poster - International Conference of Agricultural Engineering
poster - International Conference of Agricultural Engineering poster - International Conference of Agricultural Engineering
FIGURE 1: Location of the study area in the states of Ceará, Pernambuco and Piauí. The Table 1 shows the main characteristics of the municipalities of the study area. TABLE 1: Main characteristics of the studied municipalities. General data Municipalities Araripina Barbalha Crato Marcolândia Area (km 2 ) 1.893 599 1.158 144 Altitude (m) 622 414 426 873 Urban Population 46.908 38.022 100.916 6.707 Rural Population 30.394 17.301 20.512 1.105 Population density (in habitants/km 2 ) 40,84 92,31 104,87 54,30 2. Methodology In support of the work was used the software SPRING (GIS and remote sensing image processing system), version 5.1.5., public domain, developed by the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), maps plani-altimetric from Northeast Development Superintendence (SUDENE) and multi-spectral TM/Landsat-5 images, orbit 217/65 dated September 12, 1987, August 23, 2003 and September 21, 2008, and orbit 218 / 65 dated August 18, 1987, June 27, 2003 and October 14, 2008. The digital image processing aimed to map the levels of land degradation in the studied municipalities. The initial phase of work consisted in processing and image classification, by means of computational techniques, and adopted the following procedures: preprocessing, enhancement techniques, arithmetic - ratio of bands in obtaining NDVI images (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) Multispectral Adjusted Composition (MAC – RGB composition b3, NDVI, b1), image segmentation, pattern classification of the NDVI images and thematic maps publishing. The adopted methodology for the interpretation of TM/Landsat-5 images consisted of a deductive approach and a comparative analysis of the levels of land degradation based on visual interpretation which is based on the Systematic Method of Veneziani & Anjos (1982).
This methodology consists of a sequence of logical and systemathic steps that are independent of the knowledge of the study area and the use of photo interpretation keys. The fieldwork aimed to validate the results obtained from visual analysis and digital image processing of TM/Landsat-5 images, and collect information to compose the georeferenced database, based on the description of the visited places. The field work was recorded using digital camera, and places were georeferenced using a GPS. Regarding the legend for the mapping of land degradation levels were considered five levels of land degradation: very low, low, moderate, severe and very severe, based on Barbosa et al. (2005). 3. Results Data on land degradation from visual analysis of TM/Landsat-5 images for the years 1987, 2003 and 2008 (Fig. 2) indicate risks to desertification for the municipality of Araripina, State of Pernambuco. The results show that within two decades (1987-2008) the increase of areas under very serious level of degradation was significant and require urgent action to create public policies for the region, aiming the sustainability of the families living in areas where the process of desertification is occurring. FIGURE 2: Digital maps of the land degradation levels for the municipality of Araripina, State of Pernambuco. In the municipality of Araripina, the highest occurrence of the level very serious of land degradation has been identified especially where large mining companies are located. For example, in the area of extraction of gypsum the reject of mine is deposed without any environmental control, influencing the degradation of land and of the savanna vegetation already very impacted (Fig. 3 - A and B).
- Page 39 and 40: Cool, J. B., Rodrigo, G. N., Garcí
- Page 41 and 42: Abstract Agriculture and water sour
- Page 43 and 44: In 1985 and 1986 hygienic protectio
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- Page 47 and 48: Biological Nitrogen Fixation In Gen
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- Page 51 and 52: 5. References AYERS, R.S.; WESTCOT,
- Page 53 and 54: 2 However, the cultures are not alw
- Page 55 and 56: 4 TABEL 2: Mean values of radiation
- Page 57 and 58: accumulated ETo (mm dia -1 ) 6 900
- Page 59 and 60: only the expansion of agricultural
- Page 61 and 62: FIGURE 2: Content of chlorophyll a,
- Page 63 and 64: Evapotranspiration and Crop Coeffic
- Page 65 and 66: were respectively applied in the fi
- Page 67 and 68: TABLE 1: Irrigation depth and actua
- Page 69 and 70: NUTRIENT RETENTION IN WETLANDS USIN
- Page 71 and 72: Table 2. Daily affluent concentrati
- Page 73 and 74: IMPORTANCE OF DRY GEAR MASS CULTURE
- Page 75 and 76: mobilizing assimilated exerted by c
- Page 77 and 78: This method consists of covering th
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- Page 85 and 86: in a grinder and passed through a 0
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- Page 99 and 100: higher demand than those of scenari
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- Page 103 and 104: uniformity of flowering. The irriga
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- Page 111 and 112: espectively, compared to that obser
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- Page 133 and 134: show that Extvalue and Logistic dis
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FIGURE 1: Location <strong>of</strong> the study area in the states <strong>of</strong> Ceará, Pernambuco and Piauí.<br />
The Table 1 shows the main characteristics <strong>of</strong> the municipalities <strong>of</strong> the study area.<br />
TABLE 1: Main characteristics <strong>of</strong> the studied municipalities.<br />
General data<br />
Municipalities<br />
Araripina Barbalha Crato Marcolândia<br />
Area (km 2 ) 1.893 599 1.158 144<br />
Altitude (m) 622 414 426 873<br />
Urban Population 46.908 38.022 100.916 6.707<br />
Rural Population 30.394 17.301 20.512 1.105<br />
Population density (in habitants/km 2 ) 40,84 92,31 104,87 54,30<br />
2. Methodology<br />
In support <strong>of</strong> the work was used the s<strong>of</strong>tware SPRING (GIS and remote sensing image<br />
processing system), version 5.1.5., public domain, developed by the National Institute for<br />
Space Research (INPE), maps plani-altimetric from Northeast Development<br />
Superintendence (SUDENE) and multi-spectral TM/Landsat-5 images, orbit 217/65 dated<br />
September 12, 1987, August 23, 2003 and September 21, 2008, and orbit 218 / 65 dated<br />
August 18, 1987, June 27, 2003 and October 14, 2008. The digital image processing aimed<br />
to map the levels <strong>of</strong> land degradation in the studied municipalities. The initial phase <strong>of</strong> work<br />
consisted in processing and image classification, by means <strong>of</strong> computational techniques, and<br />
adopted the following procedures: preprocessing, enhancement techniques, arithmetic - ratio<br />
<strong>of</strong> bands in obtaining NDVI images (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) Multispectral<br />
Adjusted Composition (MAC – RGB composition b3, NDVI, b1), image segmentation, pattern<br />
classification <strong>of</strong> the NDVI images and thematic maps publishing.<br />
The adopted methodology for the interpretation <strong>of</strong> TM/Landsat-5 images consisted <strong>of</strong> a<br />
deductive approach and a comparative analysis <strong>of</strong> the levels <strong>of</strong> land degradation based on<br />
visual interpretation which is based on the Systematic Method <strong>of</strong> Veneziani & Anjos (1982).
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