Chapter 3 - Natural Resources - Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton

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MCB Camp Pendleton, California 3.2.5.4. Designated Critical Habitat As of December 2008, critical habitat has been excluded, designated or proposed for eleven (11) of the seventeen (16) federally listed threatened or endangered species found on or that transit through Camp Pendleton. The Base was excluded from final USFWS critical habitat designation for ten (10) of the eleven (11) species. One (1) species has critical habitat designated aboard the Base within the State Park lease area (Table 3-8). TABLE 3-9 CRITICAL HABITAT DESIGNATION FOR THREATENED AND ENDANGERED PLANT AND WILDLIFE SPECIES ABOARD CAMP PENDLETON Species Birds California Least Tern Coastal California Gnatcatcher Least Bell’s Vireo Light-footed Clapper Rail Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Western Snowy Plover Mammals Pacific Pocket Mouse Stephens’ Kangaroo Rat Fish Southern Steelhead Trout Tidewater Goby Amphibians Arroyo Toad Crustacean Riverside Fairy Shrimp San Diego Fairy Shrimp Plants San Diego Button-Celery Spreading Navarretia Thread-Leaved Brodiaea Designation Status (Proposed/Final) Federal Register # (Date of Proposed or Final Designation) None 72 FR 72009 72213 Final (19 December 2007) 59 FR 4845-4867 Final (2 February 1994) None Final 70 FR 60885-61009 (19 October 2005) 70 FR 56969-57119 Final (29 September 2005) None None Final Final 65 FR 7764 7787 (16 February 2000) 73 FR 5920-6006 (31 January 2008) Final 70 FR 19561-19633 (13 April 2005) Final Proposed Final 66 FR 29383 29414 (30 May 2001) 69 FR 23023 23049 (27 April 2004) 72 FR 70647 70714 (12 December 2007) None Final 70 FR 60658-60694 (18 October 2005) 70 FR 73819-73863 Final (13 December 2005) Acres on Camp Pendleton 0 (Active) 0 (Active) 0 (Active) 40 (Active) 0 (Active) 0 (Active) 0 (Active) 0 (Active) 0 0 (Active) 0 (Active) 0 (Active) 3-82 Chapter 3 – Natural Resources
Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan [March 2012 - Update] 3.3. LANDSCAPE LINKAGES AND WILDLIFE CORRIDORS Landscape (or habitat) linkages are open space natural areas that provide connectivity among and between habitat patches, and provide locations for native plants and seasonal or year-round habitat for wildlife. Linkages may also provide wildlife corridors (see below) for the movement of individuals or populations between habitat areas. The identification, conservation, and protection of landscape linkages and wildlife corridors are essential to the long-term sustainability of many species in the southern California region. The increasing fragmentation of open space areas by urbanization has created small, isolated “islands” of habitat. Isolated populations marooned on islands of fragmented habitat show elevated rates of extinction as they succumb to environmental and genetic perturbations (Luke et al. 2004). In the absence of habitat linkages and wildlife corridors that allow movement to adjoining open space areas, various studies have concluded that some species, especially larger and more mobile mammals, will not likely persist over time (MacArthur & Wilson 1967; Soule 1987; Harris & Gallagher 1989; Bennett 1990). Corridors connecting the larger patches of natural habitat areas and open spaces mitigate the effects of this fragmentation, to some degree, by: 1) allowing gene flow (interbreeding and genetic exchange) between otherwise small and genetically isolated populations; 2) providing escape routes from fire, predators, human disturbances, and other potentially catastrophic events that could result in local extinction; and 3) serving as travel routes for individual animals as they move within their home ranges in search of food, water, mates, and other essential needs (Noss 1983; Farhig & FIGURE 3-42. TRACKED MOUNTAIN LION WILDLIFE CORRIDOR UTILIZATION Merriam 1985; Simberloff & Cox 1987; Harris & Gallagher 1989). (SOURCE: BRENNAN 2009) The largely undeveloped, contiguous stretches of habitat on Camp Pendleton function as one of the last remaining landscape linkages, and the only remaining coastal linkage, between the few remaining open spaces in Los Angeles and Orange Counties to the north, Riverside County to the northeast, and northern San Diego County to the south (Figure 3-41 shows utilization of an existing wildlife corridor by a radio collard mountain lion while traveling throughout its home-range from the Santa Ana Mountains southwest to the coast on Base, and highlights areas used as travel routes that are unpreserved wildlife corridors northeast of the Base (Brennan 2009). While Camp Pendleton may be large enough to maintain self-sustaining populations of some species for a reasonably long period of time, the long-term sustainability of most species (both within the region and on Base) will likely be threatened if habitat linkages and wildlife corridors Chapter 3 – Natural Resources 3-83
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Chapter 3 - Natural Resources - Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton

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