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STUDY OF COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA POLICY 23
Notes
1. These include the ‘Asian Tigers’ (Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore
and Taiwan) but also China, India, Mexico, Brazil and other emerging
economies that have relatively stronger bargaining power vis-à-vis
G8 nations and foreign capital. But these sites also include the Philippines,
Indonesia and the Dominican Republic whereby TNCs enjoy a
‘modern form of colonial trading privileges’ (Gordon 1994).
2. Across Europe and North America, civil rights are under attack, including
abortion rights, state benefit and unemployment support, freedom
of expression when exercised for dissent, such as in the case of
Indymedia shut down in London in 2004, restriction of the free movement
of citizens within and across countries and the exploitation of
private data collected on borders, such as at US entry points. Demonstrations
and protests are heavily policed, and policies of ‘shoot to kill’
and unlawful imprisonment and detention of individuals without trial
or access to legal aid are some of the policies taken under the ideological
construct of ‘war on terror’ or ‘anti-terrorist’ strategies by the
state.
3. These discourses of scientific superiority, often used as a justification
for colonial rule or neocolonial expansion, had their own valences
and reinterpretations in colonial and postcolonial societies which are
significant but beyond the scope of this chapter to address. For more
see Gyan Prakash 1999.
4. We refer to this work in greater detail in Chapter 6.