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195
196 11. Greece The Greeks Strategy Waste management on Greece seems to be one of the most difficult problems to be solved. Greece has been condemned several times by the European Court of Justice for failing to follow the European Waste Management framework including a judgment under Article 228(2)(b) EC1. More than 1000 unauthorized dumping keep existing within the mainl<strong>and</strong> while 2 years ago more than 3000 existed. The method used in Greece today for waste treatment is unfortunately l<strong>and</strong>fill. More than 90% of the MSW is still l<strong>and</strong>filled or thrown away in illegal dumps. In comparison to all the other countries mentioned before (Sweden, Netherl<strong>and</strong>s, Germany, Uk,etc) Greece seems to be unable to comply with the EU official waste policy which is diverting waste from been l<strong>and</strong>filled. Even worse is it estimated that the existing authorized <strong>and</strong> controlled l<strong>and</strong>fill sites cover only almost 60% of the total population while the other 40% is covered by unauthorized l<strong>and</strong>fill sites currently in operation in Greece. Even worse there are more than 1000 ab<strong>and</strong>oned illegal waste tips all over the Country. The negative impacts of this kind of policy are severe for Greece’s environment <strong>and</strong> public health. Fortunately Greece existence in the EU quaranties the change in policy which shall be followed by a rapid development in waste management <strong>and</strong> treatment. 11.1. Greek framework directive The basic legal instruments on waste management in Greece are the following: ‣ Article 12 of Law 1650/1986 on the Environment which lays down the principal obligations in relation to waste management. ‣ Joint Ministerial Decision 50910/2727/2003 on the management of waste - which transposes the Directive into national law <strong>and</strong> includes the National Waste Management Plan - introduces the
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National Technical University of At
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3.3.4. Landfill sy
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10.4.2.Susteren sewage treatment <s
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Figure 44.: Västerås concept ....
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Picture 30.: The heat exchanger sys
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(Table 8.): The Ljungsjöverket pla
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2 1. Bio-WASTE MANAGEMENT LEGISLATI
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4 The Directive envisages the possi
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6 In the Commission's estimation, a
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8 of yard waste and</strong
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10 conditions (i.e., as brief as a
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12 Picture2.: View of machine used
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14 In-Vessel Composting Systems In
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16 The duration of the composting p
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18 Figure 7.: Principal emissions f
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20 2.2 Anaerobic Digestion (AD) 2.2
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22 4. Finally, methanogenic organis
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24 If the proper conditions cannot
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26 Considerations such as the desig
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28 to the viscosity of the feed, th
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30 The Netherlands
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32 Heavy metals in digestate usuall
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34 3. Large scale biodegradable was
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36 power and 1,200
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38 filtration or electrostatic prec
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40 acceptable range, but reduce the
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42 Rotary kiln furnaces Rotary kiln
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44 It has been processed an
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46 Heavy metals can be grouped into
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48 choices for a commercial plant w
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50 Gasification (Figure.19) using o
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52 AC plasma CO2 plasma arc Microwa
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54 pulled through an induced draft
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56 the non-biodegradables a
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58 3.3.8. Bioreactor land</
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60 4. Materials Sorting Processes 4
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62 Plastics Plastics (Fiqure.32) po
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64 separate containers. There are a
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66 The sorting of recyclables may b
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68 4.5. Mechanical and</str
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70 glass breakage on the tipping fl
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72 within solution under the influe
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74 material, and t
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76 changing pole configuration or w
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78 4.7. Mechanical Biological Treat
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80 Biological processing compartmen
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82 equivalence considerations <stro
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84 5.2. Waste streams considered in
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86 Figure 27.: Percentage of munici
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88 6.Italy The Italian strategy Ita
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90 Italy also set targets for colle
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92 (Figure 30.). The quality of com
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94 a controlled environment with wa
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96 Picture 11.: The Corteolona plan
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98 The building in the foreground h
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100 compost their garden waste. The
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102 The total amount of waste produ
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104 7. Germany 7.1. Waste managemen
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106 has been specified only for som
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108 7.3. Best practices</st
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110 The installation has different
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112 The sludge is placed into a lar
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114 Picture 22.: Air mixing mechani
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116 Finally the dried sludge is bee
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118 process treats the wastes as co
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120 consumption is about 0.7 x106 k
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122 Picture 30.: The heat exchanger
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124 used for the construction of l<
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126 International’. In the Drum D
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128 Picture 34.: Delivery crane in
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130 industrial processes, where <st
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132 industry, mixes the waste <stro
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134 8. Sweden The Swedish strategy
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136 joint committee or local govern
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138 upon the number of collected fr
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140 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Hazard
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142 Anaerobic digestion also produc
Page 155 and 156: 144 Hässleholm 12,300 10,120 Karls
Page 157 and 158: 146 distributed either through gas
Page 159 and 160: 148 mentioned in earlier. (Chemical
Page 161 and 162: 150 Picture 39.: Public fuelling st
Page 163 and 164: 152 The pumpable organic waste is b
Page 165 and 166: 154 purchased by AGA and</s
Page 167 and 168: 156 Picture 43.: Paper bag with hou
Page 169 and 170: 158 (Table 8.): The Ljungsjöverket
Page 171 and 172: 160 Figure 46.: Schematic operation
Page 173 and 174: 162 9. United Kingdom The British S
Page 175 and 176: 164 9.2. Waste quantities 2008 The
Page 177 and 178: 166 9.3. Best practices</st
Page 179 and 180: 168 The partners collect around 840
Page 181 and 182: 170 Figure 51.: Quantity of waste c
Page 183 and 184: 172 The company recycles wood, meta
Page 185 and 186: 174 (26,650) of all households acro
Page 187 and 188: 176 Recycling Bins which are emptie
Page 189 and 190: 178 distance path. Since 1981, the
Page 191 and 192: 180 The scheme in operation in Wye
Page 193 and 194: 182 The method of composting the ga
Page 195 and 196: 184 such as: Waste, Management (of
Page 197 and 198: 186 heterogeneous in composition <s
Page 199 and 200: 188 2000 2004 2005 2006 Total 63,24
Page 201 and 202: 190 All domestic waste/recycling co
Page 203 and 204: 192 The end product is made into a
Page 205: 194 10.4.4. The Moerdijk incinerati
Page 209 and 210: 198 The encouragement of rational o
Page 211 and 212: 200 Picture 55.: Panoramic View of
Page 213 and 214: 202 Four (4) ballistic separators
Page 215 and 216: 204 Picture 58.: View of Composting
Page 217 and 218: 206 Picture 59.: Refinery Unit at A
Page 219 and 220: 208 Unit for Treatment of Air Emiss
Page 221 and 222: 210 Picture 60.: Chania MBT plant (
Page 223 and 224: 212 A biological stabilization is t
Page 225 and 226: 214 Picture 66.: Prototype composti
Page 227 and 228: 216 Picture 69.: Psitallia sewage s
Page 229 and 230: 218 Figure 56.: Process description
Page 231 and 232: 220 Since ARTI-TZ started dissemina
Page 233 and 234: 222 Picture 74.: Construction of AD
Page 235 and 236: 224 biodegradables be isolated <str
Page 237 and 238: 226 Picture 77.: The physical separ
Page 239 and 240: 228 solution are fermented (e.g., s
Page 241 and 242: 230 Picture 78.: Transportation of
Page 243 and 244: 232 Picture 80.: Loofen company’s
Page 245 and 246: 234 The interior parts of both the
Page 247 and 248: 236 Figure 61.: Coway high capacity
Page 249 and 250: 238 13.3.1. Coway model (WM05-A) In
Page 251 and 252: 240 13.3.3. Coway model (WM03) The
Page 253 and 254: 242 13.5. DUO Enterprise Ltd Food g
Page 255 and 256: 244 References: Beyea, J., J. Cook,
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246 Flaga A., 2003 Sludge Drying, I
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248 Peigne, J., Girardin, P., 2004.
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250 Internet sources: ACM Waste Man
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252 Hellenic Statistical Authority.
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254 Warwick District Council., 2010
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