixture. This mixture is brought to the drum inlet ong>andong> dried to 95% d.s. by hot air in the triple pass rotating drum. Since this material is retained in the drum for 20 minutes ong>andong> reaches a temperature of 80 to 85°C, the granulate produced meets all the hygienic requirements. The finer product (
74 material, ong>andong> the gravitational force within a confined volume. In the interaction, the drag force ong>andong> the gravitational force are exerted in different directions upon the particles. The result is that waste particles that have a large drag to- weight ratio are suspended in the air stream, whereas components that have a small ratio tend to settle out of the air stream. The suspended fraction conventionally is referred to as the “air-classified light fraction” ong>andong> the settled fraction is termed “air classified heavy fraction”. The confined volume in which the separation takes place is called an “air classifier”. (Tchobanoglous ong>andong> Kreith, 2002) In air classification of shredded mixed MSW, the paper ong>andong> plastic materials tend to be concentrated in the light fraction, ong>andong> metals ong>andong> glass are the principal components of the heavy fraction. Since the density of a material (e.g., paper) is not the only characteristic of a particle that affects the air classification process, fine glass particles, by virtue of their high drag-to-weight ratio, may appear in the light fraction. On the other hong>andong>, flat, unshredded milk cartons or wet cardboard may appear in the heavy fraction. Moisture affects the separation of the various components, as a result of its influence on the density of a material. The influence can be particularly pronounced in the case of paper where its density can approach that of typically denser components, such as food waste that normally would report to the heavy fraction. Air classifiers may be one of a number of designs. All three require dust collection, blower, separator, ong>andong> control facilities. (Wastesum.,2010) The velocity of the air stream required to lift a particle in a vertical column (e.g., a vertical air classifier) must exceed a minimum value, termed the floating (or terminal) velocity. The floating velocity is a function of a number of parameters. The influence of the parameters on the floating velocity is illustrated in (Table 6.) for a variety of waste components. (Tchobanoglous ong>andong> Kreith, 2002)
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National Technical University of At
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3.3.4. Landfill sy
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10.4.2.Susteren sewage treatment <s
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Figure 44.: Västerås concept ....
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Picture 30.: The heat exchanger sys
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(Table 8.): The Ljungsjöverket pla
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2 1. Bio-WASTE MANAGEMENT LEGISLATI
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4 The Directive envisages the possi
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6 In the Commission's estimation, a
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8 of yard waste and</strong
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10 conditions (i.e., as brief as a
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12 Picture2.: View of machine used
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14 In-Vessel Composting Systems In
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16 The duration of the composting p
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18 Figure 7.: Principal emissions f
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20 2.2 Anaerobic Digestion (AD) 2.2
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22 4. Finally, methanogenic organis
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24 If the proper conditions cannot
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26 Considerations such as the desig
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28 to the viscosity of the feed, th
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30 The Netherlands
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32 Heavy metals in digestate usuall
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34 3. Large scale biodegradable was
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36 power and 1,200
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38 filtration or electrostatic prec
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40 acceptable range, but reduce the
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42 Rotary kiln furnaces Rotary kiln
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44 It has been processed an
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46 Heavy metals can be grouped into
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48 choices for a commercial plant w
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50 Gasification (Figure.19) using o
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52 AC plasma CO2 plasma arc Microwa
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54 pulled through an induced draft
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56 the non-biodegradables a
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58 3.3.8. Bioreactor land</
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60 4. Materials Sorting Processes 4
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62 Plastics Plastics (Fiqure.32) po
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64 separate containers. There are a
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66 The sorting of recyclables may b
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68 4.5. Mechanical and</str
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70 glass breakage on the tipping fl
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72 within solution under the influe
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76 changing pole configuration or w
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78 4.7. Mechanical Biological Treat
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80 Biological processing compartmen
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82 equivalence considerations <stro
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84 5.2. Waste streams considered in
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86 Figure 27.: Percentage of munici
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88 6.Italy The Italian strategy Ita
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90 Italy also set targets for colle
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92 (Figure 30.). The quality of com
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94 a controlled environment with wa
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96 Picture 11.: The Corteolona plan
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98 The building in the foreground h
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100 compost their garden waste. The
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102 The total amount of waste produ
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104 7. Germany 7.1. Waste managemen
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106 has been specified only for som
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108 7.3. Best practices</st
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110 The installation has different
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112 The sludge is placed into a lar
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114 Picture 22.: Air mixing mechani
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116 Finally the dried sludge is bee
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118 process treats the wastes as co
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120 consumption is about 0.7 x106 k
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122 Picture 30.: The heat exchanger
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124 used for the construction of l<
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126 International’. In the Drum D
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128 Picture 34.: Delivery crane in
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130 industrial processes, where <st
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132 industry, mixes the waste <stro
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134 8. Sweden The Swedish strategy
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136 joint committee or local govern
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138 upon the number of collected fr
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140 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Hazard
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142 Anaerobic digestion also produc
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144 Hässleholm 12,300 10,120 Karls
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146 distributed either through gas
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148 mentioned in earlier. (Chemical
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150 Picture 39.: Public fuelling st
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152 The pumpable organic waste is b
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154 purchased by AGA and</s
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156 Picture 43.: Paper bag with hou
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158 (Table 8.): The Ljungsjöverket
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160 Figure 46.: Schematic operation
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162 9. United Kingdom The British S
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164 9.2. Waste quantities 2008 The
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166 9.3. Best practices</st
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168 The partners collect around 840
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170 Figure 51.: Quantity of waste c
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172 The company recycles wood, meta
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174 (26,650) of all households acro
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176 Recycling Bins which are emptie
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178 distance path. Since 1981, the
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180 The scheme in operation in Wye
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182 The method of composting the ga
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184 such as: Waste, Management (of
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186 heterogeneous in composition <s
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188 2000 2004 2005 2006 Total 63,24
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190 All domestic waste/recycling co
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192 The end product is made into a
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194 10.4.4. The Moerdijk incinerati
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196 11. Greece The Greeks Strategy
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198 The encouragement of rational o
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200 Picture 55.: Panoramic View of
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202 Four (4) ballistic separators
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204 Picture 58.: View of Composting
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206 Picture 59.: Refinery Unit at A
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208 Unit for Treatment of Air Emiss
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210 Picture 60.: Chania MBT plant (
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212 A biological stabilization is t
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214 Picture 66.: Prototype composti
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216 Picture 69.: Psitallia sewage s
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218 Figure 56.: Process description
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220 Since ARTI-TZ started dissemina
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222 Picture 74.: Construction of AD
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224 biodegradables be isolated <str
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226 Picture 77.: The physical separ
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228 solution are fermented (e.g., s
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230 Picture 78.: Transportation of
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232 Picture 80.: Loofen company’s
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234 The interior parts of both the
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236 Figure 61.: Coway high capacity
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238 13.3.1. Coway model (WM05-A) In
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240 13.3.3. Coway model (WM03) The
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242 13.5. DUO Enterprise Ltd Food g
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244 References: Beyea, J., J. Cook,
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246 Flaga A., 2003 Sludge Drying, I
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248 Peigne, J., Girardin, P., 2004.
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250 Internet sources: ACM Waste Man
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252 Hellenic Statistical Authority.
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254 Warwick District Council., 2010
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