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151 Picture 40.: The Åby plant in Linköping (Chemical Engineering <strong>and</strong> Technology department KTH,. 2007) The organic waste from households in Linköping is delivered to the waste incineration plant Gärstad. The municipality of Linköping is responsible for the waste treatment <strong>and</strong> the company Tekniska Verken, owned by the municipality, is the owner of the incineration plant as well as the Åby biogas plant. By charging the waste treatment by weight, the households are encouraged to do their own home composting. The biogas plant Åby receives organic waste from restaurants, institutional kitchens, slaughterhouses <strong>and</strong> other industries. But due to the safe quality policy of Tekniska Verken the household waste is not received in the plant. It is difficult to secure the quality of household waste, <strong>and</strong> it needs to be quality assured to be used as fertilizer. The Gärstad treatment plant is owned by Tekniska Verken as well. There is a farm located close to the production plant, but the closest residential buildings are those in the city, 1 km away. In the other directions the distance are 1,5 <strong>and</strong> 3 km to the nearest residential building areas.
152 The pumpable organic waste is brought to the plant by biogas fuelled slurry exhauster vehicles. The other organic material is transported in container vehicles, which are not biogas fuelled. The transport distances of substrates are in some cases very long, since industrial waste from cities in a wide region is utilized. If the biogas production is extended over a wider region the distances of transports could be shortened. The new biogas plant at Händelö is strategically located close to the substrate since the bio ethanol plant, from which the refuse is used, is located next door. The residue from the agricultural crop production is easily available here as well. (Chemical Engineering <strong>and</strong> Technology department KTH., 2007) 8.4.3. Västerås concept Växtkraft (Figure 43.) is a project in Västerås with the purpose to treat source separated household waste with (Figure 44.) ley crops <strong>and</strong> other suitable organic waste. The partners in the project are Vafab-Miljö, Mälarenergi (the local energy company), LRF (the National Federation of Swedish Farmers), <strong>and</strong> 17 farmers living in the surroundings. (Chemical Engineering <strong>and</strong> Technology department KTH,. 2007) Figure 43.: The life-cycle of the Växtkraft project in Västerås (Chemical Engineering <strong>and</strong> Technology department KTH., 2007)
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National Technical University of At
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3.3.4. Landfill sy
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10.4.2.Susteren sewage treatment <s
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Figure 44.: Västerås concept ....
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Picture 30.: The heat exchanger sys
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(Table 8.): The Ljungsjöverket pla
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2 1. Bio-WASTE MANAGEMENT LEGISLATI
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4 The Directive envisages the possi
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6 In the Commission's estimation, a
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8 of yard waste and</strong
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10 conditions (i.e., as brief as a
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12 Picture2.: View of machine used
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14 In-Vessel Composting Systems In
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16 The duration of the composting p
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18 Figure 7.: Principal emissions f
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20 2.2 Anaerobic Digestion (AD) 2.2
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22 4. Finally, methanogenic organis
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24 If the proper conditions cannot
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26 Considerations such as the desig
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28 to the viscosity of the feed, th
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30 The Netherlands
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32 Heavy metals in digestate usuall
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34 3. Large scale biodegradable was
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36 power and 1,200
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38 filtration or electrostatic prec
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40 acceptable range, but reduce the
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42 Rotary kiln furnaces Rotary kiln
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44 It has been processed an
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46 Heavy metals can be grouped into
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48 choices for a commercial plant w
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50 Gasification (Figure.19) using o
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52 AC plasma CO2 plasma arc Microwa
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54 pulled through an induced draft
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56 the non-biodegradables a
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58 3.3.8. Bioreactor land</
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60 4. Materials Sorting Processes 4
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62 Plastics Plastics (Fiqure.32) po
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64 separate containers. There are a
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66 The sorting of recyclables may b
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68 4.5. Mechanical and</str
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70 glass breakage on the tipping fl
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72 within solution under the influe
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74 material, and t
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76 changing pole configuration or w
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78 4.7. Mechanical Biological Treat
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80 Biological processing compartmen
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82 equivalence considerations <stro
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84 5.2. Waste streams considered in
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86 Figure 27.: Percentage of munici
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88 6.Italy The Italian strategy Ita
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90 Italy also set targets for colle
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92 (Figure 30.). The quality of com
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94 a controlled environment with wa
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96 Picture 11.: The Corteolona plan
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98 The building in the foreground h
Page 111 and 112: 100 compost their garden waste. The
Page 113 and 114: 102 The total amount of waste produ
Page 115 and 116: 104 7. Germany 7.1. Waste managemen
Page 117 and 118: 106 has been specified only for som
Page 119 and 120: 108 7.3. Best practices</st
Page 121 and 122: 110 The installation has different
Page 123 and 124: 112 The sludge is placed into a lar
Page 125 and 126: 114 Picture 22.: Air mixing mechani
Page 127 and 128: 116 Finally the dried sludge is bee
Page 129 and 130: 118 process treats the wastes as co
Page 131 and 132: 120 consumption is about 0.7 x106 k
Page 133 and 134: 122 Picture 30.: The heat exchanger
Page 135 and 136: 124 used for the construction of l<
Page 137 and 138: 126 International’. In the Drum D
Page 139 and 140: 128 Picture 34.: Delivery crane in
Page 141 and 142: 130 industrial processes, where <st
Page 143 and 144: 132 industry, mixes the waste <stro
Page 145 and 146: 134 8. Sweden The Swedish strategy
Page 147 and 148: 136 joint committee or local govern
Page 149 and 150: 138 upon the number of collected fr
Page 151 and 152: 140 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Hazard
Page 153 and 154: 142 Anaerobic digestion also produc
Page 155 and 156: 144 Hässleholm 12,300 10,120 Karls
Page 157 and 158: 146 distributed either through gas
Page 159 and 160: 148 mentioned in earlier. (Chemical
Page 161: 150 Picture 39.: Public fuelling st
Page 165 and 166: 154 purchased by AGA and</s
Page 167 and 168: 156 Picture 43.: Paper bag with hou
Page 169 and 170: 158 (Table 8.): The Ljungsjöverket
Page 171 and 172: 160 Figure 46.: Schematic operation
Page 173 and 174: 162 9. United Kingdom The British S
Page 175 and 176: 164 9.2. Waste quantities 2008 The
Page 177 and 178: 166 9.3. Best practices</st
Page 179 and 180: 168 The partners collect around 840
Page 181 and 182: 170 Figure 51.: Quantity of waste c
Page 183 and 184: 172 The company recycles wood, meta
Page 185 and 186: 174 (26,650) of all households acro
Page 187 and 188: 176 Recycling Bins which are emptie
Page 189 and 190: 178 distance path. Since 1981, the
Page 191 and 192: 180 The scheme in operation in Wye
Page 193 and 194: 182 The method of composting the ga
Page 195 and 196: 184 such as: Waste, Management (of
Page 197 and 198: 186 heterogeneous in composition <s
Page 199 and 200: 188 2000 2004 2005 2006 Total 63,24
Page 201 and 202: 190 All domestic waste/recycling co
Page 203 and 204: 192 The end product is made into a
Page 205 and 206: 194 10.4.4. The Moerdijk incinerati
Page 207 and 208: 196 11. Greece The Greeks Strategy
Page 209 and 210: 198 The encouragement of rational o
Page 211 and 212: 200 Picture 55.: Panoramic View of
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202 Four (4) ballistic separators
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204 Picture 58.: View of Composting
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206 Picture 59.: Refinery Unit at A
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208 Unit for Treatment of Air Emiss
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210 Picture 60.: Chania MBT plant (
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212 A biological stabilization is t
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214 Picture 66.: Prototype composti
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216 Picture 69.: Psitallia sewage s
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218 Figure 56.: Process description
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220 Since ARTI-TZ started dissemina
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222 Picture 74.: Construction of AD
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224 biodegradables be isolated <str
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226 Picture 77.: The physical separ
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228 solution are fermented (e.g., s
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230 Picture 78.: Transportation of
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232 Picture 80.: Loofen company’s
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234 The interior parts of both the
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236 Figure 61.: Coway high capacity
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238 13.3.1. Coway model (WM05-A) In
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240 13.3.3. Coway model (WM03) The
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242 13.5. DUO Enterprise Ltd Food g
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244 References: Beyea, J., J. Cook,
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246 Flaga A., 2003 Sludge Drying, I
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248 Peigne, J., Girardin, P., 2004.
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250 Internet sources: ACM Waste Man
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252 Hellenic Statistical Authority.
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254 Warwick District Council., 2010
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