Media Policy and Globalization - Blogs Unpad

210 INDEX
Television Without Frontiers Directive
(TVWF), 99, 100, 102, 105, 107, 122
Third World, 7, 9, 26, 29--34, 39, 54,
67--8, 72--3, 76, 146, 156, 172--3
and authoritarian regimes, 7
and corruption, 68, 74, 79--80
and debt, 33--4, 63
and development, 26--9, 78
and labour conditions, 43, 61, 70, 129,
130, 164
and solidarity, 30--3
and state censorship, 30
and telecommunications policy, 21,
63--7, 70
dependency of, 31
global cities of, 128, 175
modernization of, 24, 27, 30, 36, 67,
78: critique of, 29--30, 175
see also postcolonial states
trade unions, 55, 76, 147
anti-union policies, 9, 68
opposition to liberalization, 70, 74--6,
149
unionized labour in
telecommunications, 27, 60, 61, 68,
75
translocal telecommunications networks,
56
transnational corporations (TNCs), 6, 9,
15, 21, 34, 51--2, 54, 57, 63--4, 66,
76--8, 86, 89, 90, 113, 125, 135--6,
142, 148, 156, 164, 173
accountability of, 9, 16, 57, 70
and corruption, 57, 74, 79, 80
and deregulation, 100, 114
and developing markets, 9, 62
and self regulation 38
and telecommunications policy, 12, 55,
65--7, 72, 87, 93, 124, 137, 172, 176
pressures from, 7, 15--16, 38, 63, 72,
124
protection of, 8
regulation of, 60, 126
see also WSIS
transnational telecommunications firms
see transnational corporations
Treaty of Amsterdam, 91, 93, 95
Tunis WSIS, 151--5, 162; see also WSIS
Tunisia, 133, 153--4
Tunisian Human Rights League, 153
United Kingdom, 134
broadcasting, 4: and public service
broadcasting, 97
media, 89: liberalization of, 98
UNESCO, 25, 27, 29, 31--4, 138--9, 151
attack on, 32, 135
failure of, 149
UNIFEM, 159
United Nations Economic Commission
for Africa, 135
United States of America
broadcasting, 4, 85: policy, 17, 93;
regulation of, 11
cultural exports, 86, 89, 103--4: and
media imperialism, 31, 102; see also
Hollywood
media industry, 66, 89, 100, 105:
economic power of, 31, 103
Venezuela, 67
Voices, 21, 149
‘War on Terror’, 7, 176
Washington consensus, 35, 38
post Washington consensus, 40, 134,
146
WiRed, 13--14
World Association of Christian
Communication, 149
World Association of Community Radio
Broadcasters, 149
World Bank, 25, 27, 33, 37, 65, 69,
134--5, 146, 158
and developing economies, 17
global governance by, 34--5
pressures of, 66--7, 125
World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO), 34, 72, 126, 146, 164,
173; see also intellectual property
rights
World Social Forum, 40, 74, 146
World Summit on Information Society
(WSIS), 19, 53, 120, 124, 135--6,
139, 140--2, 147--9, 161, 165, 169,
174, 176
and civil society, 138, 139, 141, 150--2,
158, 162, 170: Civil Society Bureau,
151, 153, 256
and freedom of information,
152
and nation-states, 141
and NGOs, 138, 148
and North--South divisions, 152--7,
160, 162--3
and TNCs, 138--41, 151--5
feminist criticism of, 163--4
Gender Caucus at, 159, 160--5,
177
institutional context of, 148, 156