(best examples and good practices) on household organic waste ...

(best examples and good practices) on household organic waste ... (best examples and good practices) on household organic waste ...

11.11.2014 Views

141 Figure 40.: Biological treatment through decades in Sweden (AÖS., 2009) These municipalities represent half of the Swedish population. According to a study carried out by Avfall Sverige, an additional 90 municipalities are planning to introduce systems for source-separation of food waste. The same study shows that all municipalities need to act in order to reach the environmental objective. According to Avfall Sverige calculations, an estimated 20% of the food waste was biologically treated in 2008. Waste analysis (Table 8) shows that every Swedish resident produces close to 100 kg of food waste every year, mainly from fruit ong>andong> vegetables. The most common system used for source separation of food waste in single-family houses is two separate bins, one for food waste ong>andong> one for combustible waste. There is also a system where different fractions are separated into separate containers. Another collection system, which is used, is optic sorting of different colored bags that are put into the same container. Through anaerobic digestion of biological waste, biogas, consisting of methane ong>andong> carbon dioxide, is produced. (AÖS., 2009) Biogas is renewable ong>andong> the most environmentally sound fuel available, ong>andong> can be used for vehicle fuel, heating ong>andong> electricity generation. In order to use biogas as vehicle fuel it needs to be upgraded. In 2008, 280,000 MWh of biogas was produced, which is equivalent to 30 million liters of petrol. Biogas is today primarily used as vehicle fuel, a market which is developing quickly.

142 Anaerobic digestion also produces digestate, which is an excellent fertilizer. 389,350 tons of digestate was produced in 2008, of which 96 percent was used in farming. The remaining 4 percent was either dehydrated ong>andong>/or processed with after-composting. The compost produced at plants (Table 6.) is mainly used as soil improver or in soil mixtures. Plants which produce compost or digestate from source separated bio-waste, including food waste from the food industry, can have their product quality marked. The quality assurance system has been developed by Avfall Sverige, among others. (AÖS., 2009) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Anaerobic digestion 244,374 258,071 283,729 356,087 405,580 Composting 389,384 459,827 452,388 515,294 568,700 Total biological treatment 633,758 717,710 736,117 871,380 974,280 of which food waste Total quantity of household waste treated biologically 107,028 118,960 134,994 166,807 162,680 433,830 454,450 469,877 561,303 597,280 (Table 6.): waste treatment statistics (AÖS., 2009) Certification places requirements on the entire waste management chain, from the incoming waste to the final product. A number of plants are currently going through the process of having their products certified. Eight biogas plants ong>andong> three composting plants have obtained certificates. A voluntary undertaking to minimize the emissions from biogas ong>andong> upgrading plants was initiated by

142<br />

Anaerobic digesti<strong>on</strong> also produces digestate, which is an excellent fertilizer.<br />

389,350 t<strong>on</strong>s of digestate was produced in 2008, of which 96 percent was used<br />

in farming. The remaining 4 percent was either dehydrated <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g>/or processed<br />

with after-composting.<br />

The compost produced at plants (Table 6.) is mainly used as soil improver or in<br />

soil mixtures. Plants which produce compost or digestate from source<br />

separated bio-<strong>waste</strong>, including food <strong>waste</strong> from the food industry, can have<br />

their product quality marked. The quality assurance system has been developed<br />

by Avfall Sverige, am<strong>on</strong>g others. (AÖS., 2009)<br />

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008<br />

Anaerobic<br />

digesti<strong>on</strong><br />

244,374 258,071 283,729 356,087 405,580<br />

Composting 389,384 459,827 452,388 515,294 568,700<br />

Total biological<br />

treatment<br />

633,758 717,710 736,117 871,380 974,280<br />

of which food<br />

<strong>waste</strong><br />

Total quantity<br />

of <strong>household</strong><br />

<strong>waste</strong> treated<br />

biologically<br />

107,028 118,960 134,994 166,807 162,680<br />

433,830 454,450 469,877 561,303 597,280<br />

(Table 6.): <strong>waste</strong> treatment statistics<br />

(AÖS., 2009)<br />

Certificati<strong>on</strong> places requirements <strong>on</strong> the entire <strong>waste</strong> management chain, from<br />

the incoming <strong>waste</strong> to the final product. A number of plants are currently going<br />

through the process of having their products certified. Eight biogas plants <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />

three composting plants have obtained certificates. A voluntary undertaking to<br />

minimize the emissi<strong>on</strong>s from biogas <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> upgrading plants was initiated by

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