(best examples and good practices) on household organic waste ...
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(best examples and good practices) on household organic waste ...

(best examples and good practices) on household organic waste ... (best examples and good practices) on household organic waste ...

uest.gr
11.11.2014 Views

221 The wastes used for the anaerobic digestion process differ between regions according to the type of agricultural production. These could be human ong>andong> animal wastes, ong>andong> agricultural by-products such as grain stalks (primarily rice), sweet potato vines, ong>andong> weeds. The basic (AD) household reactors comprise of a cylinder (Picture 73.) shaped main reactor with a domed top. Waste material is fed into the reactor through a port that is connected into the bottom of the reactor. Picture 73.: Household (AD) under construction Nowadays these reactors have been developed. The effluent chamber ong>andong> reactor are connected, ong>andong> generally, toilets ong>andong> pigsties are connected directly to the influent port something that didn’t happen earlier. The effluent is removed from the reactor at the top of the water column. Thus supernatant is collected rather than sludge. Additionally, no mixing of the system occurs when effluent is removed. In some systems, a vertical cylindrical pull-rod port is added at the side of the effluent port. The pull-rod port connects into the base of the effluent port. Effluent is removed by moving a pull-rod up ong>andong> down in the port. The pull-rod is simply a wooden shaft with a metal disk on the bottom. In addition to simplifying effluent removal, as a bucket can be placed directly under the pull-rod port, removing the effluent provides some mixing in reactor. In the stong>andong>ard reactor design, the head space volume above the reactor is essentially fixed, although the volume increases slightly with increasing pressure since the effluent port liquid level moves up ong>andong> down with pressure changes. If in any case effluent is not removed from the AD system, the of it volume in the reactor ong>andong> the head space volume is reduced. As a result, gas pressure delivered into the home varies. (Henderson.,2010) The construction of these reactors is made by experienced local technicians trained by the Country for this job. (Picture 74.)

222 Picture 74.: Construction of AD systems by technicians The biogas comprises of 60% methane ong>andong> the biogas production is approximately 0.25 to 0.3 m 3 biogas/kg total solids something that depends on temperature which varies during the year ong>andong> even the day. Gas pressure from the systems ranges from 0 to 80 centimeters of water, ong>andong> each system has a pressure meter to measure the pressure. The biogas is used for cooking ong>andong> electricity ong>andong> covers almost 60% of a house energy needs. Finally the effluent of the AD process is used as a fertilizer or as a feeding supplement for pigs, worms,etc.

222<br />

Picture 74.: C<strong>on</strong>structi<strong>on</strong> of AD systems by technicians<br />

The biogas comprises of 60% methane <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> the biogas producti<strong>on</strong> is<br />

approximately 0.25 to 0.3 m 3 biogas/kg total solids something that depends <strong>on</strong><br />

temperature which varies during the year <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> even the day. Gas pressure from<br />

the systems ranges from 0 to 80 centimeters of water, <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> each system has a<br />

pressure meter to measure the pressure. The biogas is used for cooking <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />

electricity <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> covers almost 60% of a house energy needs. Finally the effluent<br />

of the AD process is used as a fertilizer or as a feeding supplement for pigs,<br />

worms,etc.

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