Chapter 10

Overview
Identity
❚ Identity vs. Role Confusion
❚ Marcia’s Identity Statuses
❚ Class Activity: Identity Statuses
❚ Ethnic Identity
❚ Sexual Identity
❚ Contemporary Views of Identity
❚ Friendship
❚ Peer Group
❚ Dating
❚ Erikson: Identity vs.
Role Confusion
❙
❙ OR
❚ What goes on during
adolescence that might
bring on this crisis?
The Elements of Identity
❚ Vocational/Career Identity
❚
❚ Religious Identity
❚ Relationship Identity
❚
❚ Sexual Identity
❚ Cultural/Ethnic Identity
❚
❚ Personality
❚ Physical Identity
Marcia’s Identity Statuses
❚ Developed four identity statuses
❚ These are NOT stages
❚ Important to distinguish between:
❙ CRISIS:
❙ COMMITMENT:
Research shows:
❚ 21 year olds:
❙ 30% are
❙ 14% are
❙ 12% are
❙ 38% are
❚
1.1

Sexual Identity
❚ An enduring, basic aspect of the self that
includes a sense of membership in an ethnic
group and the attitudes and feelings related to
that membership.
❚
Steps in coming out:
• First Recognition
•
• Identity Acceptance
•
Contemporary Views
❚ Identity development is a lengthy process.
❚
❚ Identity formation neither begins nor ends with
adolescence
❚
❚ Resolution of identity does not mean stability
Family Influences on Identity
❚ Link between parenting styles and
identity formation
❙
❚ Individuality
❙
❚ Connectedness
❙
❚ Autonomy and Attachment
Friendship
❚ Friends become increasingly dependent on
Peer Groups
❚ Conformity has positive and negative
aspects.
❚ If teens fail to forge such close friendships,
they experience painful feelings of loneliness,
and reduced sense of self-worth.
❚ The quality of friendship is more strongly
linked to feelings of well-being during
adolescence than during childhood.
1.2

Cliques
Crowds
❚
❚
❚ Form from an
adolescent’s interest in
similar activities or
because of friendship.
❚ In-group identity
❚
❚ Usually members of a crowd
based on
❚ Typically 6 types of crowds:
jocks, populars, normals,
druggies or toughies,
nobodies, and independents
Adolescent Groups
Versus Children Groups
Types of Dating and
Developmental Changes
❚ Children groups are usually made up of
friends or neighborhood acquaintances.
❚ Adolescent groups tend to include
❚ Early romantic relationships serve as a
context for adolescents to explore:
❙
❙ how they should romantically interact
with someone
❙
The Progression of
Dating
❚ Hanging out together
in heterosexual
groups.
❚ Cyberdating
❚ Real-life venture.
❚ Cognitive models that guide individuals’
dating interactions.
❚ One study showed that first dates are
highly scripted along gender lines.
❚ Males were found to follow a proactive
dating script, while females followed a
reactive one.
1.3

Emotion and Romantic
Relationships
❚ The strong emotions of adolescent
romance can have both
Sociocultural Contexts
and Dating
❚ Values and religious beliefs of people in various
cultures often dictate:
❙
❙ how much freedom in dating is allowed
❙
❙ the roles of males and females in dating
1.4