(best examples and good practices) on household organic waste ...

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In the Commission's estimation, around half of the EU's overall 20% renewable
energy target will be met from bio-energy. Furthermore the RES Directive sets
sustainability criteria for the use of biofuels <strong>and</strong> bioliquids, while encouraging
the use of bio-wastes, e.g. cooking oil or bio-methane, for developing so-called
second-generation biofuels. The RES Directive also foresees reporting on a need
for sustainability criteria for all other uses of biomass for energy purposes.
1.1.9. Waste transport Directive EEC/259/93 <strong>and</strong> 94/721/EEC
The aim is to regulate imports <strong>and</strong> exports of waste inside <strong>and</strong> outside the EU.
A reason for the transport directive is a conflict of principles. Based on the
Extended Producer Liability <strong>and</strong> the Waste Hierarchy, the producer tries to
recycle his waste in the cheapest way <strong>and</strong> tries to sell his recycled waste at the
<strong>best</strong> price. However, this can form a conflict with the principle of Proximity <strong>and</strong>
Self-sufficiency. The producer should recycle his waste as close as possible <strong>and</strong>
sell it to the nearest producer. This is sound economic <strong>and</strong> environmental
policy. However, this is in conflict with the principle of Proximity <strong>and</strong> Selfsufficiency.
The transport directive divides the waste in three lists <strong>and</strong> sets
priorities for each list:
• Green List: Free transport (just notification to government) e.g.: sorted MSW
• Orange List: Limited transport e.g.: unsorted MSW
• Red List: Transport restricted strongly: e.g.: hazardous waste
Products on the Green List can be traded freely. Products on the Orange <strong>and</strong>
Red List are restricted <strong>and</strong> fall under the principles of Proximity <strong>and</strong> Selfsufficiency.
Exports out of <strong>and</strong> imports into the EU are forbidden except for
specific situations.
2. Household organic waste treatment methods
This Section aims to provide a comprehensive description related to the
household organic waste management <strong>and</strong> treatment methods existing in the
European Union, consisted as part of the (EU) environmental policy on the
management of this type of waste. At this section, the relevant methods <strong>and</strong>
<strong>practices</strong> are described in detail whereas the effectiveness <strong>and</strong> negative impacts
of each method are also presented.
2.1. Composting
2.1.1. Introduction
Composting is a natural process which involves the aerobic biological
decomposition of organic materials under controlled conditions. During
composting organic matter from the biodegradable wastes is microbiologically