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6.4.2. The Corteolona plant in Italy ......................................................................................................................................95 6.4.3. The Tufino plant, Italy ................................................................................................................................................97 6.4.4. The Cupello composting scheme ................................................................................................................................99 6.4.5. The Bacino Padua composting scheme .....................................................................................................................101 7.Germany .................................................................................................... ......... ......... ......... .........104 7.1.Waste management situation ................................................................................................................. 104 7.2. The German policy ................................................................................................................................. 105 7.3.Best <strong>practices</strong> ......................................................................................................................................... 108 7.3.1.The sludge wastewater treatment <strong>and</strong> sludge drying plant in Heimertingen/Memmingen........................................108 7.3.2. The (EDZ) technology sludge drying facility in Augsburg ...........................................................................................111 7.3.3. The Kaiserslautern plant in Germany ........................................................................................................................117 7.3.4. The Dresden plant, Germany ....................................................................................................................................120 7.3.5.TW Eldena grass drier................................................................................................................................................125 7.3.6. The Rennerod plant, Germany .................................................................................................................................127 7.3.7. The Ludwigslust flexible compact system in Germany ..............................................................................................131 8. Sweden ............................................................................................................................................ 134 8.1.Waste management situation ................................................................................................................. 134 8.2.Collection <strong>and</strong> transport ......................................................................................................................... 136 8.3.Waste quantities 2008 ............................................................................................................................ 139 8.4.Best <strong>practices</strong> ......................................................................................................................................... 144 8.4.1.Stockholm concept....................................................................................................................................................144 8.4.2.Linköping concept .....................................................................................................................................................148 8.4.3. Västerås concept ......................................................................................................................................................152 8.4.4. The Ljungsjöverket plant in Sweden .........................................................................................................................157 8.4.5. The Dåva district heating <strong>and</strong> power station in Sweden (Umeå). ..............................................................................159 9.United Kingdom ................................................................................................................................ 162 9.1.Objectives <strong>and</strong> targets ............................................................................................................................ 162 9.2.Waste quantities 2008 ............................................................................................................................ 164 9.3.Best <strong>practices</strong> ......................................................................................................................................... 166 9.3.1.Project Integra in Hampshire .....................................................................................................................................166 9.3.2. West London Eco Park ..............................................................................................................................................171 9.3.3.Warwickshire Waste Partnership Composting scheme ..............................................................................................173 9.3.4. The City <strong>and</strong> County of Swansea waste management scheme ..................................................................................175 9.3.5.Waste Management in Northumberl<strong>and</strong> ...................................................................................................................177 9.17.6. Wyecycle community composting scheme .............................................................................................................179 10.Netherl<strong>and</strong>s .................................................................................................................................... 184 10.1.Netherl<strong>and</strong> policy objectives ................................................................................................................. 184 10.2.Present situation .................................................................................................................................. 187 10.3.Waste quantities .................................................................................................................................. 188 10.4.Best <strong>practices</strong> ....................................................................................................................................... 190 10.4.1. South Holl<strong>and</strong> waste management scheme ............................................................................................................190
10.4.2.Susteren sewage treatment <strong>and</strong> drying plant .........................................................................................................191 10.4.3. The Zeeasterweg Lelystad plant in Netherl<strong>and</strong>s......................................................................................................193 10.4.4. The Moerdijk incineration plant in Netherl<strong>and</strong>s .....................................................................................................195 11.Greece ............................................................................................................................................. 197 11.1.Greek framework directive ................................................................................................................... 197 11.2.Greece policy objectives ....................................................................................................................... 198 11.3.Waste quantities .................................................................................................................................. 199 11.4.Best <strong>practices</strong> ....................................................................................................................................... 200 11.4.1. The Ano-Liosia plant in Greece ...............................................................................................................................200 11.4.2.The MBT plant in Chania .........................................................................................................................................209 11.4.3.Project LIFE03 ENV/GR/205 (Comwaste) .................................................................................................................214 11.4.4.Psitallia Sludge Drying Facility .................................................................................................................................216 12.International <strong>best</strong> <strong>practices</strong> ............................................................................................................. 218 12.1. The SUMTER plant in South Carolina, USA ............................................................................................ 218 12.2.The ARTI Compact Biogas System used in Tanzania <strong>and</strong> Ug<strong>and</strong>a . ........................................................... 219 12.3. Chinas household anaerobic digesters ................................................................................................. 221 12.4.The Tel Aviv plant in Israel .................................................................................................................... 224 12.5. The Rapid City, South Dakota plant in USA............................................................................................ 229 Figures: Figure 1.: The Waste Hierarchy (ACM Waste Management. 2010) ........................................................... 3 Figure 2.: Typical temperature curve observed during the various compost phases. ................................. 8 Figure 3.: Typical Composting systems ................................................................................................... 10 Figure 4.: Aerated piles diagram ............................................................................................................ 12 Figure 5.: Static aerated compost pile .................................................................................................... 13 Figure 6.: Typical system schematic of in-vessel systems (Odour Stop.,2009) .......................................... 14 Figure 7.: Principal emissions from composting ...................................................................................... 18 Figure 8.: Schematic diagram showing the main theoretical stages of the anaerobic digestion process. (University of Strathclyde., 2009). .......................................................................................................... 22 Figure 9.: Anaerobic digestion biochemical conversion pathways ........................................................... 23 Figure 10.: AD basic process description ................................................................................................. 25 Figure 11.: Two stage process ................................................................................................................ 28 Figure 12.: The (3) types of batch reactors systems................................................................................. 29
Page 1 and 2: National Technical University of At
Page 3: 3.3.4. Landfill sy
Page 7 and 8: Figure 44.: Västerås concept ....
Page 9 and 10: Picture 30.: The heat exchanger sys
Page 11 and 12: (Table 8.): The Ljungsjöverket pla
Page 13 and 14: 2 1. Bio-WASTE MANAGEMENT LEGISLATI
Page 15 and 16: 4 The Directive envisages the possi
Page 17 and 18: 6 In the Commission's estimation, a
Page 19 and 20: 8 of yard waste and</strong
Page 21 and 22: 10 conditions (i.e., as brief as a
Page 23 and 24: 12 Picture2.: View of machine used
Page 25 and 26: 14 In-Vessel Composting Systems In
Page 27 and 28: 16 The duration of the composting p
Page 29 and 30: 18 Figure 7.: Principal emissions f
Page 31 and 32: 20 2.2 Anaerobic Digestion (AD) 2.2
Page 33 and 34: 22 4. Finally, methanogenic organis
Page 35 and 36: 24 If the proper conditions cannot
Page 37 and 38: 26 Considerations such as the desig
Page 39 and 40: 28 to the viscosity of the feed, th
Page 41 and 42: 30 The Netherlands
Page 43 and 44: 32 Heavy metals in digestate usuall
Page 45 and 46: 34 3. Large scale biodegradable was
Page 47 and 48: 36 power and 1,200
Page 49 and 50: 38 filtration or electrostatic prec
Page 51 and 52: 40 acceptable range, but reduce the
Page 53 and 54: 42 Rotary kiln furnaces Rotary kiln
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44 It has been processed an
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46 Heavy metals can be grouped into
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48 choices for a commercial plant w
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50 Gasification (Figure.19) using o
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52 AC plasma CO2 plasma arc Microwa
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54 pulled through an induced draft
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56 the non-biodegradables a
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58 3.3.8. Bioreactor land</
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60 4. Materials Sorting Processes 4
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62 Plastics Plastics (Fiqure.32) po
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64 separate containers. There are a
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66 The sorting of recyclables may b
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68 4.5. Mechanical and</str
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70 glass breakage on the tipping fl
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72 within solution under the influe
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74 material, and t
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76 changing pole configuration or w
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78 4.7. Mechanical Biological Treat
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80 Biological processing compartmen
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82 equivalence considerations <stro
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84 5.2. Waste streams considered in
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86 Figure 27.: Percentage of munici
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88 6.Italy The Italian strategy Ita
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90 Italy also set targets for colle
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92 (Figure 30.). The quality of com
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94 a controlled environment with wa
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96 Picture 11.: The Corteolona plan
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98 The building in the foreground h
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100 compost their garden waste. The
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102 The total amount of waste produ
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104 7. Germany 7.1. Waste managemen
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106 has been specified only for som
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108 7.3. Best practices</st
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110 The installation has different
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112 The sludge is placed into a lar
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114 Picture 22.: Air mixing mechani
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116 Finally the dried sludge is bee
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118 process treats the wastes as co
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120 consumption is about 0.7 x106 k
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122 Picture 30.: The heat exchanger
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124 used for the construction of l<
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126 International’. In the Drum D
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128 Picture 34.: Delivery crane in
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130 industrial processes, where <st
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132 industry, mixes the waste <stro
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134 8. Sweden The Swedish strategy
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136 joint committee or local govern
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138 upon the number of collected fr
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140 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Hazard
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142 Anaerobic digestion also produc
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144 Hässleholm 12,300 10,120 Karls
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146 distributed either through gas
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148 mentioned in earlier. (Chemical
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150 Picture 39.: Public fuelling st
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152 The pumpable organic waste is b
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154 purchased by AGA and</s
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156 Picture 43.: Paper bag with hou
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158 (Table 8.): The Ljungsjöverket
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160 Figure 46.: Schematic operation
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162 9. United Kingdom The British S
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164 9.2. Waste quantities 2008 The
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166 9.3. Best practices</st
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168 The partners collect around 840
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170 Figure 51.: Quantity of waste c
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172 The company recycles wood, meta
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174 (26,650) of all households acro
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176 Recycling Bins which are emptie
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178 distance path. Since 1981, the
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180 The scheme in operation in Wye
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182 The method of composting the ga
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184 such as: Waste, Management (of
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186 heterogeneous in composition <s
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188 2000 2004 2005 2006 Total 63,24
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190 All domestic waste/recycling co
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192 The end product is made into a
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194 10.4.4. The Moerdijk incinerati
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196 11. Greece The Greeks Strategy
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198 The encouragement of rational o
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200 Picture 55.: Panoramic View of
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202 Four (4) ballistic separators
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204 Picture 58.: View of Composting
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206 Picture 59.: Refinery Unit at A
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208 Unit for Treatment of Air Emiss
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210 Picture 60.: Chania MBT plant (
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212 A biological stabilization is t
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214 Picture 66.: Prototype composti
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216 Picture 69.: Psitallia sewage s
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218 Figure 56.: Process description
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220 Since ARTI-TZ started dissemina
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222 Picture 74.: Construction of AD
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224 biodegradables be isolated <str
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226 Picture 77.: The physical separ
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228 solution are fermented (e.g., s
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230 Picture 78.: Transportation of
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232 Picture 80.: Loofen company’s
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234 The interior parts of both the
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236 Figure 61.: Coway high capacity
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238 13.3.1. Coway model (WM05-A) In
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240 13.3.3. Coway model (WM03) The
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242 13.5. DUO Enterprise Ltd Food g
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244 References: Beyea, J., J. Cook,
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246 Flaga A., 2003 Sludge Drying, I
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248 Peigne, J., Girardin, P., 2004.
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250 Internet sources: ACM Waste Man
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252 Hellenic Statistical Authority.
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254 Warwick District Council., 2010
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