(best examples and good practices) on household organic waste ...

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‣ By 2010, at the latest, food waste, <strong>and</strong> consequently also equivalent waste
from food industries etc., shall be recycled through biological treatment.
The objective refers to waste not mixed with other types of waste, which
subsequent to treatment is of sufficient quality that it is suitable for crop
production. (AÖS., 2009)
The most important treatment methods for waste are:
‣ Material recycling
‣ Biological treatment
‣ Waste-to-Energy
‣ L<strong>and</strong>fill
Hazardous waste as a special type of waste can be treated with anyone of the
above methods. Either one or a combination of them can be used . Biological
treatment can be implemented only through anaerobic digestion or
composting. The Anaerobic digestion process produces the biogas which in
turn can be used as vehicle fuel. The total quantity of biogas produced from
waste treatment with the (AD) process, is equivalent to 30 million liters of
petrol. The final product of the (AD) called digestate comprises an excellent
nutrient. The composting process produces a high quality fertilizer called (the
compost) which is used as a soil improver in parks, gardens <strong>and</strong> ground
installations. (AÖS., 2009)
The Waste incineration process is also widely used in Sweden. It is used for
producing energy from waste (thermal energy <strong>and</strong> electricity). Every year it
produces heating which corresponds to the need of 810,000 households,
approximately 20% of all the district heating produced. It also produces
electricity in a quantity which corresponds to the need of more than 250,000
houses. Finally the l<strong>and</strong>filling treatment method is still been used for these
waste which cannot or should not be recovered or treated in another way (such
as some types of hazardous waste or ash). Through l<strong>and</strong>filling, waste is kept in
a long-term safe way, <strong>and</strong> the treatment method is controlled by a strict
regulatory framework. (AÖS., 2009)
The choice of the organization of a waste management system, represents a
decision of the local authorities . This possibility of municipal self-government
is laid down in the Swedish constitutional law. The local authorities can choose
management mode or municipal undertakings, separate or joint with other
municipalities. Cooperation among the Municipalities, is also possible with a