(best examples and good practices) on household organic waste ...

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separate containers. There are a number of varieties of the ‘collect’ system. For
example, the recyclable materials are all placed in one container; therefore the
mixture has to be sorted, either by processing equipment or by h<strong>and</strong> at the
central materials recycling facility. Alternatively, the materials may be sorted at
the curbside by the collector.
More sophisticated systems involve the separation of the recyclable materials
into several containers or sections of a container by the householder for
separate collection. The latter two systems require a more elaborate collection
vehicle to collect the separated waste streams. The advantages of the ‘collect’
system include convenience for the householder <strong>and</strong> higher recovery rates of
recyclable materials. However, the associated costs of “collects” systems is
significantly higher than ‘bring’ recycling systems since separate collections or
purpose-built vehicles, with separate enclosures, are required while additional
costs are needed for the sorting <strong>and</strong> transport of the recyclable materials to the
reprocessing facility.(Wastesum.,2010)
There are many different kinds of recycling programs which can be either
voluntary or m<strong>and</strong>atory. Among the various alternative recycling program
alternatives the following are the most commonly applied:
1. Return of bottle bill containers or use of reverse vending machines
2. Drop boxes, drop-off centers, or buyback centers for recyclables
3. Curbside (kerbside) collection of homeowner-separated materials
4. Materials recovery facilities (MRFs) for the separation of commingled
recyclables (collected at curbside, collected in drop boxes, or collected in
special blue bags) using various levels of mechanization for waste
processing
5. Mechanically assisted h<strong>and</strong> separation of recyclables from raw waste
(front-end processing or mixed-waste processing)
6. Fully automated separation of recyclables from raw
When considering all of the different types of materials that can be included in
a recycling program, the various methods for segregation, <strong>and</strong> the various
means <strong>and</strong> methods of collection, as well as the various types of processing <strong>and</strong>
separation systems that are available, the combinations <strong>and</strong> permutations seem
endless. Specific expertise is required to evaluate the optimum method for a
given community, based upon its population, geographic location, <strong>and</strong>
proximity to markets.
There are three main methods that can be used to recover recyclable materials
from MSW:
1. Collection of source-separated recyclable materials by either the generator or
the collector, with <strong>and</strong> without subsequent processing