(best examples and good practices) on household organic waste ...

(best examples and good practices) on household organic waste ... (best examples and good practices) on household organic waste ...

11.11.2014 Views

63 Picture 5.: Food waste Textiles The primary sources of textiles in MSW are clothing ong>andong> household items such as sheets ong>andong> towels. However, textiles are also found in such items as tires, furniture, ong>andong> footwear. Wood The wood is found in durable ong>goodong>s such as furniture ong>andong> cabinets for electronic ong>goodong>s, ong>andong> in the containers ong>andong> packaging category in shipping pallets ong>andong> boxes. 4.3. Recycling There are different kind of materials that could be recycled in also many different ways according to the type ong>andong> pollution ability of them. These include many different types of paper such as (newspaper, cardboard, mixed paper, etc.), glass (e.g. amber, green, ong>andong>/or flint), cans (e.g.aluminum, ferrous, bimetal), ong>andong> plastics (e.g.PET, HDPE, PS, PVC, PP, LDPE, etc.), as well as ,many other items made of various materials biodegradable ong>andong> not. There are two types of systems used for the separate collection of the recyclable materials including biowaste. The first one needs the participation of the public body only throughout the separation process at source (household separation). The second one needs the public participation not only at source separation but also at transportation to the proper facilities for further treatment. These sites may be bottle ong>andong> paper banks situated at the local supermarket, civic amenity sites for the disposal of many types of material or the local scrap merchant. In other words there are the ‘bring’ ong>andong> the ‘collect’ systems. However, the participation of the public to such schemes can be low, something that depends on many factors such as (the Country, the education level, economy factors etc). The ‘collect’ systems involve house-to-house curbside collection of designated recyclable materials, source separated by the householder ong>andong> placed in

64 separate containers. There are a number of varieties of the ‘collect’ system. For example, the recyclable materials are all placed in one container; therefore the mixture has to be sorted, either by processing equipment or by hong>andong> at the central materials recycling facility. Alternatively, the materials may be sorted at the curbside by the collector. More sophisticated systems involve the separation of the recyclable materials into several containers or sections of a container by the householder for separate collection. The latter two systems require a more elaborate collection vehicle to collect the separated waste streams. The advantages of the ‘collect’ system include convenience for the householder ong>andong> higher recovery rates of recyclable materials. However, the associated costs of “collects” systems is significantly higher than ‘bring’ recycling systems since separate collections or purpose-built vehicles, with separate enclosures, are required while additional costs are needed for the sorting ong>andong> transport of the recyclable materials to the reprocessing facility.(Wastesum.,2010) There are many different kinds of recycling programs which can be either voluntary or mong>andong>atory. Among the various alternative recycling program alternatives the following are the most commonly applied: 1. Return of bottle bill containers or use of reverse vending machines 2. Drop boxes, drop-off centers, or buyback centers for recyclables 3. Curbside (kerbside) collection of homeowner-separated materials 4. Materials recovery facilities (MRFs) for the separation of commingled recyclables (collected at curbside, collected in drop boxes, or collected in special blue bags) using various levels of mechanization for waste processing 5. Mechanically assisted hong>andong> separation of recyclables from raw waste (front-end processing or mixed-waste processing) 6. Fully automated separation of recyclables from raw When considering all of the different types of materials that can be included in a recycling program, the various methods for segregation, ong>andong> the various means ong>andong> methods of collection, as well as the various types of processing ong>andong> separation systems that are available, the combinations ong>andong> permutations seem endless. Specific expertise is required to evaluate the optimum method for a given community, based upon its population, geographic location, ong>andong> proximity to markets. There are three main methods that can be used to recover recyclable materials from MSW: 1. Collection of source-separated recyclable materials by either the generator or the collector, with ong>andong> without subsequent processing

63<br />

Picture 5.: Food <strong>waste</strong><br />

Textiles<br />

The primary sources of textiles in MSW are clothing <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>household</strong> items such<br />

as sheets <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> towels. However, textiles are also found in such items as tires,<br />

furniture, <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> footwear.<br />

Wood<br />

The wood is found in durable <str<strong>on</strong>g>good</str<strong>on</strong>g>s such as furniture <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> cabinets for<br />

electr<strong>on</strong>ic <str<strong>on</strong>g>good</str<strong>on</strong>g>s, <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> in the c<strong>on</strong>tainers <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> packaging category in shipping<br />

pallets <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> boxes.<br />

4.3. Recycling<br />

There are different kind of materials that could be recycled in also many<br />

different ways according to the type <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> polluti<strong>on</strong> ability of them. These<br />

include many different types of paper such as (newspaper, cardboard, mixed<br />

paper, etc.), glass (e.g. amber, green, <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g>/or flint), cans (e.g.aluminum, ferrous,<br />

bimetal), <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> plastics (e.g.PET, HDPE, PS, PVC, PP, LDPE, etc.), as well as<br />

,many other items made of various materials biodegradable <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> not.<br />

There are two types of systems used for the separate collecti<strong>on</strong> of the recyclable<br />

materials including bio<strong>waste</strong>. The first <strong>on</strong>e needs the participati<strong>on</strong> of the public<br />

body <strong>on</strong>ly throughout the separati<strong>on</strong> process at source (<strong>household</strong> separati<strong>on</strong>).<br />

The sec<strong>on</strong>d <strong>on</strong>e needs the public participati<strong>on</strong> not <strong>on</strong>ly at source separati<strong>on</strong><br />

but also at transportati<strong>on</strong> to the proper facilities for further treatment. These<br />

sites may be bottle <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> paper banks situated at the local supermarket, civic<br />

amenity sites for the disposal of many types of material or the local scrap<br />

merchant. In other words there are the ‘bring’ <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> the ‘collect’ systems.<br />

However, the participati<strong>on</strong> of the public to such schemes can be low,<br />

something that depends <strong>on</strong> many factors such as (the Country, the educati<strong>on</strong><br />

level, ec<strong>on</strong>omy factors etc).<br />

The ‘collect’ systems involve house-to-house curbside collecti<strong>on</strong> of designated<br />

recyclable materials, source separated by the <strong>household</strong>er <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> placed in

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